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  • IPEN-DOC 29558

    NETO, A.B.C. . Risks to be considered in nuclear reactor decommissioning projects in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 4, p. 1-24, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2111

    Abstract: In recent years, Brazil has intensified investments in nuclear innovation for peaceful purposes. Currently, in the country, there are six reactors in operation and three under construction. These reactors, at the end of their useful life, must be decommissioned, in a process that includes technical and administrative actions aimed at the partial or total removal of regulatory control, with a view of to the safety of the installation site, the health of employees, the public, and the protection of the environment. Thus, these activities involve risks that must be managed systematically, following the rules and guidelines established by responsible bodies. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently identified the need for practical guidelines for risk management in decommissioning projects and elaborated the publication “Management of Project Risks in Decommissioning” of the Safety Reports Series Nº 97. In Brazil, there is no experience in execution the decommissioning of nuclear reactors, thus, this work will present and analyze the main risks of nuclear reactor decommissioning projects in Brazil, using techniques from the risk assessment process of the ISO/IEC 31010 Standard, considering the wide international experience portrayed on the subject.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29557

    ARAUJO, M.M. ; REIS, F.C. ; ROMANO, J.I.S. ; ARTHUR, V.. Effects of gamma radiation on adults of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) collected in the retail trade in São Paulo/SP city. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 4, p. 1-12, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2086

    Abstract: Brazil is one of the world's largest grain producers, and inadequate storage favors the appearance of pests. Among the most important insect species, the genus Sitophilus and Tribolium stand out. The constant use of chemical pesticides leads to the selection of resistant populations and the need to study different methods for integrated control. Considering these aspects, the present study aimed to evaluate the mortality of adult individuals of S. zeamais in brown rice and T. castaneum in wheat flour, collected on substrates sold in the retail trade in São Paulo/SP city, exposed to increasing doses of gamma radiation. The experiment was carried out at the Radiation Technology Center at the Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Research – IPEN/USP, the substrates with the specimens were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy in a Cobalt-60 source, type Gammacell 220, at a dose rate of 0.903 kGy/hour. The experiment consisted of 4 replicates per treatment and each replicate 10 insects, in a total of 40 insects per treatment, and the statistical design was completely randomized. The dose of 75 Gy was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency for S. zeamais, but the dose of 200 Gy did not reach satisfactory efficiency for controlling T. castaneum. Therefore, a dose of 400 Gy should be recommended for the control of these two insect species in their respective substrates.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29556

    FONTOLAN, A.F.A.M. ; SOUZA, C.D. de . Assessment of public perception of radioactivity in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 4, p. 1-19, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2095

    Abstract: Nuclear energy divides public opinion with its “good” and “bad” applications. Almost immediately after the discovery of radiation, radioactive elements purified by the Curies were used in health treatments, but with the nuclear bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the subject was marked by bad public opinion, being related to death and destruction. Nowadays, nuclear physics is used in many important fields, such nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases, but the prejudice and lack of knowledge of the general public has not yet improved its “fame”. This work proposes to change a little of this paradigm. Through a questionnaire, the public perception of radioactivity was evaluated. The most important result obtained is that the public is interested in learning about radiation and nuclear energy and is willing to change their negative views.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29555

    BORSOI, S.S.; BARONI, D.B.; MATTAR NETO, M. ; OLIVEIRA, P.S.P. ; MATURANA, M.C.. Risk-based design of electric power systems for non-conventional nuclear facilities at shutdown modes. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 3A, p. 1-17, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2063

    Abstract: The work presents a methodology for assessing the safety of electrical system designs for non-conventional nuclear facilities in shutdown. The methodology adopts the core damage frequency as the main risk measure to assess the different architectures of power systems in a non-conventional nuclear facility. Among the reasons is the absence of a specific regulatory basis for this type of installation. The adoption of standards for nuclear power plants by non-conventional nuclear facilities does not take into account the functional and operational particularities of these installations, imposing criteria that are often overestimated, which can even lead to an increase in the financial risk for carrying out the projects. Safety probabilistic analyzes become essential tools for the facilities design and licensing. The modeling and quantification of systems failures in charge of ensuring the nuclear safety of non-conventional nuclear facilities are carried out in the CAFTA software environment. In these studies, the analysis of electrical system configurations and their influence on the overall risk of the installation stand out.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29554

    FERRARI, L.A. ; AYOUB, J.M.S. ; TAVARES, R.L.A.; SILVA, A.L.C.; SENEDA, J.A. . Must nuclear energy be increased on Brazilian energy mix in a Post-COVID-19 world?. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 3A, p. 1-20, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.1920

    Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the convenience and feasibility of increasing the nuclear energy participation on the Brazilian energy mix, amid a national context of climate change, scarcity of natural resources necessary to baseload energy generation, particularly hydropower, discussions on a possible restart and expansion of Brazilian nuclear program, whilst the population still suffers socioeconomic impacts resulting from COVID-19 pandemic as well as the pre-pandemic economic crisis. The work proposes four analysis axes: environmental factors, economic, safety/legislation and technological aspects, and through bibliographic research in scientific articles published in journals, theses, dissertations, laws, regulations and international recommendations, it was possible, as a result of the research, to draw an optimistic overview of a possible future expansion of the Brazilian nuclear program, considering the advantages and challenges of using the nuclear alternative when compared to other energy sources.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29553

    CELESTINO, P.A.P. ; SORDI, G.M.A.A. . Study of radiation protection vestments for maintenance of mobile nuclear power plants. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 3A, p. 1-16, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.1867

    Abstract: Most radiation exposure to personnel comes from inspection, maintenance, and repair within the reactor compartment. The objective of this paper was to discover the garment that, at the same time, presents the best result for the attenuation of ionizing radiation, as well as good ergonomics for the maintenance professional of mobile nuclear plants. For this, market research was carried out and, as a result, nine Radiation Protection Vestments (VPRs) were found, from five different manufacturers and from three countries, the United States, Japan and China; and which are feasible to be acquired. To choose the VPR, the optimization techniques of CIPR 55 were used: Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis and Multi-Criteria Outranking Analysis. Based on the information provided by the manufacturers, five attributes were chosen for comparison: protection cost, percentage of ionizing radiation attenuation, weight, discomfort, and surface decontamination of the vestment. To verify the robustness of the analytical solution, the values of the scaling constants were re-calculated, where it was observed that the analytical solution found is strongly influenced when the protection cost is changed, as it is the highest cost VPR among all those surveyed. The VPR chosen by both optimization techniques was the STEMRAD 360, which has the highest attenuation of ionizing radiation, as well as being the VPR with greater emphasis on ergonomics.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29552

    SILVA, T.P.; MATURANA, M.C.; OLIVEIRA, P.S.P. de ; MATTAR NETO, M. . External Events PSA: requirements applicable to new nuclear installations projects after Fukushima Daiichi accident. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 3A, p. 1-8, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.1977

    Abstract: Since the Fukushima Daiichi accident, external events analysis has become a priority issue within regulatory bodies, operators, and designers, raising concerns about the capabilities of nuclear power plants to withstand severe conditions. Generally, the methodology applied to the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of external events consists of the identification of potential single and combined external hazards, screening of external hazards, analysis of site and plant response, analysis of initiating events and quantification of accident sequences probabilities. Therefore, in this paper, the requirements and other information on new nuclear installations projects necessary to implement a comprehensive PSA of external events throughout plant lifetime are evaluated. In addition, it is necessary to clearly identify all the resources that must be available to continuously expand PSA scope to include all types of initiating events, levels of analysis and plant operation modes.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29551

    FALOPPA, A.A. ; FAINER, G. ; FIGUEIREDO, C.D.R. ; CARVALHO, D.S.M. ; MATTAR NETO, M. . IEA-R1 renewed primary system pump B1-B nozzles stress analysis. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 3A, p. 1-14, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.1892

    Abstract: The present report is a summary of the structural analysis of the pump nozzles applying the finite element method by using the Ansys computer program. The IEA-R1 RR is an open pool-type moderated and cooled by light water using beryllium/graphite as a reflector. The reactor can reach up to 5MW of thermal power cooled by the primary and secondary systems. The primary coolant system consists of a piping arrangement, a decay tank, two pumps, and two heat exchangers. The primary pump B1-B presented some failures requiring refurbishment by a new one. The pump used in the IEA-R1 must meet the requirements inherent to the nuclear installation, in addition to the operational requirements for rotating equipment, such as flow and pressure, and structural integrity of the body and nozzles. The supplier specified the type of pump suitable for the System. The pump furnished granted mechanical allowable loads for the nozzles that were lower than the loads imposed by the piping on the nozzles. To enable the installation of the pump in the primary circuit, new support was inserted in the piping system next to the pump minimizing efforts and deformations. A piping stress analysis was carried out to obtain the new efforts imposed on the nozzles. For validation of the motor pump set, a verification of the nozzles was done compared with API 610 standard loads, and the allowable loads of the provider. Finally, a structural analysis of the pump nozzles with the new loads was developed using the finite element method. The calculated stresses meet the limits prescribed by the ASME code; therefore, the new B1-B Pump is approved for operation at the IEA-R1 Nuclear Research Reactor primary circuit.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29550

    VASQUEZ, P.A.S. ; NAGAI, M.L.E. ; OLIVEIRA, M.J.A. ; OTUBO, L. ; SOMESSARI, E.S.R. . Preservation of photographic and cinematographic films by electron-beam irradiation. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACCELERATORS FOR RESEARCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, May 23-27, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA, 2022.

    Abstract: The Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN through the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility and the Electron Beam Irradiation Facilities has disinfected several tangible cultural collections from the University of São Paulo – USP. Brazilian weather conditions added to the actions of insects and fungi promote biodegradation especially in cellulose-based materials. In this sense, ionizing radiation is an excellent alternative to the traditional preservation process mainly because the biocidal action. Electron beam irradiation also presents new possibilities for processing materials with greater speed, despite having limited penetration. Adequate storage of photographic and cinematographic materials is a challenge for experts from preservation institutions. Contamination by fungi is one of leading causes of problem in this kind of collections. In addition, another common physicochemical degradation affecting cellulose triacetate films causing deacetylation of polymer chain is called “vinegar syndrome”. In this work are presented results of the effect of the electron beam irradiation on photographic and cinematographic films using an electron beam accelerator with energy of 1.5 MeV and beam power of 37.5 kW. Selected film samples were characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and FEGSEM-EDS microscopy. Samples were irradiated with absorbed dose between 2 kGy and 200 kGy. Irradiated samples were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FEGSEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that disinfection by electron beam radiation can be achieved safely applying radiation absorbed doses between 6 kGy to 10 kGy with no significant change or modification of main properties of the constitutive polymeric materials. Electron beam irradiation, due to the effect of crosslinking is presented as an alternative to treat films affected by “vinegar syndrome” applying absorbed dose of 80 kGy in order to increase shelf life of cultural heritage materials.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29549

    CALVO, W.A.P. ; MUNHOZ, P.M. ; SOMESSARI, S.L. ; DUARTE, C.L. ; SPRENGER, F.E. ; FEHER, A. ; LAINETTI, F.F. ; GASPAR, R.R. ; NASCIMENTO, F.C. ; SILVA, L.G.A. ; HARADA, J. ; BRAGA, A. ; RODRIGUES, M.; SAMPA, M.H.O. . Electron beam processing to improve biodegradable polymers and for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACCELERATORS FOR RESEARCH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, May 23-27, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA, 2022.

    Abstract: Radiation technology has been used to control environmental pollution. The aim of these studies was to apply the electron beam radiation technology for controlling plastic pollution and environmental protection.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29548

    KOTANI, PALOMA O. ; FERRO, DAPHNE M. ; TAVARES, LAURA P. ; AFFONSO, REGINA ; ORTIZ, NILCE . Using TiO2-Diatomite for photodisinfection in contaminated wastewater. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 212-212.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The urban pressure reduced water availability and quality through the years, promoting the development of water treatment and disinfection processes such as the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). A highly efficient catalyst with Diatomite as biotemplate and solar energy can enhance hydroxyl radicals (OH) production for disinfection and pollutants degradation. Preliminary TiO2-Diatomite experiments with Escherichia coli provided valuable insights on its photodisinfection efficiency, legitimating its usage in the wastewater samples presented in this study. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the use of TiO2-Diatomite in photodisinfection process in contaminated wastewater. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TiO2 synthesis used titanium isopropoxide sol-gel process with Diatomite powder, the filtration step followed the mixed water suspension, and the drying process lasted overnight. The wastewater samples were collected from a household washing machine and 0.05 g of TiO2-Diatomite were added in the photodisinfection reactor. The total reaction lasted for 90 minutes in the solar chamber with all parameters controlled. The suspension aliquots were collected after 30 minutes of agitation and plated on LB agar at Petri plates. After incubation, the emerged colonies were counted through software (OpenCFU) and the data processed using R programming language. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph of TiO2-Diatomite presented enhanced surface area and microstructure obtained by biotemplate addition. The bacterial inactivation percentage was above 75 % for 1 hour of solar radiation exposure. Kinetics models indicated better correspondence with interparticle reaction. CONCLUSION: Photodisinfection kinetics studies provided more efficient bacterial inactivation with the addition of 0.05 g of TiO2-Diatomite in the sample. The study presents an affordable and sustainable treatment using a viable renewable energy source for application in distant areas with contaminated effluents with the addition of a reagent easily obtained by government agencies.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29547

    RAPOSO, BRUNO L.; SOUZA, SUEDEN O.; SANTANA, GLEYCIANE S. de; SARMENTO-NETO, JOSE F.; SANTOS, BEATE S.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. ; REBOUCAS, JULIO S.; CABRAL FILHO, PAULO E.; FONTES, ADRIANA. Biophotonic strategy associated with hexyl zinc porphyrin for inactivation of Candida spp.. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 271-271.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The genus Candida is among the most frequent fungal pathogens worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antifungals enables the spread of resistant strains, which have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising technology to treat resistant Candida spp. infections. PDI occurs when light excites a photosensitizer (PS) leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) present high efficiency for intracellular ROS generation and structural versatility for tailored lipophilicity and ionic character, modulating the bioavailability and interaction with cellular structures. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential of ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+-mediated PDI to inactivate C. albicans and C. glabrata yeasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Candida yeasts (1×10^7 CFU/mL) were evaluated according to the groups: (i) control (without treatment); (ii) only ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ (dark); (iii) only light (blue LED); and (iv) PDI (ZnP + light) using 10 min of pre-incubation. Different ZnP concentrations (0.15 to 1.25 μM) and light doses were firstly tested with C. albicans. Treated samples were diluted and seeded on Sabouraud agar for colony enumeration after incubation at 37 ºC for 24 h. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: C. albicans viability decreased with increasing ZnP concentration, achieving complete eradication at 0.8 μM and 3 min of irradiation (24.1 mW/cm²). PDI with 1.25 μM and 1 min of irradiation resulted in a 2 log10 reduction only, demonstrating the importance of light dose in microbial photoinactivation. PDI parameters were subsequently adjusted for inactivation of C. glabrata. Complete C. glabrata eradication was achieved with ZnP at 0.8 μM, and 3 min of irradiation, however, at a higher irradiance (38.4 mW/cm²). Groups treated with either light or ZnP alone did not affect Candida spp. viability. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the protocols used in this study were efficient for inactivating Candida spp. yeasts at sub-micromolar concentration ZnP and short irradiation times.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29546

    SILVA, CAMILA R. ; PEREIRA, SAULO de T. ; PRETTO, LUCAS R. de ; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z. de ; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Photobiomodulation therapy as a radiosensitizer for triple-negative breast cancer. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 273-273.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential cancer treatment and is estimated that approximately 52% of oncological patients will be submitted to this technique once. However, some tumors, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), present radioresistance, demanding high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) and a prolonged period of treatment, which contributes to secondary malignancies due to deposition of dose in organs at risk and several side effects. Moreover, this subtype of cancer shows a high incidence of metastasis and decreases the survival expectancy of the patient. Thus, the search for new agents that can act as a radiosensitizer to improve the RT effects has been growing. Conversely, photobiomodulation therapy (PBM), which is a promising therapy with increasing adhesion in clinical practice, has been used to mitigate the adverse effects of RT. Indeed, recent studies have associated PBM with RT to combat cancer. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we used TNBC-bearing mice as a radioresistant cancer model to verify if PBM could act as a radiosensitizer MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBM was applied in two different protocols before the RT with a high dose (60 Gy fractioned in 4 sessions). We evaluated the tumor volume progression, animal clinical evolution, lung metastases by optical coherence tomography, and animal survival DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Our data indicate that PBM before each RT session arrested the tumor volume, improved the clinical signals of the animals, reduced the nodules in the lung, and extended animal survival. CONCLUSION: In the light of the knowledge gained, our data indicate that PBM could act as a radiosensitizer.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29545

    PRATA, BEATRIZ A. ; SANTOS, CAROLINA M. dos ; AFFONSO, REGINA . Optimization of the process of expression in E. coli and purification of the catalytic sites of the ACE1 by the ELP-Intein system. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 220-220.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a fundamental part of the renin-angiotensin system; this has two domains, N- and C-, each of which has a catalytic site that exhibits 60% sequence identity. Its actions are in the control of blood pressure, protection of the brain by cleavage of beta-amyloid bodies, cell proliferation, formation of hematopoietic stem cells, among others. OBJECTIVES: Obtaining the catalytic sites Ala361 to Gly468 (N domain region, csACEN) and Ala959 to Ser1066 (C domain region, csACEC) in pure form and with their correct structural conformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression conditions of pE1csACEN and pE1csACEC vectors in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain: cultures grown in Terrific Broth at 37⁰C at 140 rpm for 20–24 h and 0.1 mM IPTG. Purification by Elastin-like Polypeptide (ELP) precipitation: ELP-bound catalytic sites were purified with two ammonium sulfate precipitations (ASp). Remotion of ELP: by autocleavage of the Intein sequence using the buffers: sodium phosphate, sodium cacodylate, MES and Tris-HCl. The ELP/Intein was removed from the sample by ASp. The analyzes of all stages of the process were performed by SDS-PAGE and Dot blotting. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The differential for obtaining the pure peptides was the temperature of 37⁰C, with a significant increase in expression concerning the cultivation of 16⁰C. In the ELP purification steps, ammonium sulfate buffer concentrations of 0.57 M and 0.8 M were the most efficient. Intein's self-cleaving was more efficient with MES buffers and Tris-HCl for ELPsACEN and ELPsACEC, respectively. Structural analysis by Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence confirmed the correct structure of the pure peptides. CONCLUSION: In the present work, we defined the most efficient conditions for expression, purification, and obtaining of ACE catalytic sites in pure form. The csACEN and csACEC peptides will allow greater assertiveness in obtaining and characterizing new hypertensive drugs and in the hydrolysis of substrates such as beta-amyloid.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29544

    CABRAL, FERNANDA V. ; SMITH, TERRY K.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Lipidomics analysis of Leishmania amazonensis following photoxidative stress. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 272-272.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a well-known light-based technology that has been widely studied as an alternative approach to fight cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). APDT induces lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes due to the generation of oxidative stress OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the role of 1,9- dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB)-mediated APDT on a wild-type (WT) and a miltefosine-resistant (MF) strain of Leishmania amazonesis and analyzed several cellular processes to get insights into the underlying mechanisms of APDT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this, APDT was carried out using red light (λ= 67012 nm) and promastigotes were exposed to different concentrations of DMMB at 8 J/cm2. Then, we measured mitochondrial potential and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and analyzed quantitative lipidomics of the main phospholipid classes using electrospray-mass spectrometry. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: As a result, we observed overproduction of ROS, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and a rapid lipid remodeling immediately after APDT. Of note, MF showed a higher content in levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) as compared to the WT line before treatment, which suggests it could be also involved in the MF resistance mechanism. In addition, results showed that after APDT, PC levels were substantially decreased, while new phospholipid species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were increased. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data suggest DMMB-mediated APDT promoted a significant lipid peroxidation in the parasite's membrane of both strains, which failed to manage redox imbalance, thus resulting in cellular malfunction and death.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29543

    SEPULVEDA, ANDERSON F.; VOLLRATH-KUMPGDEE, MONT; FRANCO, MARGARETH K.K.D. ; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; ARAUJO, DANIELE R. de. Hyaluronic acid incorporation modulates rheological and drug release properties in Poloxamer-based hydrogels. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 254-254.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Synthetic polymer Poloxamer (PL) 407 (15% and 30% w/w) and binary formulation PL 407 15% + PL 338 15% (BF), with natural polymer hyaluronic acid 0.5% w/w, were designed as bupivacaine or ropivacaine thermosensitive release systems. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to characterize structure and stability of drug delivery systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These systems were characterized by calorimetry, rheology, SANS, and release profile. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Calorimetry results demonstrated all formulations are stable at storage and physiological temperatures. PL 407 30% and BF systems are structurally more organized and with higher consistency (G’/G’’ ~ 50) at 37 °C and with lower gelation temperature (Tg ~ 14 °C) than PL 407 15% ones (G’/G’’ ~ 0.30 and Tg ~ 45 °C, respectively), however BFs have increased viscosity and slightly higher stiffness (G’/G’’ ~ 60) when compared to PL 407 30% formulations, due to more hydrophilicity of PL 338 chains than PL 407. Adding HA, it is observed enhanced viscosity but diminished consistency (G’/G’’ ~ 0.40). When a drug is incorporated, it is seen that it promotes increased interaction between chains. Although material alteration when incorporating HA or drug is observed, SANS results showed that the type of supramolecular structure is dependent on the concentration of Poloxamer. Systems with low concentration of Poloxamer have lamellar type, while formulations with 30% of Poloxamer have both cubic and hexagonal structures. In addition, PL 407 30% formulations undergo greater compression when bupivacaine is added (~ 29.7 nm at 25 °C and 37 °C). As drug release profiles showed, BFs release drugs in a more controlled way than other formulations. Moreover, HA hinders the release of both drugs. CONCLUSION: Thus, it is clear that the incorporation of more hydrophilic polymers is able to modulate the drug release rate according to the hydrogels rheological parameters.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29542

    OLIVEIRA, SORAIA B. de ; FERREIRA, LUANA da S. ; MARUMO, MARIA H.B. . Expression profile of zinc channels in human renal cell carcinoma after Temsirolimus treatment. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 364-364.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Zinc is an essential trace element for cell proliferation and growth. Cellular Zn is regulated of by ZnT and ZIP family channels but its mechanism still not completely understood. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant renal tumors. The RCC clear cell pathological subtype is associated with the VHL gene mutation, that is responsible for its aggressiveness. Temsirolimus (TEM), an antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of RCC, is a selective inhibitor of mTOR. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of zinc channels in clear cell renal carcinoma cell line with and without TEM treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) assay was used define IC50. The expression of ZnT1, ZnT4, ZIP11 and ZIP14 channels from the HK-2, 786-0 and 786-0/TEM cells was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The IC50 dose was 10μM. Gene expression analysis comparing Hk-2 and 786-0 cell lines revealed decreased levels of ZnT1 of 79.20±3.58% (P< 0.0001 vs HK-2) and an increase for the ZIP 11 of 243.3±62.84% (P< 0.01 vs HK-2). The comparison between 786-0 with and without TEM treatment showed decreased levels of ZnT1 of 34.03±20.45% (P< 0.05 vs 786-0), ZnT4 of 92.82±0.72% (P< 0.0001vs 786-0), ZIP14 of 11.24% (P< 0.01 vs 786-0) and ZIP11 of 95.96±0.54% (P< 0.0001 vs 786-0). Western blot data corroborated the real time results. CONCLUSION: There is a difference in the Zn channel expression profiles between HK-2 and 786-0. The treatment with TEM modulates the expression of these channels.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29541

    TEIXEIRA, LUIZ F.S. ; BELLINI, MARIA H. . Evaluation of angiogenic capacity of human adenocarcinoma cell line knockout for NF-ĸΒ1 protein. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 415-415.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common adult renal epithelial cancer. The most frequent subtype of RCC is clear cell (ccRCC). Most of ccRCC patients have a mutation in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. The VHL gene encodes a protein, the VHL, which can up-regulate a series of intracellular proteins, including the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). The transcription factor NF-кB is increased in the ccRCC. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the NF-кB1 gene knockout on the VEGF and IL6 expression in the human RCC cells under normoxia and hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CRISPR/Cas-9 technique was used to obtain 786-0 cells knockout for the NF-кB1 protein. Western Blot assay was used to selected the clones. A hypoxia-inducing humid chamber was used and its effectiveness was validated its effectiveness was certified by the analysis of HIF-2α expression levels. The quantification of VEGF and IL-6 levels was measured using Real Time-PCR and MILLIPLEX assay. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The VEGF gene expression in the clones was significantly lower than that presented by the control both in normoxia (786-0-sg1 99.68±0.09%, 786-0-sg2 78.55±0.85%, 786-0-sg3 91.70±0.87%) and in hypoxia (786-0-sg1 98.30±1.49%, 786-0-sg2 75.21±4.14%, 786-0-sg3 98.44±0.18%). The expression of IL-6 gene was also significant lower in normoxia (786-0-sg1 49.03±0.80%, 786-0-sg2 76.59±12.43%, 786-0-sg3 66.98±10.89%) and in hypoxia (786-0-sg1 95.85±0.36%, 786-0-sg2 96.45±0.49%, 786-0-sg3 91.08±1.42%). The MILLIPLEX results show that there was a significant reduction of both VEGF and IL-6 in the culture medium of cells knocked out in normoxia and hypoxia compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Suppression of p50 expression in the clones resulted in the reduction of VEGF and IL6 in both conditions. The reduction in the IL-6 relative expression hypoxia/normoxia demonstrates a change in cellular responsiveness to decreased levels of oxygen.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29540

    FERREIRA, LUANA da S. ; OLIVEIRA, SORAIA B. de ; BELLINI, MARIA H. . Effect of the hypoxia on the expression of zinc transporters in renal adenocarcinoma cell line. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 366-366.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor responsible for about 1 to 3 % of all malignancies. The most common histological variant is the clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), representing about 45% of all cases of RCC in adults. ccRCC is associated with the VHL gene mutation. The loss of the VHL protein prevents the degradation of HIF subunits, which are involved in critical oncogenic pathways. Zinc is an essential trace element and its cellular homeostasis is regulated by zinc transporters such as ZIPs and ZNTs. The profile of their expression in renal tumor is still unknown. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the expression profile of zinc transporters in ccRCC in normoxia and hypoxia culturing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 786-0 tumor cells were cultured in hypoxic conditions inside a hypoxia chamber with an oxygen absorber to the atmosphere of 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2, and placed in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. The Altair PRO Single-Gas Detector was used to measure the percentage of O2. For gene expression analysis, RTq-PCR was used and the results were analyzed by the Delta-Delta ct method. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: VEGF and HIF2a expression in 786-0 cells were evaluated to confirm the efficacy of hypoxia chamber. There was a significant increase in the VEGF expression of 312.8±2.14% (P< 0.0001) and HIF2a of 593.4±57.21% (P< 0.0092). Besides that, the gene expression analysis revealed a downregulation in the hypoxic environment of the channels ZNT9 of 71.41±0.84% (P< 0.0001), ZIP1 of 17.45±3.68% (P< 0.0418), ZIP4 of 76.3±9.75% (P< 0.0054) and ZIP10 of 44.96±4.31% (P< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The hypoxia modulates the expression of Zn channels in 786-0 cells indicating that such channels play a role in the pathophysiology of ccRCC.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29539

    SALVEGO, CAMILA de A. ; CABRAL, FERNANDA V. ; SEABRA, AMEDEA B.; SANTANA, BIANCA de M.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Cytotoxic effects of chitosan nanoparticles containing S-nitrosoglutathione in triple-negative breast cancer cells. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 237-237.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Among the treatments, radiation therapy (RT) is frequently chosen as a primary strategy; however, it demands high doses of ionizing radiation to achieve a curative dose. To enhance RT effectiveness, an external agent can be used to sensitize cells before the treatment, allowing a dose reduction. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential molecule linked to several organic processes, besides being described as a potential radiosensitizer of tumor cells by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress. However, NO have a short half-life in biological conditions, making it difficult to achieve anticancer effects. To overcome this, NO donors can be encapsulated into polymer-based nanoparticles, ensuring a sustained NO releasing. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cytotoxicity induced by chitosan nanoparticles containing S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO-CS NPs) in 4T1 cells (murine triple-negative breast cancer). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were cultivated, seeded in 96-well plates (2 x 10 4 cells/well), and incubated at 37ºC with 5% of CO2 for 24 h. Both CS NPs and CS NPs containing GSNO encapsulated were added to the plates at different concentrations (0-2.4 mg/ml CS NPs, 0-6 mM GSNO) and incubated for 24 h. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated through Resazurin fluorometric assay in both groups. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Our results showed a 65% reduction in cell viability for GSNO-CS NPs groups treated at 6 mM, while only 30% of cells were killed when treated by CS NPs group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that GSNO-CS NPs were able to promote cytotoxicity effects, thus inducing oxidative stress in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Next steps involve the use of these nanoparticles before RT to evaluate its radiosensitizer effect.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29538

    CABRAL, FERNANDA ; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Photodynamic therapy towards inactivation of miltefosine-resistant Leishmania amazonensis. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBBq), 51st; CONGRESS OF BRAZILIAN BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY (SBBf)/LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETIES (Lafebs), 46th, September 5-8, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - SBBq, 2022. p. 271-271.

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic disease developed by Leishmania parasites that promotes destructive lesions. The emergence of drug-resistant parasites has been related to the misuse of drugs, being a major threat to global health. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been reported as an attractive treatment against a broad spectrum of drug-resistant pathogens, the use of APDT against drug-resistant Leishmania parasites has never been explored. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the effects of methylene blue-mediated APDT (MB-APDT) on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of two different strains of Leishmania amazonensis, a wild-type (WT) and a miltefosine-resistant cell line (MFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were treated at different concentrations of miltefosine. Regarding APDT, we used a red LED (λ= 660±22 nm) at 20 mW/cm 2 and two MB concentrations. Parasites were exposed to radiant exposures of 0 to 25 J/cm 2 .DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The miltefosine concentration necessary to reduce 50% (EC50) MFR promastigotes was found to be 5.6-fold higher than that of the WT strain. Amastigotes were even more resistant, and the concentration needed to effectively kill MFR was not able to be calculated once it was toxic to health macrophages. Differently, both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were susceptible to MB-APDT. Indeed, promastigotes were equally susceptible to treatment regardless of the MB concentration. EC50 calculated for the light dose delivered was nearly 3 J/cm2, which corresponds to an exposure time of 150 s. Surprisingly, amastigotes of MFR were more susceptible to MB-APDT at 50 μM MB concentration, and the light dose necessary to reduce 50% of resistant parasites was half of that of the WT strain (2.3 J/cm 2 and 4.7 J/cm 2 , respectively). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that MB-APDT could be a promising treatment to overcome the global issue of antileishmanial drug resistance in CL.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29537

    FUNGARO, DENISE A. ; IZIDORO, JULIANA de C. . Circular economy in the sugarcane agroindustry: bagasse-fly-ash-based zeolite. In: PLANETARY HEALTH ANNUAL MEETING, October 31 - November 2, 2022, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract... Boston, MA, USA: Planetary Health Alliance, 2022. p. 129-130.

    Abstract: The sugarcane industry in the process of producing sugar and ethanol generates bagasse in large amounts. The burning of bagasse used for steam and electricity generation produces 3 million tonnes of bagasse fly ash (BFA) annually. Handling and improper disposal of BFA cause pollution in soils, air, and water, which results in environmental challenges and human health problems. The valorization of BFA is a convenient and sustainable means to reduce solid waste generation and decrease the environmental pollution load. The purpose of this research is to investigate the application of BFA for the synthesis of zeolite. Because of three-dimensional structure and unique porous properties, zeolite is a value-added product with many applications such as adsorbent material and industrial catalysis. After separation of the coarser particles containing mainly unburned carbon, fine particles of BFA were used to synthesize zeolite by alkali fusion (550 oC; 1 h; BFA: NaOH= 1:1.2 w/w) followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C for 3 h. Si/Al molar ratio of 1.0 was adjusted with an external alumina source. BFA and synthesized zeolite were characterized using XFR, XRD, and MEV. The results showed that BFA may be used effectively for the synthesis of zeolite NaA with high purity comparable with the commercial product. Zeolite NaA is employed in sugarcane mills in the dehydration processes for the removal of water from the hydrated ethanol. Thus, the application of BFA in zeolitization process strategy provides not only environmental and economic benefits for the sugarcane agroindustry but also contributes to a circular economy and towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 12.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29536

    SANTIAGO, RAQUEL; VIANNA, DANIELA; FUNGARO, DENISE A. ; VIANNA, NELZAIR; SARAIVA, ANTONIO M.. Brazilian Campus Ambassador Program as an educational strategy on Planetary Health. In: PLANETARY HEALTH ANNUAL MEETING, October 31 - November 2, 2022, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract... Boston, MA, USA: Planetary Health Alliance, 2022. p. 34-34.

    Abstract: The Brazilian Campus Ambassadors Program (BCAP) of Planetary Health Brazil has the mission of formally recognizing the leaders of the Next Generation in Planetary Health (PH). Throughout the ten months of the program, under the mentoring of professors and researchers, the ambassadors build their PH network and develop organizational and leadership skills. Along the BCAP, the ambassadors acquire skills and tools to take a leading role in their place of action, educate their community, and facilitate collaboration among the existing fields and initiatives on human health and climate change. The target public are undergraduate and graduate students, who acted as multipliers to involve the academic community and the civil society. This way, the BCAP, which is currently in its second edition, works as a strategy to spread the concept of PH in the Brazilian academic environment, giving it a greater capillarity to be inserted in the different areas of education. In 2021, the first edition of the program, we had 249 ambassadors, accompanied by 33 mentors, and 90 of them managed to finish the activities. For 2022, we opted for a smaller intake: 87 ambassadors, accompanied by 23 mentors - to provide more focused mentoring. The result of the 2021 edition was the union of ambassadors from different areas of knowledge in the realization of lectures, online events and lives, workshops, and active participation in the organization and Poster Sessions of PHAM 2021. They learned the value of working together and communicating in an accessible language. At the same time, they learned that we all have our role in PH, broadening their initial vision on the theme. It is worth highlighting the quantity and quality of the ambassadors' activities, even with the limitations imposed COVID-19 pandemic, even generating the insertion of SP content in undergraduate and graduate courses at Brazilian universities.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29535

    MONTEDO, UIARA B.; SANTOS, BARBARA J. dos . Food security and urban gardens, the case of São Paulo/Brazil. In: PLANETARY HEALTH ANNUAL MEETING, October 31 - November 2, 2022, Boston, MA, USA. Abstract... Boston, MA, USA: Planetary Health Alliance, 2022. p. 12-12.

    Abstract: With Covid-19 pandemic, food insecurity in Brazil has become urgent. Since 2020, there has been an increase in unemployment and the closing of schools and day care centers, demanding joint action from society, university, government and companies. Urban and agroecological gardens were highlighted in community actions in the periphery of São Paulo, which has 106 vegetable gardens mapped by the Sampa+Rural program. These gardens are run by solidarity enterprises, which have promoted the delivery of food baskets to vulnerable families. The objective was to enhance the quality of production and ensure healthy food for about 80 families, served by 8 gardens, which contributed to generating income and thus maintaining their dynamics. The methodology consisted of a training cycle from August/21 to April/22, with 5 meetings in each of the 8 participating gardens, covering the planning stages of planting, production, harvest and distribution/marketing. In total, more than 1000 seedlings were planted, ranging from conventional ones (lettuce, arugula, kale, parsley and chives) to seedlings of unconventional food plants, which show a high nutritional level, such as taioba and peixinho. Participants report community gardens as spaces that promote mental health, meeting and reflection, serving as an educational tool in the promotion of significant and permanent social changes, either through the form of production, through the collaborative management process and the fight against local food insecurity. Collective work is one of the ways to overcome food insecurity. It is necessary to take care of volunteers, increase engagement and improve their well-being. Between August and November/22 the focus will be to improve the ergonomic conditions of work in the gardens, to promote well-being and physical safety of those who work there. It is expected to reduce the turnover of participants and improve their comfort, thus contributing to the sustainability of these production systems.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29534

    RODRIGUES, ELAINE A. ; CARVALHO, AMANDA R. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. de ; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. de ; BUSTILLOS, JOSE O.W.V. ; VICTOR, RODRIGO A.B.M.; REZENDE, VERONICA B.S. de. Water and climate in megacities and the contribution of nuclear science and technology to ecosystems and their services. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE, 2nd, January 11-14, 2022, Online. Proceedings... Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO, 2022. p. 687-697.

    Abstract: The loss of the services provided by ecosystems affects the well-being of people and compromises development in its multiple dimensions. In megacities, the promotion of human well-being and the conservation and restoration of ecosystems and their services are urgent global challenges, especially as a function of the growing expansion of water scarcity and its tendency to worsen due to the effects of climate change. This article addresses the growing use and application of nuclear science and technology for the conservation, assessment, and restoration of ecosystems and their services. It focus on water security and climate change, and on how this contributes to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tools based on nuclear science provide solutions for the development of "climate-smart" agricultural methods; the study of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric systems; monitoring how climate change affects the environment and GHG routes, and their distribution and impact on ecosystems, among other aspects. Nuclear technologies are used for wastewater treatment, identification of pollution sources, studies on the quality and quantity of water resources, and adaptation to climate change. The demystification of nuclear science and technology and the increase in collaboration between the ecosystem services and nuclear areas, and society as a whole, are fundamental for facing the global challenges related to water and climate in large cities.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29533

    VICTOR, RODRIGO A.B.M.; RODRIGUES, ELAINE A. ; ROCHA, GUSTAVO C. da; LUCA, EDGAR F. de; METZGER, JEAN P.; CARVALHO, AMANDA R. de; BICUDO, DENISE. São Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve: water security and human well-being. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE, 2nd, January 11-14, 2022, Online. Proceedings... Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO, 2022. p. 1160-1170.

    Abstract: The green belt surrounding São Paulo and Santos metropolises, designated by UNESCO as the São Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve - GBBR (1994), encompasses a population of 25,4 million people in a region responsible for nearly 20% of Brazilian GDP. With approximately 2,33 million hectares, the biosphere reserve and its inner urban area (220 thousand hectares) are host to expressive terrestrial and marine biodiversity, typical to the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. This paper presents the biosphere reserve as a water security territory: it provides around 90% and 100% of the water flows supplying São Paulo and Santos metropolises, respectively. Representing only 7,36% of São Paulo State territory, the GBBR harbors over 70% of the state´s volume for public supply. Spatial analysis shows that most of this volume comes from a few protected areas that act as hydric hotspots. During 2013-2015 Southeastern Brazil and especially São Paulo faced a severe shortage in rainfall that posed threats to the metropolitan water supply, leading to important reflections about the region´s hydric vulnerability. Combining classical built infrastructure with ecological infrastructure (conservation, restoration and sustainable use of its ecosystems) is paramount to ensure the populationʼs water security in the medium and long terms. In this sense, the geographical and conceptual frameworks constituted by the GBBR can provide integrated land management solutions for improving water supply in quantity and quality for such a complex and critical territory.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29532

    RODRIGUES, ELAINE A. ; CARVALHO, AMANDA R. ; CARVALHO, BEATRIZ R.; AQUINO, AFONSO R. de ; MENDONCA, RODRIGO A. de A.; SODRE, MARCELO G.. Megacities, climate vulnerability and environmental displacement: interdependent challenges. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER, MEGACITIES AND GLOBAL CHANGE, 2nd, January 11-14, 2022, Online. Proceedings... Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO, 2022. p. 1149-1159.

    Abstract: Climate change and urbanization are the biggest challenges to be faced by humanity. Between 1950 and 2005, global carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning increased by almost 500% while the level of urbanization increased from 29% to 49%. Urban growth is one of the main factors that cause the increase of natural habitat loss on the planet, which affects the capacity of ecosystems to meet the vital needs of millions of people, including the growing number of international migrants, who are strongly directed to urban areas. Considering the trend of intensification of the effects of climate change, this study assesses the interdependence between urbanization, climate vulnerability and environmental displacement in the megacities of the world, based on the simulation of sea level rise in megacities. Although climate change is a global issue, it is also a local concern, since urban areas play a crucial role in the climate change scenario. As migration policies and urbanization are considered separately, megacities are spaces of high vulnerability, notably given the effects of climate change, and demand the development of coordinated responses to tackle them.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29531

    SILVA, ANDERSON M.B.; RODRIGUES, DANIEL S.; ANTONIO, PATRICIA L. ; JUNOT, DANILO O.; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. ; SOUZA, DIVANIZIA N.. Investigation of dosimetric properties of CaSO4:Mn phosphor prepared using slow evaporation route. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, 22nd., September 19-23, 2022, Zacatecas, Mexico. Proceedings... Zacatecas, Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Irradiacion y Dosimetria, 2022. p. 145-170.

    Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the luminescent properties of CaSO4:Mn synthesized by slow evaporation route. The crystalline structure, morphology, thermal and optical properties of the phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, using thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques, the dosimetric properties of the phosphors, such as emission spectra, glow curve reproducibility, dose-response linearity, fading of the luminescent signal, variation of the TL intensity with the heating rate, OSL decay curves, correlation between TL and OSL emissions and minimum detectable dose (MDD) were comprehensively investigated. For dosimetric analyses, the samples were irradiated with doses from 169 mGy to 10 Gy. The emission band fits with the characteristic line of the Mn2+ emission features, ascribed to 6A1→4T1 transition. CaSO4:Mn pellets present a TL glow curve with a single typical peak centered around 494 nm, an OSL decay curve with predominance of a fast decay component, and a MDD on the order of hundreds of mGy. The luminescent signals showed to be linear and reproducible in the studied dose range. The trapping centers located between 0.83 eV and 1.07 eV were revealed for different heating rates in the TL study. The high TL sensitivity of CaSO4:Mn was proven when comparing with commercially available dosimeters. The luminescent signals exhibit a smaller fading than described in the literature for CaSO4:Mn produced by other methods.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29530

    TRINDADE, FABIANE J.; DAMASCENO, SERGIO; FLORIO, DANIEL Z.; FONSECA, FABIO C. ; FERLAUTO, ANDRE S.. Tuning of shape, defects, and disorder in lanthanum-doped ceria nanoparticles: implications for oxidative coupling of methane. In: CINE CONFERENCE, 3., 18-19 de outubro, 2022, Campinas, SP. Resumo... Campinas, SP: Center for Innovation on New Energies - CINE, 2022.

    Abstract: The instability of petroleum prices and the advancements in extraction technologies of natural gas has increased the interest in the direct conversion of methane to C2 products via oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactions. The design of catalysts by tailoring the structural defects and disorder has a significant impact on their performance. Within this context, in this work, the fine-tuning of oxygen defects in rod-like NPs was performed via La3+ doping (LaxCe1-xO2-1/2), x, in the 10-70 mol% range. The NPs characterization was performed by SEM, HRTEM, XRD, BET and Raman spectroscopy, and the OCM catalytic performance was evaluated at 750 °C. The relative concentration of reagents (CH4 and O2) and products H2, CO, CO2, C2H4, and C2H6 was measured by an online mass spectrometer. XRD and Raman analysis revealed that the CeO2 fluorite crystalline structure is essentially maintained in the doped nanorods, even for x = 0.7. The Raman spectra analysis indicates that La doping results in the formation of extrinsic and intrinsic oxygen defects, which increase proportionally to La concentration. The catalysts showed good performance for OCM with methane conversion up to 32% and C2 selectivity up to 44% for x=0.5. In addition, all catalysts showed high stability within 20h time on stream. The demonstrated structural defect control on La-doped CeO2 NPs can provide important insights to improve the performance of OCM reactions.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29529

    TOMINAGA, F.K. ; BOIANI, N.F. ; SILVA, T.T. ; LEO, P.; BORRELY, S.I. . Application of electron beam irradiation for remediation of pharmaceutical compounds in water. In: CONGRESO ARGENTINO DE LA SOCIEDAD DE TOXICOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL, 8th, March 7-11, 2022, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Abstract... Mar del Plata, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 2022. p. 253-253.

    Abstract: A significant number of pharmaceutical active compounds have been released in the aquatic environment. These compounds are not fully removed from water and wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, these contaminants are not commonly monitored, and they possess the potential to cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Electron Beam Irradiation (EBI) have been applied as an alternatively green method in water management, being efficient for removing organic recalcitrant pollutants at low doses. This work aims to assess the effect of EBI on toxicity of four pharmaceuticals from distinct class (anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, and antidiabetic) using organism from different trophic levels. Acetylsalicylic acid and fluoxetine hydrochloride were obtained from Labsynth (>99.5%) and Divis Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd (98.8%), respectively. Metformin hydrochloride (97%) and ciprofloxacin (>98%) were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich. All aqueous solution were diluted using ultra-pure water. Acute toxicity assays with Daphnia similis and Vibrio fischeri were based on ABNT/NBR standard methods. The evaluated endpoint was immobility and bioluminescence inhibition, respectively. The yeast assays were carried by monitoring of changes in the specific conductivity of suspensions of S. cerevisiae. All the assays were performed in triplicate. The toxicity results of the microcrustacean and the bacteria were expressed in Toxicity Factor. For the yeast, data were analyzed by F-test and t-test using a significance level of 0.05. The UV-Vis spectrum showed changes in all pharmaceutical’s spectrum after irradiation at 2.5 kGy. The toxicity results indicated that the effects varied depending on the organism and the studied pharmaceutical. For acetylsalicylic acid, increase of toxicity was observed for all three the organism. In contrast, for fluoxetine, a great toxicity removal was achieved for D. similis while and for the bacteria and the yeast no changes of toxicity were noted. Regarding metformin, the radiolytic byproducts were only toxic to the microcrustacean, possibly including residual hydrogen peroxide. Finally, for ciprofloxacin, toxicity increase was verified for D. similis and V. fischeri, while detoxification was observed for S. cerevisiae. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated EBI is effective for removing pharmaceuticals and showed the importance of using different organism for toxicity assessment.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29528

    BOIANI, N.F. ; TOMINAGA, F.K. ; SILVA, T.T. ; REDÍGOLO, M.M. ; BORRELY, S.I. . Assessment of binary mixture toxicity of pharmaceuticals of environmental concern to aquatic organisms. In: CONGRESO ARGENTINO DE LA SOCIEDAD DE TOXICOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL, 8th, March 7-11, 2022, Mar del Plata, Argentina. Abstract... Mar del Plata, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 2022. p. 143-143.

    Abstract: Pharmaceutical products have been frequently detected in aquatic environments as mixtures. They may cause direct toxic effects to aquatic organisms and indirect effects on ecosystems, due to interactions which induce additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects. The classical mathematical models of concentration addition and independent action of pollutants have been extensively used for predicting the mixture effects of chemicals of environmental relevance. The objective of this study was to assess the binary mixture toxicity of pharmaceuticals: fluoxetine and propranolol; fluoxetine and sulfadiazine; fluoxetine and caffeine, in acute tests with Daphnia similis carried out based on ABNT/NBR standard methods. The prediction of the acute effects to binary mixture was performed considering the mentioned mathematical models and deviations of them (synergism/antagonism; concentration level-dependent or concentration ratio-dependent), using an automated Excel spreadsheet. For the mixture of propranolol + fluoxetine, the concentration addition model best described the mixture effects, which explained most of the variability of acute toxic responses. Through the concentration level-dependent, synergism at low doses and antagonism at high doses was pointed out. The concentration addition model better described the effects of the binary mixture of sulfadiazine + fluoxetine. Synergism related to the independent action model and an antagonism related to the concentration ratio-depend were identified. For caffeine + fluoxetine mixture, the concentration addition model described slightly better the effects of this binary mixture, synergism concentration level-dependent and dose ratio-dependent were identified. We can conclude that the nature of the interaction between the compounds of a mixture depends on effect level and on the ratio in which each one is applied. Major effects of the binary mixture were detected in the zone between the effects predicted by the evaluated models. The synergism/antagonism or additivity do not depend on the similarity/dissimilarity of the mode of action of the compounds of a mixture, showing a different behaviour respect to the theoretical assumptions.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29527

    SIMOES, A.M.P.; SILVA, R.M.P. ; SUFFREDINI, H.B.; SANTOS, L.F.; BASTOS, I.N.. Naphthenic corrosion using electrochemical and analytical techniques. In: JORNADAS DE CORROSÃO E PROTEÇÃO DE MATERIAIS, 8th, November 24, 2022, Lisboa, Portugal. Proceedings... Lisboa, Portugal: LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, 2022. p. 29-30. DOI: 10.34637/4cw4-w798

    Abstract: Naphthenic acid corrosion of steel was studied in a stagnant, biphasic oil/aqueous phase system, by means of electrochemical measurements and surface analysis. Corrosion was restricted to the region of the aqueous phase, as crater-shaped pits that eventually coalesced, generating a nearly uniform attack in the vicinity of the oil phase. In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals the processes occurring at the aqueous phase, which nevertheless increase with the fraction of oil phase and with degree of acidity of the oil.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29526

    ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de; CAMPERA, ALEXSSANDRA A.A. ; MARUMO, JULIO T. ; GUILHEN, SABINE N. . Methylene blue biosorption by bone meal using experimental design. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO SOBRE ADSORÇÃO, 14., 23-25 de novembro, 2022, Brasília, DF. Anais... Recife, PE: Even3, 2022.

    Abstract: This study aims at expanding the knowledge on the applicability of bone meal powder (BMP), and assess its potential as an adsorbent material for methylene blue (MB) removal, a toxic textile dye. BMP is a low-cost material still little studied for the adsorption of contaminants in aqueous media. In this work, we employed the 2k experimental design (k = 3) to systematically explore the most important process parameters, which were pH of the MB solution, initial MB concentration in solution and biosorbent dosage (mass of biosorbent/volume of contaminated solutions).

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  • IPEN-DOC 29525

    GUILHEN, SABINE N. ; MARTINS, GABRIEL F. ; MARUMO, JULIO T. ; ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de. Anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions using standard biochars: preliminary study. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO SOBRE ADSORÇÃO, 14., 23-25 de novembro, 2022, Brasília, DF. Anais... Recife, PE: Even3, 2022.

    Abstract: One of the most serious problems related to water pollution by the textile, plastics, leather and food industries, among others, is the emission of aqueous effluents containing dyes. The most commercially used dyes are resistant to biodegradation, photodegradation and the action of oxidizing agents. The presence of dyes in water bodies can significantly and adversely affect the photosynthesis of aquatic plants by reducing the penetration of sunlight. In addition, they can be toxic to certain forms of aquatic life. Treatment of aqueous effluents containing dyes can involve a variety of materials and techniques, of which adsorption stands out for its simplicity, low cost and efficiency. In this study, standard biochars derived from wheat straw (WSP), oil seed rape straw (OSR) and Miscanthus straw (MSP), obtained at two different pyrolytic temperatures (550 °C and 700 °C), were investigated as adsorptive materials for remazol black (RB) dye. Maximum adsorption capacities were obtained at a dosage of 5 g L-1 for most of the BCs, except for MSP550, for which the dosage of 10 g L-1 achieved the highest performance. pH effect indicated that most of the adsorptive functionalities of the BCs are favored at pH 5. The steps currently in progress refer to the experimental design for the optimization of adsorption parameters and will be added in the full paper.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29524

    NOGUEIRA, MARIA S.; SQUAIR, PETERSON L.; ENGLER, CAMILA; GOMES, DANIELE S.; LEYTON, FERNANDO; HWANG, SUY; SILVEIRA, RENATA; SILVEIRA, ROSANGELA C.; SOUZA, DIVANIZIA N.; POTIENS, MARIA P.A. . Evaluation of the mean glandular dose for digital breast tomosynthesis and Full-Field Digital Mammography in Brazil. In: EUROPEAN RADIATION PROTECTION WEEK, October 9-14, 2022, Estoril, Portugal. Abstract... 2022.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29523

    NASCIMENTO, G. ; CAMPOS, L.L. ; CAMPOS, V.P. . Characterization of the reproducibility of LiF:Mg, Ti dosimeters and the radiator system in the quantity Hp(0.07). In: EUROPEAN RADIATION PROTECTION WEEK, October 9-14, 2022, Estoril, Portugal. Proceedings... 2022.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29522

    SOUZA, L.P.; JESUS, J.M.S.; TOMINAGA, F.K. ; RAMOS, B.; BORRELY, S.I. ; TEIXEIRA, A.C.S.C.. Investigation of persulfate-based AOPs to decontaminate water with a mixture of fluoxetine and levonorgestrel. In: IBEROAMERICAN CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES, 5th, November 7-11, 2022, Cusco, Peru. Proceedings... 2022. p. 242-243.

    Abstract: This work reports a study on two forms of persulfate activation (solar irradiation and anodic oxidation-AO) for the degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A solution containing a mixture of levonorgestrel and fluoxetine ([LNG]0 = 0.29 ± 0.03 mg L-1; [FLX]0 = 5.02 ± 0.34 mg L-1) was treated with persulfate ([PS]0 = 0.07 mol L-1) and irradiated or electrolyzed for 60 min under similar conditions. The results revealed similar decays of APIs in the two activation forms studied, solar/PS (k LNG = 6.6 × 10-2 min-1; k FLX = 7.7 × 10-2 min-1) and AO/PS (k LNG = 7.8 × 10-2 min-1; k FLX = 9.7 × 10-2 min-1), with slightly better results for the electrochemical process. However, acute toxicity accessed with Daphnia similis indicated that AO/PS provided a three-fold increase in the values of toxic units.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29521

    VICENTE, MARCOS A.A.H.; SILVA, LEONARDO G.A. ; LIMA, NELSON B. ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; BERNUSSI, AYRTON; SARMENTO, BRUNO; BARBOSA, ISABELLA T.F.; MUNHOZ JUNIOR, ANTONIO H.. Synthesis of pseudoboehmite nanoparticles and use in simvastatin drug delivery. Defect and Diffusion Forum, v. 420, p. 141-151, 2022. DOI: 10.4028/p-04240m

    Abstract: Pseudoboehmite is an aluminium compound with a structure similar to that of boehmite. The unit cell of the pseudoboehmite is slightly larger than that of the boehmite because of the greater incorporation of water in the same structure [1]. It has particles of nanometric dimensions and can be synthesized with extremely high purity. Several papers published in the literature show the potential of using this material in the controlled release of drugs, including cancer treatment [2,3]. Using drugs in complexes incorporated into polymer matrices and ceramic gels can lead to adequate control of gastrointestinal absorption when administered orally. Consequently, there is the possibility of promoting a gradual action through the progressive release of the drug, thus increasing its efficiency and reducing dose and toxicity. Previous studies have shown that pseudoboehmite is non-toxic and can be used for drug delivery. During the tests to determine the toxicity of this material, it was observed that the blood glucose content was reduced in mice that took pseudoboehmite by gavage. Since pseudoboehmite is obtained via low-cost inorganic synthesis, different physicochemical characteristics can be incorporated into this high purity medium. The formed structure was evaluated as a drug delivery system to establish a profile of the influence of the physicochemical properties of a molecule in the process of interaction with pseudoboehmite, a drug with recognized pharmacological activity, simvastatin (IUPAC name (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate) was choose. It also emphasizes the importance of pseudoboehmite as a drug carrier, serving as a precursor to new therapeutic systems. The synthesis of pseudoboehmite from ammonium hydroxide and aluminium nitrate was optimized to release simvastatin in vitro. After absorption and hydrolysis in the liver to form the active β-hydroxy acid metabolite, simvastatin acts as a potent reversible, competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an early and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29520

    COUTO, CAMILA P. ; BAERT, KITTY; COSTA, ISOLDA ; PANOSSIAN, ZEHBOUR; DE GRAEVE, IRIS; TERRYN, HERMAN; ROSSI, JESUALDO L. ; REVILLA, REYNIER I.. The hot-stamping effect on the corrosion properties of the 22MnB5 steel coated with hot-dip aluminum-silicon assessed by a salt spray test and Raman spectroscopy. Corrosion, v. 78, n. 4, p. 339-349, 2022. DOI: 10.5006/4016

    Abstract: The effect of hot stamping on the corrosion properties of boron-manganese 22MnB5 steel coated with hot-dip aluminum-silicon was evaluated under severe conditions by a continuous salt spray test (SST). The corrosion mechanism changed from localized to generalized, as cathodic precipitates were not present after hot stamping. Intrinsic defects in press-hardened steel samples were the reason for severe damage in both metallic coating and steel substrate under SST conditions. The red rust formed at the top surface, characterized as different iron-based compounds, is due to both the iron diffusion from the steel substrate toward the surface and the corrosion of the steel substrate.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29519

    GUSMAO, CAROLINA de A.; BORGES, LAURA T.; PALHARIM, PRISCILA H.; OTUBO, LARISSA ; RODRIGUES, ORLANDO ; GOUVEA, DOUGLAS; RAMOS, BRUNO; TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO C.S.C.. Synthesis, characterization, and application of Pt/PtO2-TiO2/SiO2 materials on a continuous flow packed bed microreactor for enhanced photocatalytic activity under sunlight. Water, v. 14, n. 23, p. 1-18, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/w14233864

    Abstract: The present work aimed at the development of Pt-TiO2/SiO2 materials applied to the degradation of a pharmaceutical pollutant in a fixed-bed microreactor in continuous mode. First, a wide investigation of the optimal platinum content in TiO2/SiO2 was carried out based on extensive characterization through XRD, DRS, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques. For the content range studied, no significant changes were observed in the crystallinity of the material, with peaks related to the anatase phase and PtO2 in the diffractograms. SEM images combined with EDS spectra indicated the presence of platinum and a large heterogeneity in the particles. MET analyses showed PtO2 nanoparticles in close contact with TiO2, allowing the formation of a type II heterojunction. XPS showed platinum in the 0 and +4 oxidation states, suggesting that platinum metal and PtO2 are both present. Regarding the degradation experiments, the optimal catalyst achieved 81% degradation of acetaminophen for a residence time of 1 h, while the catalyst without platinum reached only 27% degradation. The catalyst activity dropped from 81 to 57% in 2 h and remained stable for six reuse cycles. Increasing the inlet flow rate and concentration reduced the pollutant degradation although there was an increase in the reaction rate. Finally, a photocatalytic mechanism was proposed in which a type II heterojunction was developed, with generation of hydroxyl radicals by the positive holes in the VB of TiO2 as well as superoxide radicals by the electrons in the CB of PtO2.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29518

    TASSO, ORION G. ; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B. ; SILVA, ANA C.K. de S. ; MEDEIROS, JOSE A.G. de ; SILVA, DALTON G.N. da . Comparação de desempenho do espectrômetro portátil de fluorescência de raios-X utilizando alvos de Au e Ag para análise de amostras na área da saúde / Performance comparison of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer using Au and Ag targets for sample analysis in healthcare. Revista Remecs, v. 7, n. 13, p. 29-40, 2022. DOI: 10.24281/rremecs2022.7.13.29-40

    Abstract: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho do espectrômetro portátil e compacto de Fluorescência de Raios-X (pFRX), para dosagem de íons em amostras biológicas de interesse na área da saúde (prioritariamente fluidos corpóreos como soro e urina), utilizando alvos de Prata (Ag) e Ouro (Au). O foco das comparações foi direcionado às análises quantitativas de elementos de relevância clínica e nutricional (prioritariamente a dosagem de Ca, Cl, Fe, K, P e S). Para este estudo foram avaliados (para cada alvo) os parâmetros: linearidade, reprodutibilidade, acurácia, sensibilidade e limite de detecção. Essas investigações permitiram a realização de um estudo comparativo entre os alvos, com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios que permitem a escolha adequada do alvo (Ag e/ou Au), agilizando as medidas além de fornecer resultados mais precisos. Os resultados de FRX em soro e urina formam comparados com as dosagens obtidas pela técnica de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons e apresentaram boa concordância.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29517

    ARAUJO, MARCIO M. de ; SALAS, FERNANDO J.S.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Marcação de insetos para estudos biológicos / Insect marking for biological studies. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, v. 121, n. 1, p. 1-14, 2022. DOI: 10.24215/16699513e093

    Abstract: A técnica de marcação permite estudar os comportamentos e interações ecológicas dos insetos, como por exemplo padrões de dispersão, movimento, territorialidade, manuseio, consumo de alimentos, associações vetor-parasita, e cadeias ou teias alimentares. Essa revisão descreve as vantagens e desvantagens dos marcadores, destacando três métodos cujo diferencial é a permanência no inseto independente do estágio de vida. Os radioisótopos minimizam a manipulação direta e o trauma nos insetos, podem ser aplicados em grandes populações e são facilmente rastreáveis, porém o seu descarte limita a aplicação em campo. Os isótopos estáveis ocorrem naturalmente no ambiente, não são radioativos e estão relacionados à estudos ecológicos de níveis tróficos e processos metabólicos, dentre os elementos mais são utilizados, os isótopos de carbono refletem principalmente a dieta dos animais; os isótopos de nitrogênio refletem as práticas agrícolas (extensiva x intensiva) e em parte a dieta. Os isótopos de oxigênio e hidrogênio são vinculados à composição isotópica da água que, por sua vez, é dependente de fatores geográficos tais como altitude, clima e latitude. Por sua vez, os oligoelementos também são utilizados como marcadores internos (não radioativos) e podem variar de acordo com a localização geográfica alterando as quantidades encontradas nas plantas e insetos. Portanto, a busca de uma melhor metodologia que permita detectar a correlação dos insetos com o homem e o meio ambiente depende do tipo de estudo a ser realizado.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29516

    AQUINO, SIMONE ; SILVA, FRANCISCO C. de M. e. Rare and opportunistic mycosis by Nigrospora spp. in a calf / Micose rara e oportunista por Nigrospora spp. em bezerra. Journal of Veterinary Science and Public Health, v. 9, n. 1, p. 122-132, 2022. DOI: 10.4025/revcivet.v9i1.56871

    Abstract: Os fungos estão presentes em diferentes ambientes, onde homens e animais estão expostos, como no solo, plantas e no ar. No entanto, fungos ambientais podem se tornar oportunistas e causar graves lesões de pele, oculares, pulmonares, micetomas, dentre outras, visto que as micoses oportunistas estão associadas às condições imunológicas do hospedeiro. O fungo do gênero Nigrospora é raramente considerado um patógeno oportunista ou agente primário de micoses. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever uma rara micose oportunista de pele, causada por Nigrospora em um bezerro de seis meses, fêmea, com escore de condição corporal ruim devido à desnutrição. Amostras de pele foram inoculadas em placas de Petri contendo ágar Sabouraud e após sete dias de incubação a 25(±2) ºC, lâminas de cultura examinadas em microscopia ótica com azul de lactofenol permitiram a identificação de estruturas conidiais de Nigrospora spp. Com a aplicação tópica semanal de solução a 1% de iodóforo, o animal apresentou a completa remissão dos sintomas após oito semanas.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29515

    MAZER, AMANDA C. ; YORIYAZ, HELIO . Avaliação de registro de imagem realizado com e sem pontos de referência extraídos através da técnica SIFT / Image registration assessment performed with and without landmarks extracted using SIFT technique. Revista Brasileira de Física Médica, v. 16, p. 1-8, 2022. DOI: 10.29384/rbfm.2022.v16.19849001676

    Abstract: Em Radioterapia Guiada por Imagem (IGRT), é comum a aquisição de diversas imagens de um paciente e, por consequência, a realização de registro de imagem para a comparação entre elas. Devido a isso, é fundamental que sejam realizados tanto um bom registro quanto um bom controle da qualidade (CQ) do registro. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar um registro de imagem quando realizado com e sem pontos de referência. Para isso, imagens de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de um paciente da radioterapia foram utilizadas para realizar registros rígido e elástico, com e sem pontos de referência. A técnica Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) foi utilizada para desenvolver um algoritmo para a extração semiautomática de pontos-chave estáveis das imagens, tanto para os registros quanto para a avaliação de tais registros. Através dos valores de erro médio, erro máximo e Informação Mútua (IM) encontrados, foi possível verificar um melhor alinhamento das imagens quando realizado o registro partindo inicialmente dos pontos de referência extraídos, em comparação com o alinhamento realizado sem esses pontos de referência. A SIFT mostrou ser uma ótima ferramenta para realizar ambas as tarefas e, quando possível, o profissional da clínica deve realizar um bom CQ quantitativo de registro, considerando pontos de referência distribuídos pelas imagens.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29514

    SILVA FILHO, JORGE C.; SILVA, SUELANNY C. da; VENANCIO, EVERALDO C.; TAKIISHI, HIDETOSHI ; ABE, IGOR Y.; SOARES, EDSON P. ; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; REY, JOSE F.Q.; MARTINEZ, LUIS G. ; ESCOTE, MARCIA T.. Aplicação de derivados de grafeno em baterias e ímãs permanentes / Application of graphene derivatives in batteries and permanent magnets. Revista da ABPN, v. 14, n. 41, p. 124-142, 2022. DOI: 10.31418/2177-2770.2022.v14.n41.p124-142

    Abstract: O presente trabalho aborda o estudo sobre a importância tecnológica dos compostos de grafeno, evidenciando a síntese, a caracterização do óxido de grafeno (GO) e óxido de grafeno reduzido (rGO) e suas aplicações em baterias e imãs permanentes de neodímio-ferro-boro. Os resultados de difração de raios-X mostraram a presença de apenas um pico em aproximadamente 2θ = 11°, o qual corresponde ao conjunto de planos de GO em (002). Os resultados das aplicações são: O eletrodo negativo da Bateria2 com 1% de adição de GO apresentou uma capacidade de descarga de 397,03 mAh/g e maior estabilidade cíclica durante os 30 ciclos. No caso dos imãs, o imã2, com 0,1% em massa de rGO mostrou os maiores valores de Br = 10,42 T, BHmax = 21,19 MGOe, ρ = 7135 kg m-3 e FQ = 0,63.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29513

    USSUI, VALTER ; LAZAR, DOLORES R.R. ; LIMA, NELSON B. de ; ARATA, ANELYSE ; RIBEIRO, FABIO N.; DALPIAN, GUSTAVO M.; MARCHI, JULIANA ; PASCHOAL, JOSE O.A. . Room temperature plasticity of zirconia-yttria-titania ceramics: experimental indications and structural modelling. Processing and Application of Ceramics, v. 16, n. 4, p. 367-373, 2022. DOI: 10.2298/PAC2204367U

    Abstract: Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics have excellent mechanical properties. However, such materials cannot undergo plastic deformation at room temperature due to their high hardness and brittleness values, hindering machinability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a zirconia-yttria-titania ceramics, based on zirconia containing 3mol% yttria and up to 15mol% titania. The zirconia-yttria-titania powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method, uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1400°C/5 h. Sample characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties through Vickers hardness and toughness measurements. Compared to the Y-TZP ceramics, the yttria stabilised tetragonal zirconia ceramics co-doped with 10mol%Ti showed noticeable increase of tetragonality parameter, higher toughness and lower hardness values, indicating plasticity at room temperature. Furthermore, the atomistic simulation by Density Functional Theory methodology suggests the occurrence of spatial arrangement of the atoms, explaining the proposed plasticity.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29512

    MARCONDES, POLLYANA; ROSAS, GISELA H.; GONZALEZ, MARIA E.L.; QUEIROZ, ALVARO A.A. de ; MARQUES, PAULO S.. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(glycerol) dendrimer hydrogel mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Polímeros, v. 32, n. 3, p. 1-9, 2022. DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20220025

    Abstract: In this paper, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(glycerol) dendrimer hydrogel incorporated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (PVA/PGLD-AgNPs) using Cinnamomum verum extract as the reducting agent (Cz-extract). The Cz-extract was prepared using ultrasonic technique. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectra of Cz-extract confirmed the presence of cinnamaldehyde. PVA/PGLD-AgNPs films were prepared using 5, 10 and 20 mL of Cz-extract and characterized by UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface plasmon resonance band in the UV-vis spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of silver, with average crystallite sizes calculated by Scherrer equal to 13.64 nm, 16.63nm and 20.27 nm for AgNPs prepared with 5 mL, 10 mL and 20 mL of Cz-extract, respectively. AgNPs release kinetic was studied by Korsmeyer– Peppas model. The antimicrobial results revealed that the PVA/PGLD-AgNPs hydrogels showed good antibacterial activity behavior against Escherichia coli.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29511

    UMBELINO, U.; LICHTENTHALER, R.; SANTOS, O.C.B.; PIRES, K.C.C.; SERRA, A.S.; SCARDUELLI, V.; LARA, A.L. de; ZEVALLOS, E.O.N.; ZAMORA, J.C.; LEPINE-SZILY, A.; SHORTO, J.M.B. ; ASSUNCAO, M.; ZAGATTO, V.A.B.. Quasielastic scattering of light radioactive and stable projectiles on 9Be. Physical Review C, v. 106, n. 5, p. 054602-1 - 054602-15, 2022. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.106.054602

    Abstract: Quasielastic scattering angular distributions of radioactive (8Li, 7,10Be, and 8,12B) and stable (6,7Li, 9Be, and 11B) projectiles on a 9Be target are presented. The angular distributions have been analyzed by the optical model using Woods-Saxon form factor and São Paulo potential. Total reaction cross sections have been obtained from the optical model analysis and a comparison between different systems is presented. Coupled channels (CC), coupled reaction channels (CRC), and continuum-discretized coupled channels (CDCC) calculations have been performed to investigate the effect of the cluster configuration in the projectile inelastic excitation, breakup, and stripping reactions on the quasielastic angular distributions.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29510

    PEDROSA, TULIO de L.; FAROOQ, SAJID ; ARAUJO, RENATO E. de. Selecting high-performance gold nanorods for photothermal conversion. Nanomaterials, v. 12, n. 23, p. 1-11, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/nano12234188

    Abstract: In this work, we establish a new paradigm on identifying optimal arbitrarily shaped metallic nanostructures for photothermal applications. Crucial thermo-optical parameters that rule plasmonic heating are appraised, exploring a nanoparticle size-dependence approach. Our results indicate two distinct figures of merit for the optimization of metallic nanoheaters, under both non-cumulative femtosecond and continuum laser excitation. As a case study, gold nanorods are evaluated for infrared photothermal conversion in water, and the influence of the particle length and diameter are depicted. For non-cumulative femtosecond pulses, efficient photothermal conversion is observed for gold nanorods of small volumes. For continuous wave (CW) excitation at 800 nm and 1064 nm, the optimal gold nanorod dimensions (in water) are, respectively, 90 × 25nm and 150 × 30 nm. Figure of Merit (FoM) variations up to 700% were found considering structures with the same peak wavelength. The effect of collective heating is also appraised. The designing of high-performance plasmonic nanoparticles, based on quantifying FoM, allows a rational use of nanoheaters for localized photothermal applications.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29509

    FONSECA, DANIELA P.M. da; CARVALHO, LEANDRO G. de; LIMA, NELSON B. de ; PADILHA, ANGELO F.. Austenite formation in the oxidized layer of ultra-high-strength 13Ni15Co10Mo maraging steel. Metals, v. 12, n. 12, p. 1-10, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/met12122115

    Abstract: Maraging steels are precipitation hardening alloys that can achieve an ultra-high yield strength (~3 GPa), however associated with low toughness. During exposure to high temperatures, an oxidation process occurs on the surface of these steels, generally, the oxides formed are hematite and/or magnetite. The aim of this study was to investigate oxidation on a maraging 13Ni15Co10Mo at annealing temperature of 900 °C. The bulk microstructure was investigated by several complementary techniques and the oxidized surface was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the bulk microstructure, at annealed condition, consists of a lath martensite with a hardness of round 400 HV. The most external and oxidized surface contains the oxides hematite, magnetite and kamiokite. Finally, the presence of austenite was detected in the first 2 μm below the surface. Chemical microanalysis indicated that the austenite is stable at room temperature in this region due a composition gradient that makes this region rich in nickel and cobalt. The composition gradient is due atom diffusion during oxides formation. Austenite near to the surface is very convenient as it could avoid crack initiation and propagation, improving toughness.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29508

    SILVA, RITA C.A. ; MOREIRA, EDSON G. ; OLIVEIRA, PAULO T.M.S.; THEOPHILO, CAROLINA Y.S. ; SILVA, PAULO S.C. ; SANCHES, THAIS C.; COIMBRA, AMANDA A.; BIANCHI, TICIANA Z.D.; SAIKI, MITIKO . Temporal trends (2006–2019) of metals and nonmetals in livers of great egrets (Ardea alba) from the São Paulo metropolitan region. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 331, n. 12, p. 5701-5707, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08634-1

    Abstract: Temporal trends (2006–2019) of metals (Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb and Zn) and nonmetals (Br, Cl and Se) were assessed in livers of great egrets (Ardea alba) from São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Male and female concentrations were compared and the relation between body mass and contaminant levels was evaluated as well as the risks of contaminant levels for the birds. Large variations were observed for toxic elements (Cd and Hg) over time. Some specimens presented toxic levels of Hg, Cu, Fe and Zn. Females presented lower concentrations of Br, Co, Cs, Rb, Se and Zn, while body mass and Zn were negatively correlated.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29507

    SUSSA, FÁBIO V. ; FURLAN, MARCOS R.; VICTORINO, MARCOS; FIGUEIRA, RUBENS C.L.; SILVA, PAULO S.C. . Essential and non‑essential elements in lettuce produced on a rooftop urban garden in São Paulo metropolitan region (Brazil) and assessment of human health risks. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 331, n. 12, p. 5869-5879, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08661-y

    Abstract: This study evaluated the essential and non-essential elements in lettuce cultivated on a rooftop urban garden in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. In addition, the human health risks associated with the potentially toxic metals based on the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quotient (THQ), and the possible sources of heavy metal contamination by multivariate statistical were analyzed. The lettuces contain essential macronutrients such as K, Ca, and Mg. The Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations did not exceed the Brazilian legislation limit. Ba, Ni, Cr, Co, and Pb presented low levels compared to oral reference dose and they may be associated to vehicles emissions. Both EDI and THQ values suggested minimal risk upon consumption of lettuce.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29506

    SANTOS, R.F. dos; MUNHOZ, M.G.; MORALLES, M. ; SERRA FILHO, L.A.; BREGANT, M.; SOUZA, F.A. . Development of a fast simulator for GEM-based neutron detectors. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 2374, p. 1-4, 2022. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012160

    Abstract: Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detectors using a layer of 10B as a neutron converter is becoming popular for thermal neutron detection. A common strategy to simulate this kind of detector is based on two frameworks: Geant4 and Gar eld++. The rst one provides the simulation of the nuclear interaction between neutrons and the 10B layer, while the second allows the simulation of the interaction of the reaction products with the detector gas leading to the ionization and excitation of the gas molecules. Given the high ionizing power of these nuclear reaction products, a full simulation is very time consuming and must be optimized to become viable. In this work, we present a strategy to develop a fast simulator based on these two frameworks that will allow us to generate enough data for a proper evaluation of the expected performance and optimization of this kind of detector. We will show the rst results obtained with this tool concentrating on its validation and performance.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29505

    KOMATSU, LUIZ G.H. ; CAJADO, GIUSEPPE M. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Effects of silver addition in zinc oxide nanoparticles on films of HMSPP/SEBS against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli contamination. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B, v. 12, n. 7-9, p. 108-116, 2022. DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2022.7-9.004

    Abstract: In this research we decided to analyze the addition of silver (Ag°) on zinc oxide (ZnO) utilizing two nanoparticles: the synthesized zinc oxide-doped-silver nanoparticles (ZnO/Ag_Lab) utilizing the zinc nitrate as metal precursor for ZnO and silver nitrate as metal precursor for Ag°; and the commercial nanoparticle ZnO/Ag. For the study of application of the nanoparticles, they were processed in the form of films and the polymer utilized was the blend of HMSPP (high melt strength polypropylene) and styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene. For the study of nanoparticles, they were submitted to biocide tests against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC8739) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). The XRD analysis results indicated, in both of nanoparticles, with the presence of wurtzite phase of ZnO, being that on the commercial nanoparticles the intensity of peak was higher than that of synthesized one, on other hand, the peaks attributed to Ag°, were more intense in the synthesized nanoparticle.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29504

    SOUZA, ARMANDO C.; ARISTONE, FLAVIO; SANTANA, ALEXANDRE N.; MIYAI, ADALTON; CIONE, FRANCISCO C. ; TSAKIROPOULOS, PANOS; ROSSI, JESUALDO L. . Characterization and determination of the gamma radiation attenuation coefficient in the W20Cu3Ni metallic alloy to be applied in the transport of radioactive substances. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 21, p. 951-960, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.09.083

    Abstract: The final responsibility of civil society protection regarding the nuclear sector in every country is a local/national governmental duty. The way this task is wielded changes little from country to country. The principal concern is to reduce the exposure of people to sources that eventually emit radiation. The shield used for this purpose is called biological shielding. The W20Cu3Ni metallic alloy was obtained using W powder as a matrix and the infiltrating elements Cu and Ni and subjected to sintering processes at different temperatures. All samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main objective of this work is to determine the gamma radiation attenuation coefficients of the W20Cu3Ni metallic alloy subjected to different sintering temperatures. The determination of the alloy attenuation coefficient was performed using an experiment set up with a source of cobalt (Co-60), which emits characteristic energy peaks of 1.173 MeV and 1.332 MeV. The gamma rays are focused to reach the detector and the resulting photons are counted for 1800 s in three situations. Initially, the gamma rays are directed to the detector in a free path. The second experiment consists of using pure tungsten to shield the radiation, i.e., all gamma rays have to pass through it before entering the detector. Finally, the metallic alloy replaces tungsten, and the same measurements are done. Despite the amount of copper and nickel present in the final sample, the results obtained for this new metallic alloy are very satisfactory. The measurements of the gamma attenuation coefficient in the W20Cu3Ni metallic alloy at different temperatures, showed significant results, ie, a difference between 7.08% and 14.63% lower than the attenuation coefficient of pure tungsten used as a reference. Therefore, this new W20Cu3Ni metal alloy has excellent potential for application in shielding systems and in the transport of substances with high nuclear activity used in the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29503

    MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; OLIVEIRA, MERCIA L.; MENEZES, MARIO O. ; POZZO, LORENA . Exploratory analysis of a Brazilian real-world open database applied to prostate cancer. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, v. 38, S1, p. S97-S98, 2022. DOI: 10.1017/S0266462322002835

    Abstract: Introduction. Prostate cancer was the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The incidence rates vary substantially in countries with different Human Development Indexes (HDI), while the mortality rates decrease with improved access to the health system, availability of therapies and earlier detection. Worldwide, population-based cancer registries are important tools for planning and managing health systems. The Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo (FOSP) is responsible to collect, clean and publicize data from cancer treatment institutions. This study aimed to describe retrospectively the demographic and clinical profile of prostate cancer (PC) in Brazil using this database. It is not an incidence study as data is representative only from specific institutions. Methods. This was a retrospective observational study of the years 2000 to 2020 from analysis of the publicly available FOSP database (http://www.fosp.saude.sp.gov.br). The records were extracted, merged, and cleaned using a fully documented and validated data process. Only patients included on the register with a primary PC diagnosis were considered. Results. From January 2010 to June 2020, there were 943,660 patients diagnosed with C61 in FOSP database for the considered time period. The majority of the FOSP database records are from patients who live and/or were born in SP (91.8 and 58.4%, respectively) orMG(2.8 and 10.5%, respectively). The mean age of PC at baseline was 69 years. Considering the stage of the disease, the mean ages are 55, 70, 67, 66 and 61, for stages 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This cohort was also analyzed in relation to treatments received, and status at the end of treatment (51.3% are disease-free, 18.4% are alive with cancer, and 30.3% are dead). Conclusions. FOSP population-based cancer registries are a powerful tool to obtain information for planning, and improving the management of healthcare services especially for São Paulo.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29502

    SARDO, ARIANE V.N. ; ANDRADE, MAIRA F. ; FIGUEIREDO, ANAELIZA; ROSIN, FLAVIA C.P.; CORREA, LUCIANA; ZEZELL, DENISE M. . Does photobiomodulation affects CK10 and CK14 in oral mucositis radioinduced repair?. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 23, n. 24, p. 1-9, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415611

    Abstract: The mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation (PBM) in oral mucositis (OM) are not completely elucidated. To enlighten the role of PBM in the evolution of epithelial maturity in OM ulcers, the present study evaluated the effect of PBM with red ( ) wavelength of 660 nanometers (nm) and infrared of 780 nm in radio-induced OM wounds on the tongue of rats, eight and twenty days after irradiation with single dose of 20 Gy. The percentage area corresponding to positive staining for cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and 14 (CK14) proteins was evaluated in the epithelial area of the lesions, using an immunohistochemical technique (IHC), 8 and 20 days after the induction of lesions, and compared with an untreated control group. CK10 was significantly more expressed in the group treated with 660 nm PBM. CK14 did not show quantitative differences between the groups evaluated. However, whereas in the groups treated with PBM, CK14 was already restricted to the basal layer of the epithelium, as expected in healthy epithelia, in control group it was also expressed in upper layers of the epithelium. In this work, PBM was able to improve epithelial maturity of the repaired OM wound, especially in the 660 nm group.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29501

    ARAUJO, JOAO V. ; MILAGRE, MARIANA X. ; GABBARDO, ALINE D. ; KLUMPP, RAFAEL E. ; COSTA, ISOLDA . The effect of tartaric-sulfuric acid (TSA) anodizing on the corrosion resistance of the AA7475-T761. ECS Meeting Abstracts, v. MA2022-02, 2022. DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-02142475mtgabs

    Abstract: The microstructure of the high strength aluminum alloy, AA7475–T761, in the as-received condition was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and statistical analyses of grain size and micrometer precipitates distribution and density were performed. An anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film was potentiostatically grown on the alloy in tartaric sulfuric acid (TSA). The anodizing behavior of the alloy and the mechanisms of localized corrosion initiation and propagation in bare (not anodized) and anodized conditions were discussed. The alloy corrosion behavior was investigated in sodium chloride solutions using electrochemical techniques (cyclic potentiodynamic polarization) and the morphology and extent of corrosion propagation was investigated through optical microscopy, optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy analyses. It was observed that the two alloy surface conditions (bare and anodized) play different roles in the propagation of the localized corrosion process. The bare alloy presented lower localized corrosion potentials and the propagation of the localized corrosion was shallower, but more heavily distributed, than in the anodized condition. However, the alloy in the anodized condition presented lower repassivation potentials due to the deeper pits formed. In addition, the variability of pitting potentials for the anodized condition was high, due to the heterogenous structure of the AAO film formed, and dependent on the time and drying storage conditions previous to electrochemical characterizations. The electrochemical results were correlated with the microstructural characteristics of the oxide surface film of the alloy in both conditions, bare (not anodized) and anodized.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29500

    BORDON, ISABELLA C.; LIMA, MARIANA ; ABESSA, DENIS M.S.; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T. ; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; ULRICH, JOAO C. ; TAKAHASHI, CAMILA K.; SILVA, JOSE R.M.C. da. The Brumadinho mining disaster: immediate impacts of mine tailings 5 days after the dam rupture. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, v. 17, n. 2, p. 37-45, 2022. DOI: 10.5132/eec.2022.02.05

    Abstract: The rupture of the Córrego do Feijão Dam close to Brumadinho municipality is one of the recent and most devastating environmental disaster in Brazil. This study aims to report the results of metal determinations and acute toxicity assays of mining tailing samples collected 5 days after the dam rupture. Concentrations of As, Cu and Ni in site 1 (close to the dam); concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb in site 2 (Solo Sagrado) and As, Cd and Cr in the three replicates of site 3 (Mario Campos municipality) were higher than TEL reference value. The Cd concentration in of site 1, and As, Cd and Ni concentrations in of site 2 were higher than the PEL reference value, indicating effective effects of these metals to biota. Corroborating with previous studies, the Uranium contamination was detected close to Solo Sagrado. However, the evaluation of radionuclides came to the absence of relevant radioactivity. Regarding the ecotoxicological assays, survivor percentages of Daphnia similis were lower than the lab control in sites 2 and 3. Thus, results support concerns regarding environmental recovery, which can take years to occur. Monitoring of biota, abiotic and physical-chemical parameters should be performed continually.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29499

    PALHARIM, PRISCILA H.; CAIRA, MARIA C.D.A.; GUSMAO, CAROLINA de A.; RAMOS, BRUNO; SANTOS, GABRIEL T. dos; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, ORLANDO ; TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO C.S.C.. Effect of temperature and time on the hydrothermal synthesis of WO3-AgCl photocatalysts regarding photocatalytic activity. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, v. 188, p. 935-953, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.10.045

    Abstract: Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an important and promising alternative for efficient water and wastewater treatment processes. The synthesis of composite materials has attracted attention due to their improved photocatalytic activity and stability. In the present work, composites made of WO3-AgCl were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The evaluation of the effects of reaction temperature and synthesis time for this composite is reported for the first time. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, BET, UV–vis DRS, XPS, EPR and PL. All photocatalysts showed broad-spectrum activity due to their strong absorption in the UV region and some absorption in the visible region. The morphology of the materials was highly influenced by the synthesis temperature and time, which affected the photocatalytic efficiency. All materials exhibited good photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight, with maximum acetaminophen removal of 99.6% for the catalyst synthesized at 120 °C and 12 h. Stability tests showed considerable stability after four cycles. The main reactive species participating in the photodegradation reaction were found to be O2•-> h+ ∼ •OH. The heterojunction formed between AgCl and WO3 plays an important role in the photocatalytic activity, especially when the AgCl surface is not completely covered by WO3.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29498

    BEZERRA, RITA de C.F.; MOTA, GABRIELA; VIDAL, RUTH M.B.; CARMO, JOSE V. do; SARAIVA, GILBERTO D.; CAMPOS, ADRIANA; OLIVEIRA, ALCINEIA C.; LANG, ROSSANO; OTUBO, LARISSA ; JIMENEZ, JOSE J.; RODRIGUEZ-CASTELLON, ENRIQUE. Effect of basic promoters on porous supported alumina catalysts for acetins production. Catalysts, v. 12, n. 12, p. 1-23, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/catal12121616

    Abstract: A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the -Al2O3 phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La2O3 or ZnO promoters to form binary supported catalysts. The Ni and Co dispersion on the supports associated with their tunable acidity and morphologies resulted in highly porous supported alumina-based catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the solids were comprehensively investigated by XRD, textural properties, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and XPS analyses. The catalytic performances in the esterification of glycerol in the presence of acetic acid (EG) for the acetins production were evaluated. The highly dispersed NiO and Co3O4 active species on binary porous supports produced synergistic effects appearing to be the reason for the activity of the solids in the EG reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, NiCo/MgO-Al2O3 was found to be a robust solid with superior catalytic performance and improved stability in four reaction cycles with 65.0% of glycerol conversion with an exclusive selectivity of 53% for triacetin. The presence of Co2+/Co3+ and Ni2+ strongly interacting with the spinel -Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 phases, the latter having a large number of lattice oxygen species, was considered another active component besides those of Ni and Co in the esterification of glycerol.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29497

    TORRECILHA, JEFFERSON K. ; GOUVEA, PAULO F. de M. ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da . Disponibilidade de elementos traço para absorção cutânea em tratamentos com a lama negra de Peruíbe / Availability of trace elements for skin absorption in treatments using Peruíbe black mud. Cadernos de Naturologia e Terapias Complementares, v. 10, n. 18, p. 17-26, 2022.

    Abstract: Introdução: No Brasil, o uso de recursos naturais passou a fazer parte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) com a implantação da “Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares” e a Lama Negra, localizada na cidade de Peruíbe, Estado de São Paulo, tem sido amplamente utilizado para tratamentos terapêuticos, por exemplo psoríase, dermatite periférica, neuropatia, acne e seborreia, mialgia, artrite e processos reumáticos não articulares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a mobilidade dos elementos da Lama Negra de Peruíbe, e avaliar quais (benéficos ou tóxicos) estão disponíveis para transferência ao paciente durante o tratamento terapêutico tópico. Para tanto, foram empregados dois métodos de extração: procedimento de extração sequencial e extração única com emprego de suor artificial. Métodos: Dois métodos de extração foram empregados para medir os elementos extraídos: espectroscopia de emissão atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados mostraram que os elementos Ca, Cd, Mg, Mn e Na são altamente extraídos na fração trocável e resultados semelhantes foram observados na extração com suor artificial, entretanto, isso pode não ser um problema durante o tratamento terapêutico. Conclusão: Todos os outros elementos investigados foram extraídos em baixas concentrações, indicando que os efeitos adversos à saúde devem ser desprezíveis, embora até o momento haja pouca ou nenhuma evidência de absorção pela pele.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29496

    MARQUES, RODOLFO F.; QUINTILIO, WAGNER; KNIRSCH, MARCOS C.; FUCASE, TAMARA M. ; SPENCER, PATRICK J. ; STEPHANO, MARCO A.. Action of bromelain and ficin on horse anti Bothrops sp venom antibodies. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 58, p. 1-9, 2022. DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20867

    Abstract: The treatment with hyperimmune sera constitute the only specific and effective therapy available against snakebite envenomation, most common in developing countries. Serum quality is an important factor on patient recovery time and in the incidence of death and permanent disability. To date, most sera consist of pepsin digested IgG antibodies harvested from hyperimmune animals. The use of animal derived enzymes, such as pepsin, to digest IgG, constitute a source of adventitious agents and contaminants, such as porcine circovirus. The present study aims to evaluate the use of the plant derived enzymes bromelain and ficin, as an alternative to pepsin. To this purpose, horse serum immunized against Bothrops venoms was purified with caprylic acid and digested with bromelain or ficin. SDS-PAGE results evidence the formation of F(ab)’2 fragments and suggest that a digestion time superior to 8 hours may be required to completely digest the antibodies with bromelain or ficin. F(ab)’2 fragments obtained by digestion with either bromelain or ficin digestion preserved the ability to recognize Bothrops sp. venom in western blotting assays. Therefore, both enzymes are suitable for use in large-scale production, minimizing contamination risks and increasing safety and efficiency of serotherapy treatments.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29495

    LINO, JULIANA dos S. ; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. de . Improving contaminated land data communication through the developing of an environmental indicator / Desenvolvimento de um indicador ambiental para aprimorar a comunicação de dados sobre áreas contaminadas. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 8, n. 12, p. 78628-78645, 2022. DOI: 10.34117/bjdv8n12-120

    Abstract: Environment contamination is a widespread problem in all countries around the world. Contaminated sites are consequence of land use and occupation without environmental concerns, and it can cause contamination of superficial soil, subsoil, and groundwater. This issue affects urban planning, human health as well natural resource availability. The management of contaminated land data and its communication to stakeholders is a significant driver to achieve sustainable urban planning, promoting equally sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, tools to improve comprehension of environmental quality of cities is essential to face this challenge. Here, we develop an environmental indicator to analyze contaminated land data and communicate its complexity to non-technical stakeholders. The indicator developed, adopts 15 variables and considering three parameters: polluting substance concentration, affected environmental matrices, and the environmental behavior of the polluting substance. A dataset has been elaborated containing information about 25 contaminated sites of Lapa District, the pilot area of São Paulo city, and the environmental indicator was applied, resulting in four environmental contamination levels: low, moderate, high, and remarkably high degrees, existing in an individually site.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29494

    NAUS, STIJN; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G. ; KROL, MAARTEN; LUIJKX, INGRID T.; GATTI, LUCIANA V. ; MILLER, JOHN B.; GLOOR, EMANUEL; BASU, SOURISH; CORREIA, CAIO ; KOREN, GERBRAND; WORDEN, HELEN M.; FLEMMING, JOHANNES; PETRON, GABRIELLE; PETERS, WOUTER. Sixteen years of MOPITT satellite data strongly constrain Amazon CO fire emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 22, n. 22, p. 14735-14750, 2022. DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-14735-2022

    Abstract: Despite the consensus on the overall downward trend in Amazon forest loss in the previous decade, estimates of yearly carbon emissions from deforestation still vary widely. Estimated carbon emissions are currently often based on data from local logging activity reports, changes in remotely sensed biomass, and remote detection of fire hotspots and burned area. Here, we use 16 years of satellite-derived carbon monoxide (CO) columns to constrain fire CO emissions from the Amazon Basin between 2003 and 2018. Through data assimilation, we produce 3 d average maps of fire CO emissions over the Amazon, which we verified to be consistent with a long-term monitoring programme of aircraft CO profiles over five sites in the Amazon. Our new product independently confirms a long-term decrease of 54% in deforestation-related CO emissions over the study period. Interannual variability is large, with known anomalously dry years showing a more than 4-fold increase in basin-wide fire emissions relative to wet years. At the level of individual Brazilian states, we find that both soil moisture anomalies and human ignitions determine fire activity, suggesting that future carbon release from fires depends on drought intensity as much as on continued forest protection. Our study shows that the atmospheric composition perspective on deforestation is a valuable additional monitoring instrument that complements existing bottom-up and remote sensing methods for land-use change. Extension of such a perspective to an operational framework is timely considering the observed increased fire intensity in the Amazon Basin between 2019 and 2021.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29493

    PASQUALINI, ALEXANDRE A. ; ARTHUR, VALTER ; SCHIAVOLIN, MICHELEN B.; ABREU, MARINA R. de; CAMARGO-MATHIAS, MARIA I.. Histological evaluation of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick ovaries subjected to cobalt-60 ionizing radiation. Applied Veterinary Research, v. 1, n. 2, p. 1-7, 2022. DOI: 10.31893/avr.2022007

    Abstract: Females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks ingurgitated and in the prepost phase were submitted to doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy of Cobalt-60 with the aim of evaluating their effects on ovarian morphohistology with consequent establishment of the degree of damage caused to the reproductive organs of this species. For this purpose, 24 hours after exposure to Co-60 (142 Gy/h) the ectoparasites were dissected and had their ovaries removed and prepared for histology with haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results obtained showed that the 5 Gy dose radiation had a morphological aspect similar to the control standard adopted. The histological sections related to doses of 10 and 15 Gy did not cause many changes in the ovaries, except that changes were observed in the calf granules (size, distribution and staining pattern), as well as the extensive presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles in the ovocytes, especially in the region that makes contact with the ovocyte/pedicel, suggesting the occurrence of changes also in the physiology of the organ. In the ovaries exposed to doses of 20 and 25 Gy, severe alterations were observed in the organ as a whole, as well as in the germ cells (oocytes) which suffered alterations in size and shape, distribution of calf granules, involvement of the DNA present in the germinal vesicle (oocyte nuclei), besides the extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization, alterations which made the maturation of these cells impossible and consequently inhibited the production of new individuals.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29492

    ARTHUR, PAULA B. ; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R. ; HARDER, MARCIA N.C.; ARTHUR, VALTER . Animal welfare provisions in cattery: an observational study. Applied Veterinary Research, v. 1, n. 4, p. 1-4, 2022. DOI: 10.31893/avr.2022020

    Abstract: The present study had the objective of proposing adaptations for a permanent housing environment for neutered cats. Priorities and management practices were characterized by better animals health and quality of life. An animal observation survey was carried out on two different types of catteries: A, where the animals had an environment with greater freedom of movement, and cattery B, with animals with a reduced environment. The problems encountered in each were observed, such as sanitary, nutritional, and especially environmental management. Behavior was taken into account, according to the environment experienced by domestic cats castrated in confinement in the two different types of catteries. Based on the frequency and behavioral sequence of the groups analyzed, it was concluded that the environment of the cattery A promoted greater well-being of the animals.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29491

    REIS, FABRICIO C. ; ARAUJO, MARCIO M. de ; ROMANO, JAMILE I.S. ; POTENZA, MARCOS R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Dose letal imediata de radiação gama para espécies de carunchos do feijão utilizando irradiador multipropósito / Immediate lethal dose of gamma radiation for three species of weevil of bean used multipurpose irradiator. Agrarian, v. 15, n. 55, 2022. DOI: 10.30612/agrarian.v15i55.15712

    Abstract: Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a dose letal imediata de radiação gama do Cobalto-60 (60Co) para Acanthocelides obtectus, Zabrotes subfasciatus e Callosobruchus maculatus utilizando o irradiador multipropósito IPEN/CNEN. Os insetos foram mantidos em grãos de feijão das variedades Phaseolus vulgaris e Vigna unguiculata acondicionados em potes plásticos. Utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, foram selecionados 20 indivíduos adultos com idade entre 3–7 dias, para cada repetição, num total de 5 repetições por tratamento. Foram aplicadas doses crescentes de radiação gama até atingir a mortalidade total dos insetos. A dose de 3,0 kGy foi estabelecida para controle imediato dos insetos adultos das espécies estudadas.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29490

    FELGUEIRAS, CARLOS F. . Avaliação do bioindicador Sterikon® plus (Merck-Millipore) por filtração em membrana. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - SECQR, Março, 2023. (IPEN-SECQR-2023-0002 Rev.00). Restrito.

    Título do projeto: Desenvolvimento de processos de controle de qualidade de radiofármacos (CECRF)

    Abstract: O procedimento de esterilização por autoclavação deve ser monitorado pelo uso de indicadores biológicos (bioindicadores), em adição aos indicadores químicos e aos registros de temperatura e pressão da autoclave. A esterilização por calor úmido é o processo terminal que assegura a esterilidade tanto dos produtos GAL-IPEN e CARD-IPEN quanto da solução de molibdato de sódio-99Mo, antes que esta seja adicionada às colunas de alumina na produção do GERADOR IPEN-TEC. O indicador biológico em uso no Centro de Radiofarmácia é o da marca Sterikon® plus, fabricado pela empresa Merck-Millipore. A rotina de utilização do referido bioindicador revelou frequente alteração da coloração do conteúdo da ampola, antes e após incubação a (60 ± 1) °C por 48 horas, o que prejudica a interpretação do teste e a liberação final dos lotes de radiofármacos estéreis. A fim de detectar microrganismos viáveis no bioindicador após incubação, sem tomar a coloração como referência, propomos neste trabalho a adoção da técnica de filtração em membrana. Também foi avaliada a possibilidade de realizar o ensaio após o decaimento dos radionuclídeos residuais nas ampolas, visando a minimizar o risco radiológico para o analista. Metodologia: (a) verificação do teste de filtração em membrana para detecção de Geobacillus stearothernophilus nas ampolas de bioindicador, frente a duas condições físico-químicas distintas do conteúdo das ampolas (adequação do teste); (b) estimativa da atividade radioativa residual média em ampolas de bioindicador, após incubação, submetidas à autoclavação nos processos produtivos de GERADOR IPEN-TEC, GAL-IPEN e CARD-IPEN; (c) cálculo do tempo para decaimento da atividade radioativa residual até os limites de isenção de cada radionuclídeo: Mo-99 (GERADOR IPEN-TEC), Tl-201 (CARD-IPEN) e Ga-67 (GAL-IPEN); seleção do maior intervalo de tempo como referência para os próximos testes com o bioindicador; (d) aplicação do teste de filtração em membrana com bioindicadores submetidos a três condições simuladas de autoclavação, em dois momentos (logo após incubação, e após o tempo de decaimento calculado). Principais resultados: (I) o teste qualitativo com filtração em membrana se mostrou adequado ao uso pretendido, com recuperação microbiana satisfatória em ambas as matrizes testadas; (II) o período estimado para decaimento até os limites de isenção foi de aproximadamente 31 dias, 16 dias e 13 dias para ampolas com Mo-99, Tl-201 e Ga-67, respectivamente; (III) os resultados dos testes qualitativos com ampolas logo após a incubação de 48 horas se mostraram compatíveis com as três condições simuladas de autoclavação, o que não ocorreu com ampolas após o período de decaimento calculado. Conclusões e recomendações: o teste qualitativo de filtração em membrana para detecção de G. stearothernophilus nas ampolas do bioindicador Sterikon® plus é adequado para avaliar as ampolas autoclavadas e incubadas a (60 ± 1) °C por 48 horas, e que apresentem conteúdo com coloração variante antes e/ou após a incubação. Recomendamos medidas ordinárias de proteção radiológica na manipulação das ampolas, que usualmente portam traços de radionuclídeos com atividade inferior aos limites de dispensa conforme norma CNEN NN 8.01. A descrição da técnica para o teste qualitativo segue em Anexo ao trabalho.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29489

    VICENTE, ROBSON V. . Validação de método de pureza radioquímica do radiofármaco GUAN-IPEN-131 / Validation of the radiochemical purity method of the radiopharmaceutical GUAN-IPEN-131 . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 78 p. Orientador: Margareth Mie Nakamura Matsuda. Coorientador: Elaine Bortoleti de Araújo.

    Abstract: Tumores neuroendócrinos (TNE) têm suas origem nas células especializadas do sistema neuroendócrino difuso pelo corpo. A 131I-MIBG cuja denominação comum brasileira é iobenguano, é um radiofármaco utilizado para diagnóstico, na detecção, localização e estadiamento de TNE e suas metástases, tais como feocromocitomas, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, e etc; sendo a meta-iodo-benzil-guanidina (MIBG) um análogo da guanetidina, um falso neurotransmissor, que é captado pelos neurônios adrenérgicos à semelhança da norepinefrina, mas que não participa do metabolismo intracelular. A Medicina Nuclear contribui para o diagnóstico e terapia de vários tipos de doenças em diferentes órgãos do corpo humano, o uso dos radiofármacos como agentes diagnósticos, podem fornecer informações úteis sobre um câncer em estágio inicial, ou mais avançado, além de viabilizar o prognóstico. Os ensaios de controle de qualidade (CQ) nos radiofármacos devem ser realizados conforme o preconizado nas monografias farmacopeicas nacionais e internacionais, após a preparação do radiofármaco e antes da administração no paciente. As Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) constituem parte do Gerenciamento da Qualidade que garante que os produtos sejam sempre fabricados e produzidos de acordo com os padrões de qualidade apropriados para o uso pretendido. Um dos principais ensaios de CQ é a pureza radioquímica (PRQ) e o atendimento à essa especificação, é um dos requisitos para obter uma biodistribuição do radiofármaco e imageamento por SPECT (Tomografia Computadorizada por Emissão de Fóton Único) ou PET (Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons), livres de artefatos, e de dosimetria em órgãos não alvos, causados pela presença de impurezas radioquímicas. A PRQ é definida como a porcentagem total da radioatividade presente na forma química desejada em um produto farmacêutico radioativo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar o protocolo de validação do método de pureza radioquímica do radiofármaco GUAN-IPEN-131 e executar a validação completa do método, incluindo realizar ensaios de seletividade, linearidade, intervalo (faixa de trabalho), precisão (repetibilidade e precisão intermediária) e robustez. Os resultados de todos os ensaios atenderam aos requisitos e a pureza radioquímica do produto foi acima de 94%. A execução do protocolo permitiu concluir que a cromatografia em papel é uma técnica adequada para uso rotineiro de controle de qualidade para determinação da pureza radioquímica da GUAN-IPEN-131.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29488

    JUNGES, SAMIRA . Elaboração de um sistema de proteção física para fontes radioativas utilizadas nas práticas clínicas de radioterapia / Elaboration of a physical protection system for radioactive sources used in radiotherapy clinical practices . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 85 p. Orientador: Carlos Alberto Zeituni.

    Abstract: A utilização de materiais radioativos na prática clínica é empregada para tratamento ou melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças como o câncer, desde a descoberta da radioatividade. A remoção mal-intencionada e não autorizada destas fontes pode levar a consequências catastróficas e irremediáveis. Pensando na segurança destes materiais radioativos, a norma Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear 2.06 foi proposta em 2019, com prazo de adequação para as instalações brasileiras em relação aos requisitos de segurança física por ela definidos. Objetivo: Propor um modelo para a elaboração de sistema de proteção física para fontes de radiação, especialmente as utilizadas na técnica de braquiterapia, que contribua para melhoria da segurança de fontes e na adequação às normas vigentes dos serviços de radioterapia brasileiros. Materiais e Métodos: Um projeto conceitual de um Sistema de Proteção Física para fontes radioativas utilizadas em radioterapia foi elaborado utilizando a metodologia DEPO (Perfil do Processo de Projeto e Avaliação), considerando também as recomendações da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA) e as exigências da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), em especial a normativa nuclear 2.06. Resultados: As sequências de eventos considerando diferentes caminhos até a fonte foram traçados e a partir deles os pontos críticos de detecção (PCD) foram determinados. As probabilidades de interrupção do sistema foram calculadas e avaliadas e então a eficácia do sistema pode ser estimada, apresentando valores entre 91% 99% considerando otimizações na estrutura do projeto de Proteção Física. Conclusões: Utilizando a metodologia proposta foi possível estruturar o projeto de um sistema de proteção física, delineando as áreas que segurança, os elementos de proteção física e os fluxos de adversários possíveis. Frente às ameaças postuladas, os objetivos de eficácia do SisPF para o projeto conceitual foram atingidos, após adequações do projeto. Medidas personalizadas dos elementos de proteção (detecção, retardo e resposta) para cada SisPF são necessárias para corroborar a robustez de um projeto de proteção física bem como o conhecimento real acerca das ameaças brasileiras às fontes radioativas.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29487

    MENDES, VALERIA . Non-ablative treatment of sleep breathing disorders with the association of two high-intensity pulsed lasers : Nd:YAG and Er:YAG / Tratamento não-ablativo dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono com associação de dois lasers pulsados de alta intensidade: Nd:YAG e Er:YAG . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 198 p. Orientador: Denise Maria Zezell.

    Abstract: Primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent different severity degrees of the same chronic, complex and progressive disease, which affects about one billion people worldwide. It is more prevalent in elderly men. Historically, snoring is seen as a social problem, being considered the most benign form of sleep breathing disorders (SBD). Because of this, treatment is not prescribed. Snoring noise occurs as a result of soft tissue vibration in the region of upper airway (UA) greater constriction during sleep. Therapeutic options may involve medical treatments, use of devices, and surgical procedures. As for the results, all of them have limitations. Adherence to treatment and cases of relapse over time represent the greatest challenge in disease control. Increased cardiovascular risk, emergence of chronic diseases and use of medications result from worsening and disease progression. A dysregulation of palatopharyngeal muscle tone plays a significant role in this disorder. After determining the best irradiation conditions, this study aims to evaluate the treatment of SBD with high intensity non-ablative irradiation with two pulsed lasers: Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) followed by Er:YAG laser (2940 nm), both from Fotona LightWalker platform, comparing results before and after the intervention. A controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed with approval of the research ethics committee. Thirty volunteers that transitioned between primary snoring and moderate obstructive sleep apnea were treated in three sessions of non-ablative laser irradiation, with a 14-day interval between them. The upper airway lumen for airflow passage was analyzed by photographic record, according to modified Mallampati index. Oxyhemoglobin desaturation parameters, severity of snoring (noise amplitude and sleep time with snoring) as well as aspects of sleep quality were also evaluated. The main clinical result obtained is the expansion of the upper airways lumen by reduction of tissue compliance in an outpatient procedure. Therefore, improvement of sleep breathing disorder.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29486

    FERNANDES, JAQUELINE C. . Incidência de eventos adversos relacionados a terapias com o radiofármaco iodeto de sódio (131 I) : contribuição para o histórico de farmacovigilância no Brasil / Incidence of adverse events related to therapies with the radiopharmaceutical sodium iodide (131 I): contribution to the history of pharmacovigilance in Brazil . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 55 p. Orientador: Elaine Bortoleti de Araújo.

    Abstract: Radiofármacos com finalidade terapêutica vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados para tratamento de diversas patologias. Os radionuclídeos emissores beta destacam-se nessa modalidade devido às características físicas da partícula emitida. O iodo-131 (131I) é um exemplo de radionuclídeo emissor beta, aplicado na produção de radiofármacos como o iodeto de sódio (131 I) que representa uma excelente modalidade terapêutica no tratamento de carcinomas diferenciados da tireoide. Assim como as demais modalidades empregadas na terapia do câncer, a terapia radionuclídica utilizando-se radiofármacos também pode provocar reações adversas. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de possíveis eventos adversos relacionados à terapia com o radiofármaco iodeto de sódio (131I), bem como correlacionar os mesmos com as atividades administradas, obtendo dados inéditos de farmacovigilância relacionado ao uso de radiofármacos terapêuticos no Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma diferenciado da tireoide e submetidos à radioiodoterapia. Foram recuperados 116 pacientes no período de Janeiro/2019 a abril/2021 e 89 foram incluídos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Dos pacientes recuperados, 47 (54,6 %) relataram algum evento adverso após a radioiodoterapia. Os eventos mais frequentes foram aqueles relacionados ao trato gastrointestinal e irradiação local e foi possível identificar que há um aumento da incidência de eventos naqueles pacientes que foram tratados com atividades maiores. Com base nos resultados obtidos, o presente estudo demonstrou a presença de eventos agudos relacionados à terapia na população estudada, e que a incidência dos eventos apresenta correlação com a atividade prescrita.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29485

    FREITAS, GUSTAVO R. . Metodologia de baixo custo para avaliação da dose de radiação ionizante em exames de tomografia computadorizada / Low-cost methodology for evaluating the dose of ionizing radiation in computed tomography . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 92 p. Orientador: Carla Daruich de Souza.

    Abstract: Em muitos hospitais brasileiros a tomografia computadorizada (TC) é a modalidade mais utilizada no diagnóstico por imagem com maior poder de dose ionização. Sistemas para monitoramento e gerenciamento de informações não são obrigatórios e o alto valor monetário para aquisição de ‘softwares’ e treinamento faz com que a dose recebida pelo paciente não seja investigada na maioria das vezes. Com isso, existe uma maior probabilidade de exposições desnecessárias violando os princípios da proteção radiológica podendo causar detrimento aos pacientes. Esses danos podem ocorrer por causa de exames realizados fora de protocolo, mal indicados, repetição em intervalos curtos de tempo e falhas operacionais em decorrência imperícia, falta de atualização e treinamento dos profissionais envolvidos. O presente trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia de baixo custo para Tomografia Computadorizada, utilizando ferramentas gratuitas para armazenamento e avaliação dos DICOM-Structured Report (DICOM-SR) e interpretação desses dados, podendo se tornar um recurso economicamente viável para todos os serviços de diagnóstico por imagem do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram analisados 33617 relatórios de dose de pacientes submetidos a exames de tomografia computadorizada no período de 1 de setembro de 2021 a 31 de agosto de 2022, divididos em grupos de acordo com sua faixa etária. O programa foi utilizado especialmente para otimização do protocolo de TC de Crânio e de TC de tórax. No primeiro caso outliers foram observados e corrigidos. No segundo exame, o retreinamento proporcionou uma redução de 28,37 % nos níveis de exposição no primeiro ano de treinamento. O novo sistema proporciona gratuitamente e de maneira simples o monitoramento da quantidade de tomografias e da dose recebida em comparação com os protocolos que, por sua vez, resultarão em recomendações clínicas de melhora de procedimentos e treinamentos. O procedimento necessário para implementação está divulgado em site próprio gratuitamente.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29484

    TRICARICO, JULIANA de M. . Cartilha educativa para pacientes e profissionais da saúde na área de radioterapia com foco em garantir a completude do tratamento / Educational booklet for patients and health professionals in the field of radiotherapy with a focus on ensuring the completeness of treatment . 2022. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia das Radiações em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 89 p. Orientador: Carla Daruich de Souza.

    Abstract: O câncer é um dos maiores infortúnios da humanidade e através de sua alta incidência os pacientes acabam sendo submetidos a diversas modalidades de tratamento. Uma das vias de tratamento é a radioterapia oncológica, que compreende a utilização da radiação ionizante para o tratamento de doenças benignas e malignas. O propósito desse tratamento é a entrega de dose precisa de radiação no volume alvo, resultando no controle ou erradicação da doença, mas também protegendo e preservando os tecidos normais. Sua execução é através de fontes externas (teleterapia) sendo os aceleradores lineares o equipamento mais utilizado nessa modalidade para entrega da dose. Os indivíduos portadores dessa doença, possuem particularidades mais especiais e necessitam de recursos centrados para o seu cuidado, apoio e atenção através do elo criado entre profissional e paciente ao longo das sessões de tratamento. A educação para pacientes e profissionais gera um cuidado centrado e humanizado com objetivo de esclarecer a importância do tratamento e sua finalidade, acima de tudo a compreensão da completude do tratamento. Focando-se nesses pontos, foram desenvolvidas cartilhas educativas para ambos os públicos contendo informações básicas, mas extremamente importantes sobre o tratamento de teleterapia enfatizando a importância de segui-lo. Para essa finalidade foram desenvolvidos tópicos pensados nas necessidades de cada público a fim de orientá-los passo a passo. Na cartilha dos pacientes foram abordados os tópicos “O que é a radiação", “O que a radiação faz", e outros. Já na cartilha dos profissionais encontra-se os tópicos: “Como os profissionais em radioterapia devem se portar dentro do setor", “De que forma os profissionais em radioterapia devem abordar e auxiliar os pacientes”, entre outros. Esses materiais foram disponibilizados em um website (https://61a704c4a40aa.site123.me/ ) desenvolvido exclusivamente para fácil acesso de forma gratuita para todo e qualquer público interessado no assunto. Os resultados obtidos levam a reflexão do quanto a educação tem poder em combate ao câncer e que pode ser utilizada e explorada para gerar o alcance dos públicos alvos a fim de orientar, conscientizar e alertar.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29483

    CALVO, WILSON A.P. ; SOMESSARI, SAMIR L. ; DUARTE, CELINA L. ; SPRENGER, FRANCISCO E. ; FEHER, ANSELMO ; LAINETTI, FABIANA de F. ; GASPER, RENATO R. ; BRAGA, ALCIDES; RODRIGUES, MARCOS; SAMPA, MARIA H.O. . Development and construction of a mobile electron beam accelerator to treat and recycle industrial effluents in Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: In the world, there is a growing increase in the demand for water for human consumption, as well as the prioritization of the use of available water resources for public supply. The treatment of wastewater and industrial effluents by electron beam irradiation is a promising technique, however, not very widespread in Brazilian territory. The design and construction of a mobile unit by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN), containing an electron beam accelerator of 0.7 MeV, 20 kW and 640 mm window is innovative to demonstrate the effects and positive results of this technology. The mobile unit will have as one of its main advantages the possibility of treating effluents in the place where the source is located, eliminating costs and bureaucratic problems associated with the transportation of waste, besides publicizing the technology in several places in the country. To implement the project, IPEN/CNEN has been consolidating partnerships with national and international companies. The resources for the development of the unit have been supplied by the Brazilian Innovation Agency (FINEP) and International Atomic Energy Agency, financing the “IAEA TC Project BRA1035 - Mobile electron beam accelerator to treat and recycle industrial effluents”. The Institute has associated with a specialized company (Truckvan Industry) in an innovation project for the unit design and development. Several meetings have been realized with the company and the International Atomic Energy Agency experts, aiming the compatibility of the design and the exchange of information necessary for the project development. The idealized project divides the cart in the following modules: a) control room and laboratory for technical and scientific dissemination of the technology; b) industrial electron beam accelerator, hydraulic units, ventilation system, cooler and bunker with irradiation device; and c) transformer and power source supply. A 3D model study of the control room and laboratory space was done to facilitate understanding the internal distribution of the laboratory analysis equipment (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Total Organic Carbon and UV-Visible Spectroscopy). The irradiation system with electron accelerators allows treating different types of effluents. Depending on the effluent, the amount of ionizing radiation energy required for treatment may vary, as well as the amount of treated effluent per day. For the construction of the mobile unit, the estimated cost is about US$ 1.5 Million. The type of treated effluent, the treatment cost per m3/day and other information regarding the cost of maintenance and operation of the mobile unit are obtained from the Business Plan of the Mobile Unit.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29482

    CARDOZO, NELSON X. ; HARAGUCHI, MARCIO I.; KIM, HAE Y.; SOMESSARI, SAMIR L. ; FEHER, ANSELMO ; NAPOLITANO, CELIA M. ; CALVO, WILSON A.P. . Development of an irradiation system for production of gaseous radioisotopes and of a tomographic 2-D gamma scanning for industrial process troubleshooting in Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Radioisotopes as radiotracers are used in analytical procedures to obtain qualitative and quantitative data systems, in physical and physicochemical studies transfers, and troubleshooting of industrial process plants in chemical and petrochemical companies. In the production of gaseous radioisotopes used as tracers in industrial process measurements, argon-41 (41Ar) and krypton-79 (79Kr) stand out because each has low reactivity with other chemical elements. 41Ar is a transmitter range with high-energy (1.29 MeV) and a high percentage of this energy transformation (99.1%), resulting in relatively small quantities required in relation to the other, for an efficient detection, even in large thicknesses components. In this sense, the aim of this study is to develop an irradiation system for gaseous radioisotope production in continuous scale, applied in industrial applications of emission tomography and flow measurement. The irradiation system may produce 41Ar with activity of 7.4×1011 Bq (20 Ci) per irradiation cycle, through the Reactor IEA-R1 with 4.5 MW and average thermal neutron flux of 4.71×1013 ncm−2s−1 to meet an existing demand in NDT and inspections companies, and even needed by the Radiation Technology Centre, at IPEN/CNEN. The irradiation system consists of an aluminium irradiation capsule, transfer lines, needle valves, ringed connections, quick connectors, manometer, vacuum system, dewar, lead shielding, storage and transport cylinders, among other components. The irradiation system was approved in the leakage and stability tests (bubble test, pressurization, evacuation and with leak detector equipment. In the experimental production obtaining 1.07×1011 Bq (2.9 Ci) of 41Ar, alanine dosimeters were distributed into various components of the irradiation system. In addition, exposure rates were determined in the lead shielding wall, in which the liquefied radioactive gas was concentrated, and in the storage and transport cylinders after 41Ar was transferred by the portable radiation meter. However, gamma scanning is a nuclear inspection technique widely used to troubleshoot industrial equipment in refineries and petrochemicals plants such as distillation columns and reactors. A sealed radiation source and detector move along the equipment, and the intensity readouts generate the density profile of the equipment. The result of gamma scan still consists of a simple 1-D density plot. In this work, we also present the tomographic gamma scanning that, using image reconstruction techniques, shows the result as a 2-D image of density distribution. Clearly, an image reveals more features of the equipment than a 1-D graph and many problems that could not be troubleshooted using the conventional technique can now be solved with this imaging technique. We use ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) intercalated with total variation minimization filter. The use of total variation minimization leads to compressive sensing tomography, allowing to obtain good quality reconstruction from few irradiation data. We simulated the reconstruction of different density distributions. We applied the new technique to data obtained by irradiating with gamma rays phantoms that emulate industrial equipment. Finally, we present the result obtained by applying the innovative technique to real operating distillation column.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29481

    KODAMA, YASKO ; BIANCOLLI, ANA L. ; BARBOSA, ANDREY ; SANTIAGO, ELISABETE . Effects of gamma radiation absorbed dose on VBC grafting onto LDPE films and on anion exchange membrane fuel cells performance. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Anion-Exchange Membranes (AEMs) are polymer electrolytes that conduct anions, such as OH- and Cl-, as they contain positively charged [cationic] groups (typically) bound covalently to a polymer backbone. It is possible to take advantage of this characteristic for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells. Fuel cells are electrochemical systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through continuous feeding fuel. These systems represent an alternative technology of electricity with great efficiency and large applicability in the areas of portable, stationary, and automotive powers due to important improvements achieved in the field of electrocatalysis in the past decade. In this present research, AEMs based on films of low density polyethylene (LDPE), were synthesized by radiation induced grafting with 4-vinylbenzylchloride (VBC) monomer solution using direct method. Samples were irradiated with gamma rays from Co-60 at room temperature, in nitrogen and/or air atmosphere at Gammacell of IPEN-CNEN/SP. Several radiation absorbed doses (10-30kGy) were used to study degree of grafting (DoG) of VBC onto LDPE gamma irradiated films. The optimization of parameters and conditions of irradiation have been evaluated by degree of grafting. Functionalization with quaternary ammonium groups was made in water by using trimethylamine (TMA). After, treatment with NaCl for Cl-groups addition was performed, responsible for ionic exchange and ionic groups stabilization. Then, hydroxylation reaction was performed with KOH for hydroxyl groups addition (anionic exchange of Cl- groups by OH-). Besides DoG, characterization of the ion exchange membranes was performed at IPEN-CNEN/SP involving determination of physico-chemical properties such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity. Furthermore, AC impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for characterization of radiation grafted membranes. DoG increased with radiation absorbed dose increase, homopolymerization affected some grafted membranes at high radiation absorbed doses. Also, atmosphere of irradiation affected the DoG. The resulting AEM synthesized by RIG of VBC onto LDPE with 30 kGy radiation absorbed was tested in a fuel cell and reached a maximum power density of 942 mW cm−2 at 80 ℃ with gases flow of 0.8 L min-1 and 0.5 L min-1 for H2 and O2, respectively.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29480

    SAKATA, SOLANGE ; JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S. ; DUARTE, MIGUEL ; GARCIA, RAFAEL ; ANGNES, LUCIO. Reduced graphene oxide obtained by gamma radiation to produce screen printed glucose biosensor. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Screen printed biosensor has attracted attention as point care device due to its fast and accurate response in a compact portable platform. Due the high electrical carrier mobility, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been used to modify the working electrode surface and increase the biosensor sensibility. However, there are some disadvantages during the reduction of graphene oxide that include the use of chemical reductants that need to be removed after the reaction and the toxic residues. The purification usually requires tedious steps and a lot of efforts to recover the nanomaterial. In this work screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified using rGO produced by gamma radiation. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummers and the reduction was performed in a water/isopropanol solution and inert medium. Sample was irradiated in the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at Radiation Technology Center from Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP), a category IV gamma irradiator by the IAEA classification under the radiation dose at 80,0 kGy. rGO characterization was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). From the XRD patterns: the 2θ the peak located at 11o shift to 23o, demonstrating the reduction of GO to rGO. The decrease of the distance between layers was attributed on partial remove of the oxygen groups from GO. For the glucose biosensor preparation, first of all, the SPCE (Metrohm, model 6. 1208. 110) was modified by drop-coating rGO solution and dried at room temperature for 24h. Then, for Glucose Oxidase (GOx) immobilization, the carboxylic groups from rGO were activated using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyalaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) for 30 min at room temperature, followed by adding GOx 10KU from A. niger Type II (5mg/mL). The solution was incubated at 4oC overnight. SEM images showed GOx onto SPCE surface and the electrocatalysis of GOx toward glucose was measured to confirm the enzymatic activity. For electrochemical studies, cyclic voltammetry was carried out in a Portable Potentiostat model 910 PSTAT mini, Metrohm and PSTAT software. The fabricated amperiometric biosensor detects glucose ranged from 1mM to 5mM with LOD of 0.9 mM at 0.70V. Moreover, the biosensor exhibited repeatability, reproducibility and practicability. This study showed that rGO synthesized by gamma radiation without any further purification is a simple and sustainable approach to fabricate electrode for biosensors.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29479

    UEHARA, VANESSA B. ; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. . Sustainable packaging materials for the food industry: role of radiation technology. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Food packaging keeps food safe and fresh and protects products during transport, delivery, and storage. On the other hand, packaging also fills trash containers and landfills, lasting far longer than the products it was made to contain and can also transfer chemicals into our food, with unknown health effects. Disposing massive quantities of wastes generated by nonbiodegradable packaging material pave ways for the study of biopolymers as alternative materials for food packaging. Ionizing radiation is the most effective means to disinfect dry food ingredients and an adequate phytosanitary treatment of food and agricultural commodities. The irradiation of food products is today a mature technology, effective, broad spectrum, residue free that can play an important role in food safety and food security. On the other hand, radiation processing of polymers is an attractive option for the food packaging industry worldwide. Practically every type of physical and chemical assay technique has been utilized for radiation studies on biological molecules. The aim of this article is to present some aspects of our own work on the development of edible films based on a combination of polysaccharide/protein - cassava starch and soy isolate protein - among the general application of irradiation technology on packaging materials.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29478

    GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L. ; CARNEIRO, FELIPE W. ; JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S. ; SAKATA, SOLANGE K. ; ANGNES, LUCIO. The influence of gamma radiation doses on rGO/Ni for energy storage applications. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Metallic nanoparticles (MN) have been the subject of intense research in the last decades because of their high catalytic activity, associated with its large surface-to-volume ratio. However, it is difficult to obtain pure active metal nanoparticles surfaces, since its contamination and aggregation frequently result in deactivation and loss of catalytic activities. MN immobilization can minimize these effects. Thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) make this material an excellent candidate for MN support for batteries and supercapacitors. The production of metallic nanoparticles on rGO surface based on gamma radiation allows less formation of residual impurities, absence of reducing agents, uniform mass production, no aggregation and low costs. Herein, we demonstrated a green and efficient one-step, gamma radiation-based method for Ni/rGO production. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummers method. Ni+2 and graphene oxide reduction were performed in water/isopropanol solution (1:1) under inert medium. Samples were irradiated in the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at CETER/IPEN/CNEN-SP, a category IV gamma irradiator by the IAEA classification, in radiations doses of 20, 40, and 80 kGy, at 10 kGy/h. From X-ray diffraction, the correlation between radiation doses and crystallite size was evaluated. For supercapacitor studies, cyclic voltammetry was carried out in a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in K₄[Fe(CN)₆]. The working electrode was modified with produced rGO-Ni 80 kGy, Pt wire was used as counter and Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. Experiments were performed in KOH 1.0 M. Results showed that produced Ni/rGO has good potential to be used in electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors or batteries.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29477

    VASQUEZ, PABLO A.S. ; VIEIRA, ANA C.; LIMA, LENI; NAGAI, MARIA L.; KODAMA, YASKO ; OLIVEIRA, MARIA J. ; SANTOS, PAULO . New trends and applications of ionizing radiation for preservation of cultural heritage tangible materials. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd, August 22-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022.

    Abstract: Disinfection of cultural heritage artefacts and archived materials using ionizing radiation has been successfully applied and accepted by the Brazilian conservation and preservation institutions and community in recent years. Several works of art, museum collections artefacts, books, manuscripts, drawings, archive documents, musical instruments, ethnographic objects, archaeological findings and natural history collections have been decontaminated. Several research studies have been developed addressing the behaviour of cellulosic based materials treated with the ionizing radiation. However, many Brazilian collections have objects made from the most diverse constitutive materials and these are affected by biodeterioration. In order to the effective decontamination of the most diverse types of objects there was a need to establish protocols for care of institutions and individuals carrying cultural and historical collections and for the effective processing by ionizing radiation in the facilities respecting the ethical principles of conservation and restoration covering activities from the problem detection to the final cleaning. Additionally, ionizing radiation has allowed the development of innovative nanostructured cross-linked materials, with applicability in cleaning delicate surfaces. This work presents the most recent results of the effect of ionizing radiation on morphology and physicochemical properties of photographic and cinematographic films, featherwork and botanical collections – exsiccate; as well as the protocols developed as a practical guide for conservatives and professionals of the irradiation for treatment of tangible objects. Preliminary results of nanostructured cross-linked polymeric hydrogels for cleaning surface of artworks obtained by ionizing radiation are also presented. The IAEA sponsored projects have helped to increase the acceptance of nuclear technology by the Brazilian society, especially by the community of restorers, curators and conservators of material cultural goods. The research developed and disseminated with the support of IAEA contributes to the understanding that the cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artefacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and restored for the benefit of future generations.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29476

    NAGAI, MARIA L.; SALVADOR, PABLO A.V. . Preservation and conservation of information contained in glassy materials from cultural collections with processing by ionizing radiation. In: IAEA WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE APPROACHES OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE MANAGEMENT, June 13-16, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022. p. 29-29.

    Abstract: Glass-based photographic materials are commonly found in historical cultural heritage collections.Inadequate storage conditions for these materials lead to problems of biodeterioration, mainly by fungi. Processing by ionizing radiation with electron beam has a biocidal effect to combat fungal contamination. However, a known undesired effect on glassy materials is increased opacity which affects the readability of images on photographic glass negatives. In this way, the study proposes a methodology to minimize the darkening effects of the glasses that are subjected to irradiation. For this work, glass samples were subjected to irradiation with electron beams at doses of up to 25 kGy, under different controlled temperature conditions, and the effects analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry and colorimetry analysis.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29475

    VIEIRA, ANA C.D. ; SALVADOR, PABLO A.V. ; SANTOS, PAULO de S. . Moving toward a sustainable conservation: experience of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (MAE-USP). In: IAEA WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE APPROACHES OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE MANAGEMENT, June 13-16, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022. p. 30-31.

    Abstract: Most of the ethnographic collections present in traditional museums in Brazil were formed by collectors, purchases, donations and exchanges by large encyclopedic, naturalist museums, typical of the 19th century. It is in this context, the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (MAE-USP) collection were constituted. The MAE has been made a big effort to guarantee their conservation. Preservation of tangible objects as well thousands of organic objects, composed of plant fibers, wood, skins, feathers, seeds and various materials, has always been challenging as they are prone to deterioration by biological agents such as insects, mold, bacteria and rodents. Chemical treatments are traditionally examples of actions to preserve many museum collections around the world. Since the 19th century, collectors and museum professionals have applied a variety of toxic substances through fumigations and direct applications trying to enhance the conservation. Although a well-intentioned practice, the application of pesticides to protect ethnographic objects could not predict the negative impact on the safety of those who would handle these objects in the future and by restricting the possibilities of using these collections by the descendants of their creators. Today, these contaminated objects cannot be touched without gloves or experienced by for example, indigenous groups. The current insertion of native communities in curatorial actions at museums has made it possible to renew the way in which these institutions work. At this moment, it is no longer plausible that a museum institution continues to carry out toxic treatments on funerary, sacred objects, human remains, among others. The possession and use of these objects transcend the museum’s borders and the possibilities of use must be considered in the perspective of the future. Due to the renewal of the theoretical parameters of the conservation discipline, the Integrated Pest Management policy is more suitable for museological institutions. Efforts to prevent damage have been more effective than just thinking about curative conservation. In addition, the need to develop a more sustainable present and future has led institutions to develop greener prevention policies, without the use of toxic products, respecting the environment and the user. In this scenario, since 2010, MAE-USP has abolished the use of pesticides to treat the collection. Since then, the institution has been dedicated to building a protocol to reduce risks related to infestations. This protocol encompasses, among other actions, the treatment of objects affected by biological agents and the preventive treatment of new objects through ionizing radiation. The use of ionizing radiation for the disinfestation of museum objects is a very safe process and has proved to be a great alternative to traditional methods of disinfestation that involve pesticides of high persistence and toxicity. For this reason, we have also worked to disseminate the technique among conservators. This work intends to share the actions carried out by MAE-USP in partnership with the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) to facilitate the treatment of ethnographic objects, as well as an important collaborator to make the conservation process at MAE more sustainable.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29474

    VASQUEZ, PABLO A. ; NAGAI, MARIA L.. Ionizing radiation for preservation: uses of electron-beam technology for conservation of photographic and cinematographic films. In: IAEA WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE APPROACHES OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE MANAGEMENT, June 13-16, 2022, Vienna, Austria. Abstract... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022. p. 3-3.

    Abstract: The Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN through the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility and the Electron Beam Irradiation Facilities has disinfected several tangible cultural collections from the University of São Paulo – USP. Brazilian weather conditions added to the actions of insects and fungi promote biodegradation especially in cellulose based materials. In this sense, ionizing radiation is an excellent alternative to the traditional preservation process mainly because the biocidal action. Electron beam irradiation also presents new possibilities for processing materials with greater speed, despite having limited penetration. Adequate storage of photographic and cinematographic materials is a challenge for experts from preservation institutions. Contamination by fungi is one of leading causes of problem in this kind of collections. In addition, another common physicochemical degradation affecting cellulose triacetate films causing deacetylation of polymer chain is called “vinegar syndrome”. In this work are presented results of the effect of the electron beam irradiation on photographic and cinematographic films using an electron beam accelerator with energy of 1.5 MeV and beam power of 37.5 kW. Selected film samples were characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and FEGSEM-EDS microscopy. Samples were irradiated with absorbed dose between 2 kGy and 200 kGy. Irradiated samples were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FEGSEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that disinfection by electron beam radiation can be achieved safely applying radiation absorbed doses between 6 kGy to 10 kGy with no significant change or modification of main properties of the constitutive polymeric materials. Electron beam irradiation, due to the effect of crosslinking is presented as an alternative to treat films affected by “vinegar syndrome” applying absorbed dose of 80 kGy in order to increase shelf life of cultural heritage materials.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29473

    BITELLI, ULYSSES D. . Comissionamento: calibração das barras de controle do reator IPEN/MB-01 com núcleo contendo elementos combustíveis tipo placa. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - CEENG, Dezembro, 2022. (IPEN-CEN-PSE-RMB-005-00-RELT-090-05). Restrito.

    Título do projeto: Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro

    Abstract: Este relatório apresenta o procedimento experimental para calibração das quatro barras de controle do novo núcleo do Reator IPEN/MB-01 contendo elementos combustíveis tipo placa[1], correlacionando reatividade com o trecho de barra retirado ou inserido do núcleo (reatividade diferencial) e, por conseguinte, obtendo a reatividade total inserida (valor integral das barras de controle).

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  • IPEN-DOC 29472

    BITELLI, ULYSSES D. . Comissionamento: calibração das barras de controle do reator IPEN/MB-01 com núcleo contendo elementos combustíveis tipo placa. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - CEENG, Novembro, 2022. (IPEN-CEN-PSE-RMB-005-00-RELT-090-04). Restrito.

    Título do projeto: Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro

    Abstract: Este relatório apresenta o procedimento experimental para calibração das quatro barras de controle do novo núcleo do Reator IPEN/MB-01 contendo elementos combustíveis tipo placa[1], correlacionando reatividade com o trecho de barra retirado ou inserido do núcleo (reatividade diferencial) e, por conseguinte, obtendo a reatividade total inserida (valor integral das barras de controle).

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  • IPEN-DOC 29471

    MUCCILLO, REGINALDO ; CARVALHO, SABRINA G.M. ; DENALDI, RAFAEL L. ; MUCCILLO, ELIANA N.S. . Development of stabilized zirconia–alkali salts dual membranes for carbon dioxide capture. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, v. 20, n. 2, p. 951-958, 2023. DOI: 10.1111/ijac.14290

    Abstract: Molten Na2CO3–K2CO3 (NKC, 56–44 mol%) eutectic compositions were vacuum-impregnated, at the eutectic temperature, into two porous ZrO2:8.6 mol% MgO (magnesium-partially stabilized zirconia, MgPSZ) and ZrO2:8 mol% Y2O2 (yttria-fully stabilized zirconia, 8YSZ) ceramics. Thermogravimetric analyses were performed in mixtures of that composition with MgPSZ and 8YSZ ceramic powders. Before impregnation, porosity was achieved in the two compounds by addition and thermal removal of 30 vol.% NKC. To ascertain the carbonates had filled up through the ceramic body, both sides of the parallel and fracture surfaces of the disk-shaped impregnated compositions were observed in a scanning electron microscope and analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the two ceramics, before and after impregnation, was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the 5 Hz–13 MHz frequency range from approximately 530 to 740°C. The permeation of the carbonate ions through the membranes via the eutectic composition was assessed by the threshold temperatures of the onset of the carbonate ion percolation. The objectives were to prepare dual-phase membranes for the separation of carbon dioxide and for the development of carbon dioxide sensors.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29470

    SMITH, RICARDO B. ; VICENTE, ROBERTO . Design bases for automation of a quality assurance system in radioactive waste management. In: SMITH, RICARDO B. (Org.). Essays on nuclear energy and radioactive waste management. 1 ed.. São Paulo, SP: Gênio Criador Editora, 2021. p. 149-165, cap. 10.

    Abstract: The design, construction, operation and decommissioning of a radioactive waste management facility requires compliance with the applicable regulations for nuclear quality assurance. However, although compliance is mandatory, in some countries the requirements are outlined for every type of nuclear facility, therefore they are generic and lack details of the actions necessary to ensure that the more specific quality objectives for a radioactive waste management facility are met. Besides that, the quality assurance system of such enterprise is complex, but ready-to-use, commercially available computer tools to assist managing the processes are still needed. The available quality management software requires either adaptation through the inclusion of specific data sets from the quality control program of a radioactive waste management facility, or the development of a customized tool. Therefore, the objective of this work is to search for a brief historical background of the emergence of Quality Assurance in the nuclear area in the Western world, providing information to form the engineering bases that allow the development of a computerized quality assurance system that may assist the quality manager to assure compliance with the applicable regulation in these countries.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29460

    GALDINO, G.S. ; RODRIGUES, W.C. ; CRUZ, P.D. ; CASINI, J.S.; SAKATA, S.K. ; FARIA, R.N. . Characteristics of electric double layer capacitors prepared with electrolytes based on deep eutectic solvents. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: The storage capacity of electric double layer capacitors or electrochemical supercapacitors with electrolytes based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of L-lactic acid with several hydrogen bond acceptors (nicotinamide, L-alanine, ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, choline chloride, amino acetic acid) with a molar ratio of 7:1 have been investigated. A DES based on urea and choline chloride with at a molar ration of 2:1 has also been included for comparison. The electrochemical supercapacitors were prepared using commercial activated carbon electrodes after removing the volatile organic electrolyte with a vacuum pump. The characteristics of the electrochemical supercapacitors were determined by cyclic voltammetry at temperature room temperature and also after heating at 353 K using scan rates that varied from 2 to 25 mVs-1. Lowest scan rate led to higher specific capacitance of 150±8 Fg-1 with a maximum applied potential of 1.7 V for the urea and choline chloride DES with a molar ration of 2:1. The lactic acid with all the hydrogen bond acceptors with a molar ratio 7:1 it has been necessary to increase the temperature above room temperature to improve the specific capacitance.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29459

    PRADO, F.M. ; UTIYAMA, K.A.; TOFFOLI, D.J.; DA SILVA, S.L.. Dispositivo automático para melhoria do processo de coleta de dados com amostras fotoelásticas de pequenas dimensões em técnicas de fotoelasticidade. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Os materiais fotoelásticos possuem a propriedade da birrefringência e, devido principalmente à sua transparência e elasticidade, são largamente utilizados na indústria metalomecânica para determinação indireta de propriedades de materiais, por técnicas e métodos de Fotoelasticidade, uma sub área da Óptica que proporciona a investigação da relação entre os fenômenos de birrefringência temporária e elasticidade mecânica. No entanto, há dificuldades associadas às medições das variáveis envolvidas durante a interação da luz com a amostra quando uma tradicional máquina universal de ensaios é utilizada para efetuar os esforços, sem mencionar o fato de que amostras de pequenas dimensões não são bem aceitas em tais ensaios mecânicos. Neste contexto, foi construído um dispositivo automático que permite a compressão das amostras de pequenas dimensões por uma amplitude pré-determinada de cargas associado à captura de vídeos com informações fotoelásticas. Com isto, foi possível obter valores de propriedades dos materiais fotoelásticos, como módulo de elasticidade e coeficiente de Poisson, com acurácia em torno de 20% melhor, comparado a trabalhos da literatura, devido a maior resolução proporcionada pelo dispositivo e, também, pela elevada quantidade de dados obtidas, quando comparada a processos manuais.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29458

    PRADO, F.M. ; UTIYAMA, K.A.; TOFFOLI, D.J.; OUTA, R.; DA SILVA, S.L.. Método computacional para determinação do coeficiente relativo de dispersão fotoelástica em amostras de materiais fotoelásticos a partir dos dados de fotoelasticidade por transmissão. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Segundo a Lei óptica das tensões, o coeficiente relativo de dispersão fotoelástico é o resultado da relação entre as diferenças de tensões internas e as diferenças de índices de refração, provocadas por esforços externos, em materiais fotoelásticos, que têm a propriedade da birrefringência temporária. Em geral o coeficiente relativo é uma propriedade do material e função do comprimento de onda da luz que o atravessa. Em Fotoelasticidade, há uma grande dificuldade em encontrar este coeficiente, pois as determinações dos parâmetros ópticos são muito complicadas e indiretas, levando a resultados com baixa acurácia. Este trabalho mostra que existe uma relação direta entre os esforços externos e as tensões internas e, também, entre as deformações internas e os índices de refração. Consequência disto, o coeficiente relativo de dispersão fotoelástica pôde ser determinado pela relação entre os esforços externos e as deformações estatísticas internas. Os resultados foram comparáveis à literatura com uma melhoria da acurácia da ordem de 15%, devido à utilização de um método computacional fundamentado em teoria de erros e um processamento que utilizou uma grande quantidade de informações cedidas por uma técnica de fotoelasticidade por transmissão que utilizou um dispositivo automático para compressão das amostras.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29457

    BARROS, G.D. ; NETO, R.M. ; BARDELLA, F. . Use of CrystalWalk interactive program to teach crystal structures to Brazilian students in engineering courses. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Understanding how atoms of chemical elements form crystals is not a simple task, especially for students that are learning about the properties of materials. This task is even more arduous when the course workload does not match the content and traditional teaching methods do not stimulate students. Recently, the teaching methodology of Materials Science discipline has been completely modified aiming at the improvement of student learning. The new procedure is based on project execution, team-based learning, flipped classroom, use of the CrystalWalk interactive program and additive manufacturing, with 3D printing of crystal structure models. CrystalWalk is free didactic-interactive software for synthesis and visualization of crystalline structures, developed by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (Ipen, Brazil), which can be used online and in devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. With the software it is possible to construct the crystals step by step, choosing the basic structures and the atoms that will enter its composition. In the first step, questions were presented using the Plickers application to check student’s prior knowledge before approaching the topic and then a video-lesson with key points about crystalline structures was visualized in the flipped classroom model. After that, groups were created to construct the different structures using the CrystalWalk software, and the 3D impression of the structures of each group was built. Finally, new questions about crystalline structure were presented using the Peer instruction methodology to evaluate if 70% of the class absorbed the presented content. As a result, it was observed that the use of this new learning model increased the student’s engagement and, consequently, their final grades.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29456

    CRUZ, C.P. ; FREITAS, L.F. de ; FERREIRA, A.H. ; ALVES, V.M. ; LUGAO, A.B. . Estudo das sínteses por feixe de elétrons e radiação gama para obtenção de nanopartículas de albumina. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Atualmente, as proteínas têm sido alvo de estudos na área da nanotecnologia uma vez que possuem propriedades de grande interesse para área biomédica como alta biocompatibilidade e baixa toxicidade, dentre outras. Estratégias envolvendo a produção de nanopartículas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento de sistemas de entrega inteligentes visando aumentar a biodisponibilidade, especificidade ao tecido alvo e maior tempo de circulação sistêmica é alvo constante de pesquisas em nanomedicina. Nesse sentido, nanopartículas a base de proteínas plasmáticas mostram-se mais vantajosas frente a nanopartículas de materiais sintéticos, visto que possuem propriedades mais adequadas para aplicações in vivo como baixa toxicidade, biodegradabilidade e geralmente não desencadeiam respostas imunes. Comercialmente estão disponíveis alguns produtos: Nanocoll® (reagente liofilizado para detecção de linfonodo sentinela quando radiomarcado) e Abraxane® (paclitaxel ligado à albumina). O uso de radiação como rota alternativa para promover a reticulação de partículas proteicas tem sido amplamente discutido e tem demonstrado a possibilidade de preservação das estruturas proteicas e manutenção de suas atividades biológicas. Síntese induzida via radiação demonstram-se mais vantajosas, pela ausência de uso de reticulantes químicos, diminuindo assim a toxicidade residual e mostrando-se eficaz no controle de tamanho. Os efeitos da irradiação de proteínas, especialmente em solução aquosa, envolvem a geração de espécies reativas proveniente da radiólise da água ou solvente, que são capazes de promover a reticulação. Os tamanhos das nanopartículas podem oferecer melhores propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas, por esse motivo o estudo teve como objetivo um melhor entendimento no uso de diferentes tipos de irradiações e condições de síntese para avaliar os efeitos relacionados ao controle de tamanho das nanopartículas. Para avaliação das nanopartículas as sínteses foram realizadas variando a concentração protéica de 0,5 a 10mg/mL, em diferentes tampões fosfato e o tris-HCl ambos em concentração de 50mM. Após a preparação das amostras, as mesmas foram submetidas a processos de irradiação distintos: feixes de elétrons (E-Beam) e radiação gama (irradiador multipropósito 60-Co), com variação de dose de 10 a 20kGy. As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica de espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS), com o intuito de avaliar o seu tamanho hidrodinâmico e índice de polidispersão das diferentes condições sintéticas. Os resultados obtidos para o tampão fosfato demonstraram que as condições sintéticas propostas não afetam consideravelmente o tamanho das nanopartículas. Para as nanopartículas com Tris-HCl o tamanho é diretamente afetado pela concentração de proteína, dose de irradiação e tipo de radiação utilizada. As nanopartículas obtidas por radiação gama demonstram-se obter tamanhos mais monodispersos em relação às obtidas por feixe de elétrons.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29455

    BARROS, G.D. ; CREMASCO, I.K.; FERREIRA, M.P.; JUNIOR, R.A.. Utilização de nanofibras de EPS reciclado produzidas por rotofiação na filtragem de óleo em água. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: A presente pesquisa cientifica tem como objetivo o estudo da utilização de nanofibras de EPS reciclado como alternativa de filtragem de óleo em água. Foram analisadas nanofibras de EPS reciclado produzidas por rotofiação com diferentes concentrações de EPS e verificadas por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Desta forma, é proposta uma solução alternativa para a filtragem de óleo em água, bem como para a reciclagem do EPS, que é um material com longo período para a decomposição, e é pouco reciclado devido o alto custo no processo decorrente da sua baixa densidade. O uso do EPS reciclado em forma de fibras, além de contribuir para. Ao fim da pesquisa, foi possível identificar as variações das concentrações de EPS capazes formar fibras para serem utilizadas como filtro.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29454

    SILVA, J.T. ; NOGUEIRA, B.R. ; ANGELOCCI, L.V. ; SOUZA, C.D. ; TEODORO, L.E. ; SOUZA, P.D. ; RODRIGUES, B.T. ; CORREIA, R.W. ; SANTOS, H.N. dos ; ZEITUNI, C.A. ; ROSTELATO, M.E. . Avaliação do método produtivo de placas de epóxi com fósforo-32 para o tratamento do câncer espinhal e intracranial por braquiterapia. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: A braquiterapia é uma modalidade de radioterapia utilizada no tratamento do câncer. Nessa modalidade, a fonte radioativa é posiciona junto ao tumor ou bem próxima a ele. A dose de radiação é entregue de forma contínua em um período curto de tempo (fontes temporárias) ou em períodos mais longos durante todo o decaimento radioativo do material (fontes permanentes). A maior vantagem da braquiterapia, é o fato da fonte estar bem próxima ao tumor o que significa que a região alvo recebe a maior parte da dose protegendo os tecidos sadios adjacentes à região tumoral. Shtrombakh et. al. trabalharam com césio-137 e verificaram que o uso do epóxi para a imobilização de fontes radiativas ocorreu sem vazamento por dois anos de testes. Pesquisas realizadas nos Estados Unidos por Folkert et. al. mostraram que placas flexíveis incorporadas com fósforo-32 são alternativas para o tratamento de câncer do sistema nervoso central na fase intraoperatória. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a uniformidade da placa de resina epóxi a partir de uma metodologia desenvolvida no Laboratório de fontes para Braquiterapia do IPEN/CNEN- SP. Vários testes foram realizados para determinar o melhor molde para a fabricação da placa. Concluiu-se que o politetrafluoretileno (PTFE), que comercialmente é conhecido como teflon foi o que obteve melhor resultado, devido a facilidade para desenformar a fonte após o processo de cura da resina. As placas de epóxi foram produzidas a resina 2220 e catalisador 3154 (Avipol), à proporção de 2:1 (massa). Para simular o material radioativo, ácido clorídrico (HCl) equivalente a 5 % da massa total (resina + catalisador) é acrescentado. O processo de cura da resina epóxi foi durante 24 h sob temperatura ambiente. As espessuras das placas foram medidas chegando-se a um valor médio de 0,300 mm ± 0,070. As medidas foram efetuadas com micrômetro medindo-se 10 pontos de cada placa. As medidas de largura e comprimento não foram realizadas, pois esses parâmetros não influenciam na uniformidade da dose. Para que a distribuição da atividade do fósforo-32 fosse estipulada, uma simulação por Método de Monte Carlo utilizando o código MCNP foi realizada. A variação máxima de dose ao longo da placa, considerando uma espessura totalmente uniforme de 0,300 mm, resultou em < 0,5 % até 0,5 cm antes da borda. O resultado da simulação mostra que com uma placa de espessura uniforme, a tendência da distribuição de dose seja homogênea. Pautando-se nos resultados, as placas de polímero epóxi se mostram viáveis para o uso em braquiterapia, sendo que o próximo passo do trabalho será os testes com material radioativo, a avaliação por métodos dosimétricos físicos e computacionais.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29453

    BARROS, G.D. ; PEREIRA, V.M.; OLIVEIRA, J.d.; ARAUJO, C.T.; PEREIRA, W.d.; MACHADO, L.S.. Uso de inteligência artificial na análise da morfologia de nanofibras. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Os estudos e aplicações de nanofibras tem crescido ao longo dos anos, neles, foi observado que as propriedades desses fios em escala nanométrica, possuem vantagens em aplicações em diversas áreas como a biomédica, armazenamento e produção de energia e aplicações que envolvem a filtragem de água e ar. Esses materiais são sintetizados através de processo, também chamados de técnicas e por conta disso estão sujeitos a apresentação de falhas. Sendo as falhas mais comuns, a formação de beads e poros. A partir disso, é necessário que seja realizada a caracterização morfológica da nanofibras após sua produção, a fim de identificar essas falhas. Com a evolução da computação, aplicações utilizando inteligência artificial baseada em técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina tem crescido exponencialmente. Essas técnicas permitem que os computadores desenvolvam a capacidade de autoaprendizagem, através de treinamentos previamente realizados. A aplicação desse tipo de tecnologia pode ser encontrada por exemplo, na função de desbloqueio facial dos smartphones, onde após um rápido treinamento o dispositivo é habilitado para somente liberar acesso do celular após o reconhecimento da face do usuário do aparelho. Este tipo de tecnologia funciona através do reconhecimento de imagens, baseado em inteligência artificial e aprendizado de máquina. Este artigo tem como objetivo, realizar a comparação de dois métodos distintos de análise morfológica das nanofibras, sendo eles a análise analógica através do software ImageJ e a análise computacional através de inteligência artificial com base de aprendizagem de máquina utilizando redes neurais (metodologia desenvolvida pelo grupo, através da adaptação de um algoritmo de reconhecimento de imagens). Como hipótese o artigo avalia se a identificação da presença de beads e o número de beads pelo método analógico é estatisticamente semelhante (HO) ou estatisticamente diferente (H1) ao método utilizando aprendizagem de máquina. As imagens utilizadas foram retiradas por meio de um MEV e posteriormente analisadas utilizando dois diferentes métodos, o resultado dessas análises comprovaram uma eficiência superior do método computacional, por ser mais rápido. No entanto, foi identificado uma baixa precisão, uma vez que os resultados do primeiro teste da acurácia do método computacional não foram satisfatórios. Por conta disso, ações foram tomadas a fim de aumentar a confiabilidade do método computacional.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29452

    ALVES, V.M. ; LUGAO, A.B. ; FERREIRA, A.H. ; CRUZ, C.P. . Nanopartículas proteicas: síntese induzida por radiação ionizante em substituição aos métodos convencionais. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Nanopartículas de albumina estão sendo utilizadas para diferentes tipos de aplicações principalmente na área farmacêutica como carreadores de drogas e ou radionuclídeos. A albumina pertence a um importante grupo de materiais empregados em nanoescala com propriedades essenciais como tamanho ideal de partícula, alta biocompatibilidade, baixa toxicidade e facilidade de alteração da superfície entre outras características. Comercialmente estão disponíveis dois produtos: Abraxane® (paclitaxel ligado à albumina) e Nanocoll® (reagente liofilizado para detecção de linfonodo sentinela quando radiomarcado). Recentemente, o uso de radiação como rota alternativa para promover a reticulação de partículas proteicas tem sido amplamente discutido e tem demonstrado a possibilidade de preservação das estruturas proteicas e manutenção de suas atividades biológicas. Além disso, a síntese assistida por radiação mostrou-se eficaz no controle de tamanho e diminuição da toxicidade pela ausência de reticulantes químicos. Os efeitos da irradiação de proteínas, especialmente em solução aquosa, envolvem a geração de espécies reativas proveniente da radiólise da água ou solvente, que são capazes de promover a reticulação. Na busca por uma rota otimizada e melhor entendimento sobre o uso da radiação na promoção da reticulação proteica esse trabalho propôs estudo das condições de síntese de nanopartícula de albumina por irradiação com elétrons (Eletron beam). Foram realizadas sínteses nas concentrações proteicas 0,5, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10 mg/mL, com 30% de etanol (v/v), em dois tampões distintos: fosfato (50mM) e tris-HCl (50mM), todos em atmosfera de NO. Posteriormente as amostras foram submetidas ao processo de irradiação com elétrons variando a dose 1 a 25 KGy e avaliadas em relação ao raio hidrodinâmico em solução e agregação das nanopartículas, usando a técnica de DLS. As análises estatísticas mostraram que o tampão tris-HCl está associado com maiores valores para o tamanho da nanopartícula do que o tampão fosfato (aproximadamente 2 vezes). A concentração de albumina não apresenta uma associação clara com o diâmetro, diferentemente da irradiação, que mostra uma leve associação positiva, ao aumentar a dose de irradiação em um kGy, se espera um aumento de aproximadamente 4% no diâmetro hidrodinâmico. E em relação ao aumento da concentração de albumina em um mg/mL, espera-se uma diminuição de aproximadamente 2% no diâmetro hidrodinâmico.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29451

    SILVA, B.M.; TEGON, C.C.; MELO, M.; GONCALVES, R.L.; COUTO, A.A. ; MASSI, M.. Desenvolvimento e caracterização de implantes para osteossíntese, constituídos por nanocompósitos de matriz polimérica e óxido de grafeno. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades químicas e térmicas de nanocompósitos de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) reforçados com óxido de grafeno para confecção de implantes via impressão 3D. O processamento do nanocompósito foi realizado por processo de extrusão em uma extrusora mono rosca e foram fabricados nanocompósitos com diferentes cargas de óxido de grafeno. Após essa etapa, foram construídos filamentos para testes em impressora 3D convencional. Foram realizadas caracterizações químicas e térmicas de cada nanocompósito produzido, inclusive PEBD sem GO. Para a caracterização química, foi utilizada a técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), além das fases presentes pela técnica de Difração de Raios X (DRX). Para as análises térmicas, foi utilizada a técnica de Termogravimetria (TGA). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a incorporação do óxido de grafeno (GO) na matriz polimérica, pode promover maior adesão celular, além de aumento na cristalinidade e de temperatura de perda de massa do nanocompósito. Os filamentos impressos, se apresentaram como termicamente estáveis, porém ainda é necessário um estudo visando os parâmetros de impressão.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29450

    BARBOSA, I.T.; BALIZA, P.C.; ROCHA, G.L.; MIRANDA, L.F.; MUNHOZ JUNIOR, A.H.; SILVA, L.G. ; OLIVEIRA, B.E.. Caracterização de hidrogéis contendo nanoemulsões de ácido mandélico e diferentes óleos essenciais. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIÊNCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 24., 6-10 de novembro, 2022, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Resumo... 2022.

    Abstract: Os hidrogéis são matrizes poliméricas de liberação de ativos, com toxicidade mínima, consistência elastomérica e alta permeabilidade. Estes produtos possuem excelentes aplicações na área cosmética como veículos de fármacos. Neste trabalho foram preparados hidrogéis com concentrações de PVP (7,5% em massa), PEG (3% em massa) e ágar (1% em massa) contendo pseudoboemita, ácido mandélico com óleo essencial de Palmarosa, Lavanda, Gerânio e/ou Lemongrass, submetidos a radiação de 25 kGy. Os hidrogéis foram caracterizados através de análise sensorial, desidratação isotérmica com arraste de ar e desidratação em função do tempo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os hidrogéis contendo diferentes óleos essenciais sofrem uma desidratação em função do tempo na ordem de 2% a 4%; enquanto o hidrogel contendo óleo essencial de Lavanda apresentou 23% desidratação isotérmica com arraste de ar. Quanto ao grau de satisfação, o hidrogel com óleo essencial de Lemongrass foi o mais adequado para o mercado consumidor. Portanto, conclui-se que essas análises possuem relevância para o desenvolvimento de um cosmético.

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A pesquisa no RD utiliza os recursos de busca da maioria das bases de dados. No entanto algumas dicas podem auxiliar para obter um resultado mais pertinente.

✔ É possível efetuar a busca de um autor ou um termo em todo o RD, por meio do Buscar no Repositório , isto é, o termo solicitado será localizado em qualquer campo do RD. No entanto esse tipo de pesquisa não é recomendada a não ser que se deseje um resultado amplo e generalizado.

✔ A pesquisa apresentará melhor resultado selecionando um dos filtros disponíveis em Navegar

✔ Os filtros disponíveis em Navegar tais como: Coleções, Ano de publicação, Títulos, Assuntos, Autores, Revista, Tipo de publicação são autoexplicativos. O filtro, Autores IPEN apresenta uma relação com os autores vinculados ao IPEN; o ID Autor IPEN diz respeito ao número único de identificação de cada autor constante no RD e sob o qual estão agrupados todos os seus trabalhos independente das variáveis do seu nome; Tipo de acesso diz respeito à acessibilidade do documento, isto é , sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, ID RT apresenta a relação dos relatórios técnicos, restritos para consulta das comunidades indicadas.

A opção Busca avançada utiliza os conectores da lógica boleana, é o melhor recurso para combinar chaves de busca e obter documentos relevantes à sua pesquisa, utilize os filtros apresentados na caixa de seleção para refinar o resultado de busca. Pode-se adicionar vários filtros a uma mesma busca.

Exemplo:

Buscar os artigos apresentados em um evento internacional de 2015, sobre loss of coolant, do autor Maprelian.

Autor: Maprelian

Título: loss of coolant

Tipo de publicação: Texto completo de evento

Ano de publicação: 2015

✔ Para indexação dos documentos é utilizado o Thesaurus do INIS, especializado na área nuclear e utilizado em todos os países membros da International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA , por esse motivo, utilize os termos de busca de assunto em inglês; isto não exclui a busca livre por palavras, apenas o resultado pode não ser tão relevante ou pertinente.

✔ 95% do RD apresenta o texto completo do documento com livre acesso, para aqueles que apresentam o significa que e o documento está sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, solicita-se nesses casos contatar a Biblioteca do IPEN, bibl@ipen.br .

✔ Ao efetuar a busca por um autor o RD apresentará uma relação de todos os trabalhos depositados no RD. No lado direito da tela são apresentados os coautores com o número de trabalhos produzidos em conjunto bem como os assuntos abordados e os respectivos anos de publicação agrupados.

✔ O RD disponibiliza um quadro estatístico de produtividade, onde é possível visualizar o número dos trabalhos agrupados por tipo de coleção, a medida que estão sendo depositados no RD.

✔ Na página inicial nas referências são sinalizados todos os autores IPEN, ao clicar nesse símbolo será aberta uma nova página correspondente à aquele autor – trata-se da página do pesquisador.

✔ Na página do pesquisador, é possível verificar, as variações do nome, a relação de todos os trabalhos com texto completo bem como um quadro resumo numérico; há links para o Currículo Lattes e o Google Acadêmico ( quando esse for informado).

ATENÇÃO!

ESTE TEXTO "AJUDA" ESTÁ SUJEITO A ATUALIZAÇÕES CONSTANTES, A MEDIDA QUE NOVAS FUNCIONALIDADES E RECURSOS DE BUSCA FOREM SENDO DESENVOLVIDOS PELAS EQUIPES DA BIBLIOTECA E DA INFORMÁTICA.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

1. Portaria IPEN-CNEN/SP nº 387, que estabeleceu os princípios que nortearam a criação do RDI, clique aqui.


2. A experiência do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) na criação de um Repositório Digital Institucional – RDI, clique aqui.

O Repositório Digital do IPEN é um equipamento institucional de acesso aberto, criado com o objetivo de reunir, preservar, disponibilizar e conferir maior visibilidade à Produção Científica publicada pelo Instituto, desde sua criação em 1956.

Operando, inicialmente como uma base de dados referencial o Repositório foi disponibilizado na atual plataforma, em junho de 2015. No Repositório está disponível o acesso ao conteúdo digital de artigos de periódicos, eventos, nacionais e internacionais, livros, capítulos, dissertações, teses e relatórios técnicos.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.