• IPEN-DOC 25892

  VILLANI, D. ; CAMPOS, L.L. . Aplicação da técnica de Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada (OSL) na monitoração de área de uma sala de exame de mamografia. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 139-147, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho dos dosímetros OSL nanoDot™ para a monitoração de área de uma sala de mamografia. Os testes foram realizados primeiramente em laboratório, para caracterização dosimétrica, avaliação da repetibilidade e estabilidade do sistema utilizado e, posteriormente, na sala de mamografia para avaliar as doses dispersas no ambiente, bem como a dose de entrada na pele. Os resultados mostraram que os nanoDots™ apresentam boa repetibilidade e estabilidade tanto nos testes laboratoriais como nos de campo, o que permite sua aplicação na dosimetria de área.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25891

  BRAVIM, A. ; SAKURABA, R.K.; CAMPOS, L.L. . Avaliação de dosímetros OSL na determinação de curvas de isodose de uma simulação de planejamento de tratamento de vértebra com proteção da medula espinhal utilizando VMAT. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 111-120, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade de dosímetros e microdosimetros OSL de LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) na determinação das curvas de isodose em planejamentos utilizando a técnica de VMAT. Foi simulado um planejamento de tratamento de vértebra com proteção da medula espinhal em que a dose média absorvida obtida através dos dosímetros OSL apresentou uma variação máxima de 3,85% em relação aos valores calculados pelo sistema de planejamento Eclipse 11.0. A variação entre o intervalo de dose obtido com o emprego dos dosímetros OSL e fornecido pelo Eclipse 11.0 está de acordo com os limites aceitáveis para a área da radioterapia. Observou-se que, por serem de menor tamanho, os microdosímetros de LiF:Mg,Ti apresentam uma menor probabilidade de estarem posicionados em mais de uma curva de isodose ao mesmo tempo no planejamento. Sendo assim, apresentaram os melhores resultados.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25890

  BRESSANE, R.O. ; VILLANI, D. ; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, O. ; CAMPOS, L.L. . Estudo comparativo de sensibilidade entre os dosímetros fricke xilenol gel e alanina gel. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 85-93, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: Fricke Xilenol Gel (FXG) é um dosímetro químico bem conhecido e caracterizado. Neste trabalho, foi adicionada alanina ao FXG a fim de obter melhora na sensibilidade. A comparação entre os dois dosímetros permitiu verificar maior estabilidade no gel devido à presença da alanina e aumento do intervalo de linearidade da resposta óptica: de 1 a 30 Gy para 5 a 50 Gy. Foi possível verificar, também, que a variação de cor das amostras após a irradiação é característica de cada tipo de dosímetro e que a sensibilidade do dosímetro com alanina é maior utilizando-se 0,2 mM de alaranjado de xilenol.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25889

  VENEZIANI, G.R. ; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, ORLANDO ; SAKURABA, R.K.; CAMPOS, L.L. . Desenvolvimento de simulador aplicados a radiodiagnostico e radioterapia utilizando impressora 3D. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 77-83, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a viabilidade do uso de impressora 3D (FDM) e materiais tecido equivalentes para o desenvolvimento de simuladores para serem aplicados em radioterapia e/ou diagnóstico. Os resultados avaliados por CT foram bastante promissores e abrem caminho para o desenvolvimento de simuladores personalizados e de baixo custo.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25888

  VALERIANO, C. ; VENEZIANI, G. ; JUNIOR, O. ; VIVOLO, V. ; SANTOS, W.S.; CAMPOS, L.L. . Determinação dos coeficientes de atenuação para feixes de raios X diagnóstico do PLA e do ABS impressos: uma abordagem por simulação com MCNP5. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 69-76, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: Modelos 3D de estruturas anatômicas podem ser obtidos por meio de técnicas de imageamento médico (ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada). 70 Variando os materiais (por exemplo poliuretano e resina epóxi) utilizados em sua composição, é possível obter o contraste radiográfico ou a equivalência ao tecido desejado. A produção de objetos simuladores para pacientes específicos precisa preencher requisitos como a acurácia geométrica com a anatomia do individuo, a equivalência ao tecido, de modo que possam ser realizar medidas utilizáveis, e não ser susceptível aos efeitos da radiação. A utilização de impressoras 3D é uma forma rápida de construção de objetos complexos, dessa forma é justificável estudar a viabilidade da impressão 3D para desenvolver objetos simuladores. Baseado nesse cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a simulação desenvolvida, utilizando MCNP5, como ferramenta para a obtenção dos coeficientes de atenuação das placas feitas com material de impressora 3D.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25887

  CORREA, F. ; SORDI, G. ; LEVY, D.S. . Evolução da filosofia do sistema de limitação de dose e a questão das substituições “superseded”. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 351-361, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: O grande avanço da era nuclear mostrou que a filosofia do sistema de limitação de dose proposta pela Comissão Internacional de Proteção Radiológica em 1958 e os Limites Anuais Máximos Permissíveis (LAMP), careciam de mudanças, assim, com a atualização das recomendações surgiu uma nova filosofia, ainda vigente, denominada de Limites Anuais Máximos Admissíveis (LAMA) para que possamos estuda-los separadamente, analisando cuidadosamente como surgiram estas filosofias e como foram evoluindo até as suas últimas publicações. 352 Uma vez que cada nova publicação substituía a anterior, e a ICRP e o Organismo Internacional de Energia atômica (IAEA) firmaram o acordo pelo qual este último adotaria a filosofia proposta pela Comissão, houve a possibilidade que algumas destas informações, algumas valiosas, possam ter se perdido no decorrer da substituição da publicação e ou da edição da norma do IAEA na adoção da filosofia. Estas informações são discutidas e estudadas em profundidade e o seu valor real mostrado, levantando a possibilidade de reintroduzi-las nas futuras publicações.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25886

  LEVY, D.S. ; SORDI, G.M.A.A. . Education and communication on radiological protection: the potential value of information technologies to improve profess ional skills. In: NEVES, LUIS (Coord.). Proteção contra radiações na comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa. Coimbra, Portugal: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2018. p. 313-325, DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-1602-5

  Abstract: For operational control of exposures to ionizing radiation in any workplace, the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommends establishing a program of operational radiation protection, proportional to the risk, to ensure the effective management of all necessary measures to satisfy the principle of optimization. This project focus on the potential value of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance education and communication on Radiological Protection throughout Brazil. The content includes optimization programs and monitoring policy and techniques, interrelating 314 information currently scattered in several documents, providing Brazilian facilities a complete repository for consultation and information. The content also brings new approaches from some recommendations, presenting some initiatives towards protection and safety. The growing impact of ICTs shall contribute greatly to provide information where it is needed, stimulating development in this large country where it is a huge challenge to ensure access to information to as many people as possible, minimizing costs and optimizing results.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25885

  SILVA, JULIO C.M. da ; LOPES, THIAGO ; OLIVEIRA NETO, ALMIR ; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V. . Electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells. In: SANTOS, MAURO C. dos (Ed.). Advanced Materials and Systems for Electrochemical Technologies. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers, 2018. p. 27-52, cap. 2.

  Abstract: In this chapter, an overview of electro-catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells based on polymer electrolyte membranes is presented, with special attention given to the alkaline anion exchange membrane-based devices. Considering the anodic reaction, it is evidenced that a substantial effort has been dedicated towards increasing the fuel cell efficiency by developing electrocatalysts with higher catalytic activity. In this sense, palladium is pointed out as a promising substitute to platinum with regards to electrocatalytic activity, price and element availability. Furthermore, palladium-based nanoparticles are pointed out as the electrocatalysts with the highest electrocatalytic activity for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. Taking into account the support materials for the electrocatalysts nanoparticles, it was possible to observe an evolution in carbon-based materials, first carbon nanotubes overcame the carbon black, where more recently, graphene is addressed as the best support choice for catalysts nanoparticles. Different efforts have been made to improve the properties of the support materials, such as doping with nitrogen or with metal oxides like TiO2, for example. Considering the cathode materials, the main goal is to develop catalysts with enhanced activity to the oxygen reduction reaction as well as tolerance to ethanol molecules that crossover the electrolyte membrane.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25884

  OTTONI, CRISTIANE A.; SIMÕES, MARTA F.; SANTOS, JONAS G. dos; PEIXOTO, LUCIANA; SOUZA, RODRIGO F.B. de; OLIVEIRA NETO, ALMIR ; BRITO, ANTONIO G. de; MAIORANO, ALFREDO E.. Biotratamento de vinhaça sintética e geração de eletricidade utilizando uma célula a combustível microbiana. In: OLIVEIRA, ANTONELLA C. de (Ed.); SANTOS, ALBERDAN S. (Org.). Avanços Científicos e Tecnológicos em Bioprocessos. Ponta Grossa, PR: Atena Editora, 2018. p. 163-171, cap. 20. DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.475180110

  Abstract: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de etanol no mundo, no entanto, durante o processo de obtenção deste combustível, elevadas quantidades de vinhaça são geradas, em média, para cada litro de etanol produzido são gerados 13 litros deste resíduo. A vinhaça possui propriedades físicas e químicas que podem desencadear efeitos nocivos à biota, deste modo, existe um interesse crescente em identificar novas tecnologias para o seu tratamento. A utilização de células a combustível microbianas (CCMs) apresenta um enorme potencial, uma vez que, pode promover simultaneamente o tratamento deste resíduo e a biogeração de energia elétrica, pela conversão da energia química disponível nesses substratos biodegradáveis diretamente em eletricidade, por meio da ação catalítica de bactérias eletrogênicas aderidas ao eletrodo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou a utilização de uma CCM de câmara dupla no tratamento de vinhaça sintética. Durante a operação deste reator foi detectada uma máxima densidade de potência de 330 mW·m-2 e uma redução na demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) em 58,8% após 28 dias. Diante destes resultados preliminares, a tecnologia CCM pode ser considerada promissora no tratamento da vinhaça, contudo, estudos a respeito da configuração, tipo de inóculo e formas de operação da CCM são necessários para que amplie sua eficiência.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25883

  FUNGARO, DENISE A. ; IZIDORO, JULIANA C. ; GUILHEN, SABINE N. ; SILVA, KATIA C. ; WANG, SHAOBIN. Synthesis of nanocrystalline zeolite Na-A from coal fly ash and different aluminum sources: application for heavy metals removal. In: GRAY, MIRIAM (Ed.). Coal Fly Ash. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers, 2018. p. 1-33, cap. 4.

  Abstract: This chapter describes the synthesis process to obtain zeolite Na-A from coal fly ash via fusion with NaOH followed by hydrothermal reaction. Coal fly ash is a low cost source of both silica and alumina. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 for zeolite 4A formation was achieved by the addition of sodium aluminate solution or aluminum waste from tertiary industry as aluminum sources. The effects of temperature and time at the fusion step and the hydrothermal reaction time on crystalline products were investigated. The synthesized products were studied for their purity and yield as well as were characterized by different techniques such as Xray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), among others. Analysis of the properties of the raw materials and the products demonstrates that the by-products can be used to produce a high purity zeolite A. The optimum conditions related to the synthesis was set and the samples were pure, highly crystalline and white. The synthesized zeolites were used for both the removal of Cd (II) and Zn (II) from aqueous solution. The results showed that coal fly ash and aluminum source can be transformed into zeolite A, which is considered as value-added material with adsorption properties.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25882

  LINO, JULIANA dos S. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. de . Análise da evolução das áreas contaminadas no município de São Paulo. In: ANDRADE, DARLY F. (Ed.). Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social em Foco. 1 ed.. Belo Horizonte, MG: Editora Poisson, 2019. p. 51-58, v. 12, cap. 4.

  Abstract: O expressivo surgimento de áreas contaminadas ao redor do globo, especificamente em centros urbanos industrializados, é resultado de processos socioeconômicos sem a percepção da relevância das questões ambientais a eles associadas. O uso e a ocupação do solo das cidades se deram sem o conhecimento de parâmetros de proteção e controle ambiental. O solo era visto como um local seguro para a disposição de rejeitos, um local onde o processo de degradação de contaminantes aconteceria naturalmente. Diante da enorme velocidade com que ocorreu o crescimento metropolitano, só tardiamente o poder público se proveu de instrumentos legais para buscar proteção e ordenação no uso do solo. Somente no final do século XX, a questão das áreas contaminadas começou a ser debatida, estando atualmente associada ao tema da revitalização urbana, buscando conferir novo uso sustentável para essas áreas contaminadas com o objetivo de agregá-las ao tecido urbano, estimulando e possibilitando a requalificação urbana. Essa mudança de postura intensificou o reconhecimento de áreas nas quais se desenvolveram atividades potencialmente poluidoras, ocorridas principalmente em regiões densamente povoadas e industrializadas, e sua reutilização, se feita sem a adoção de critérios adequados pode representar um grave risco para a saúde das populações locais. Uma das características da cidade de São Paulo é o seu grande dinamismo e por ter passado por diversos rearranjos espaciais, ao longo das últimas décadas. Devido o caráter dinâmico da cidade e da importância da identificação efetiva das áreas contaminadas, a fim de que estas sejam refuncionalizadas adequadamente, neste trabalho foram estudados os mecanismos que possibilitam a identificação destas áreas na cidade de São Paulo, associado a uma apreciação da sua evolução histórica. O significativo aumento no número de áreas na cidade de São Paulo não deve ser entendido como um fator negativo. O conhecimento real da situação possibilita que a questão seja tratada de forma assertiva. É importante conhecer a dimensão do problema para que a solução desenvolvida abranja todas as suas dimensões.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25881

  NEVES, EDUARDO G.; MUNITA, CASIMIRO S. ; HAZENFRATZ, ROBERTO; MONGELO, GUILHERME Z.. Ancient exchange networks in the Central Amazon. In: GLASCOCK, MICHAEL D. (Ed.); NEFF, HECTOR (Ed.); VAUGHN, KEVIN J. (Ed.). Ceramics of the Indigenous Cultures of South America. Albuquerque, NM, USA: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. p. 231-239, cap. 22.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25879

  IZIDORO, JULIANA ; FUNGARO, DENISE ; CAMPELLO, FELIPE ; GUILHEN, SABINE . Immobilization agents study of toxic elements in coal ash. In: CASARES, J. (Ed.); PASSERINI, G. (Ed.); PERILLO, G. (Ed.). Environmental Impact IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2018. p. 387-395, v. 215, (WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment). DOI: 10.2495/EID180351

  Abstract: Metal leaching from coal fly ashes into the environment is of a much concern. A series of batch tests were performed to investigate the potential leaching of metals from fly ash modified with organosilane (OS) and quaternary ammonium surfactant (SF). The fly ash was collected at the Figueira Thermal Power Plant, located in the city of Figueira, State of Paraná. Firstly, the influence of ash mass/water volume ratio on the concentration of the elements in the leachates from untreated fly ash was evaluated. Subsequently, the capacities of immobilization of toxic elements by the different immobilizing agents were determined by measuring the pH and conductivity of the leachates from the treated fly ash. A significant reduction in the concentration of the elements was observed for all the leachate samples obtained from the ashes treated with OS. The concentrations were reduced by 89%, 77%, 42% and 11% for Cr, Mo, As and Se, respectively. When SF was used for the ash treatment, the concentration reduction in the leachates was found to be above 60% for all elements. These results show that both the OS and SF can be used as immobilizing agents for the retention of toxic elements presented in coal ashes.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25878

  KOMATSU, L.G.H. ; ZAFALON, A.T. ; SANTOS, V.J. ; LINCOPAN, N.; RANGARI, V.K.; PARRA, D.F. . Application of natural nanoparticles in polymeric blend of HMSPP/SEBS for biocide activity. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); VIEIRA, CARLOS M.F. (Ed.); MARGEM, JEAN I. (Ed.); BRAGA, FABIO de O. (Ed.). Green Materials Engineering. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 79-87, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10383-5_9

  Abstract: The natural nanoparticles of CaCO3, from eggshell and CaCO3/Ag, were investigated as candidates for biocide nanoparticles in a blend of thermoplastic elastomer, styrene–ethylene/butadiene–styrene (SEBS), and polyolefin, high-meltstrength polypropylene (HMSPP). The nanoparticles with silver (Ag) were synthesized by metal precursor method, and before the application in the polymer matrix, the nanoparticles were analyzed on dynamic lighting scattering (DLS) and Raman spectroscopy. After DLS and Raman analyses, the nanoparticles were evaluated in biocide tests against P. aeruginosa and S. auerus. The aim of this investigation was the blending and the injection molding in dumbbell samples with the nanoparticles. The characterizations were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis,mechanical tests, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronmicroscopy, and energy-dispersive scanning and biocide tests. Correlation between size and particle distribution on the polymerwas founded. However, samples at higher concentrations (>1 wt%) do not show biocide activity.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25877

  MUNITA, CASIMIRO S. ; GLASCOCK, MICHAEL D.; HAZENFRATZ, ROBERTO . Neutron activation analysis: an overview. In: ATTA-UR-RAHMAN (Ed.); OZKAN, SIBEL A. (Ed.). Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques. Sharjah, UAE: Bentham Science Publishers, 2019. p. 1-46, v. 3, cap. 5. DOI: 10.2174/9781681085722119030007

  Abstract: An overview of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and some applications for this technique are provided in this paper. The fundamentals of the various methods of NAA (INAA, relative, k0, large sample, prompt gamma charge particles, cyclic, molecular and radiochemical NAA) are discussed in order to describe the most important scientific and technical aspects. Several problems associated with the technique are pointed out and briefly discussed. Emphasis is laid on the advantages of this technique for the determination of trace elements in geological, biological and environmental samples as an alternative analytical technique where other methods would not be the best choice.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25876

  MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . The potential of micro- and nano-sized fillers extracted from agroindustry residues as reinforcements of thermoplastic-based biocomposites: a review. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); VIEIRA, CARLOS M.F. (Ed.); MARGEM, JEAN I. (Ed.); BRAGA, FABIO de O. (Ed.). Green Materials Engineering. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 89-100, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10383-5_10

  Abstract: Currently, the relevance of reuse of agroindustrial waste to obtain fillers in micro- and nano-sizes for the development of biocomposite materials has grown significantly. Production processes based on sustainable and low carbon development have increased interest in more environmentally friendly polymer composites, which have made the origin of reinforcement materials a determining factor for their application in this segment. This work presents a review of the developments of our team in the field of thermoplastic biocomposites reinforced with micro- and nano-sized fillers extracted from agroindustry residues. The different residues from Brazilian agroindustry available for the extraction of micro- and nano-sized fillers for the production of polymer biocomposites, the methods of the extraction and treatments of these natural fillers are presented; and its application as reinforcements in thermoplastic-based biocomposite are discussed in this review.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25875

  ORTIZ, NILCE . EPs antibiotics: photodecomposition and biocarbon adsorption. In: SOLONESKI, SONIA (Ed.). Emerging Pollutants. London, UK: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 79-97, cap. 5. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76893

  Abstract: The emerging pollutants (EPs) are considered a global monitoring challenge, present in the environment in very reduced concentrations, and the proper methods for sampling and analysis are still in development. Many published types of research considering the EPs identification only depend on the analytical methodology and a more efficient higher number of EPs. The quantitative determination of the prioritized EPs in water needs advanced and ultra-sensitive instrumental techniques applied in water, water-suspended matter, soil, and biota. The regulatory framework of the water-quality parameters does not often include the microplastics, EPs, and their metabolites; especially, the groundwater water-quality monitoring and control are urgent but not yet achieved. The EPs sources in water are the sewage, industrial, and agricultural waste discard, and the UN estimated that the wastewater produced annually is about 1500 km3, about six times more water than existing in all rivers of the word. In 2015, in China, which has a fast-growing economy, the water is a scarce resource with just 8% of the world’s fresh water to meet the water needs of the 22% of the world’s population.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25874

  SANTOS, SOFIA N. dos; BERNARDES, EMERSON S. ; SANTOS-OLIVEIRA, RALPH. Nanoradiopharmaceuticals in current molecular medicine. In: BARHOUM, AHMED (Ed.); MAKHLOUF, ABDEL S.H. (Ed.). Fundamentals of Nanoparticles. 1 ed.. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2018. p. 553-569, cap. 18. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-51255-8.00018-5

  

• IPEN-DOC 25648

  SENNA, ROQUE M. de; SANTOS, THAIS; SENNA, HENRIQUE; LINARDI, MARCELO . Determinação experimental da curva de polarização de uma célula a combustível tipo PEM. In: VOIGT, CARMEN L. (Org.). Impactos das tecnologias na engenharia química 3. Ponta Grossa, PR: Atena, 2019. p. 178-186, v. 3, cap. 22. DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.31919010422

  Observação: e-book

  Abstract: A geração de energia elétrica se apresenta como um grande desafio para a humanidade, devido ao seu enorme potencial poluidor, notadamente quando advinda de combustíveis fósseis. No mundo, em 2013, como mostrado no BEN 2016, apenas 13,5% da matriz energética compunha-se de combustíveis renováveis, sendo no Brasil 41,2%. Baseado nessas estatísticas pode-se afirmar que a produção de energia no Brasil ainda é predominante de combustíveis fósseis. Uma das alternativas que merece destaque especial é a tecnologia de células a combustível (CAC), pois são dispositivos sustentáveis e não poluentes que oxidam eletroquimicamente o combustível, em geral hidrogênio, gerando energia elétrica e calor. Pretende-se com esse trabalho, mostrar os procedimentos para ensaiar uma CAC unitária, de eletrólito sólido ETEK_HP, composto por uma membrana de náfion (PTFE), de espessura de 115 μm, sendo o eletrodo constituído por catalisador de platina, com carga de 0,4mg/cm² no ânodo, e 0,6mg/cm² no cátodo, suportados em carbono. O ponto ótimo de operação da CAC pela eficiência do MEA foi em 433 mV@1120 mA, de característica linear, e não está sujeito, significativamente, aos fenômenos de ativação e transferência de massa. Nota-se que entre 365 mV e 558 mV, a densidade foi acima de 0,45 W/cm², e consequentemente a potência da CAC acima de 11 W. O consumo de oxigênio e hidrogênio foi mais eficiente acima de 800 mV.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25635

  MUNHOZ JUNIOR, ANTONIO H.; PACHECO, CAROLINE V.; MELO, HENRIQUE T.T.S.; PERES, RENATO M.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e ; MIRANDA, LEILA F. de; ROMERO FILHO, MARCOS. Characterization of a composite of high-impact polystyrene, pseudoboehmite and graphene oxide. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 511-522, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_51

  Abstract: The application of a composite material of pseudoboehmite, polystyrene and graphene oxide was studied. The present work is the synthesis and characterization of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) nanocomposite, with pseudoboehmite (PSB) and graphene oxide. Pseudoboehmite particles with nanometric dimensions were obtained by sol-gel process. The composites were characterized by mechanical tests (tensile strength, flexural strength, Izod Impact, Shore D Hardness), thermal (Flow index, temperature of thermal deflection under load-HDT, Vicat softening temperature, differential tests thermal analyses and thermogravimetric analysis) and morphologically by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results obtained were compared with HIPS matrix properties, without PSB and graphene oxide addition. From the thermal analyzes, composite samples showed higher decomposition temperatures compared to pure high-impact polystyrene especially in the thermogravimetric analysis results, showing a considerable increase in the temperature at which material decomposition begins (322 °C for pure high-impact polystyrene and 380 °C for the composite).

  

• IPEN-DOC 25634

  MUNHOZ JUNIOR, ANTONIO H.; GALHARDO, GUSTAVO F.; ORTEGA, FERNANDO dos S.; LIMA, NELSON B. de ; MORAES, DENISON A.; MIRANDA, LEILA F. de; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO R.. Alpha-alumina synthesis using gamma-alumina powders. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 441-451, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_44

  Abstract: Alpha-alumina is a ceramic material with applications as a biomaterial in femoral prostheses and teeth. The study of the influence of the precursor powder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alumina obtained is extremely important for the use of the same as biomaterials. Other applications of alpha-alumina industrially are in obtaining parts used at high temperatures and in chemically aggressive environments. Alpha-alumina can be synthesized from different raw materials resulting in ceramic products with different microstructures and consequently with diverse mechanical resistance. The synthesis of alpha-alumina pieces obtained from gamma-alumina powders was studied in order to verify the mechanical properties of the sintered material. The addition of graphene oxide in the gamma-alumina powder was also studied. To evaluate the mechanical strength of the obtained alpha-alumina specimens and to correlate the mechanical resistance with the precursor used in alpha-alumina synthesis it was used three -point bend strength testing.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25633

  POVEDA, PATRICIA N.S. ; SILVA, LEONARDO G.A. e . Study of the influence of organic peroxide and elastomeric modifier in the mechanical and flow properties of the recycled polypropylene. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 787-792, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_79

  Abstract: Plastics have been replacing other traditional materials such as wood, metal and glass over the past decades due to its versatility in properties, processability, and cost. Polypropylene can be highlighted as one of the main thermoplastics used in industry since it presents properties suitable for various applications, combining density, cost, availability, and ease of molding. By considering the mechanical recycling of post-consumer or post-industrial material, difficulty in flowability is observed, which demands modification to promote processability. This work used the traditional solution for flow modification (peroxide) and elastomeric modifier to evaluate the impact of these additives on the mechanical and flow properties of recycled polypropylene by tensile strength, melt index and spiral flow analyses. Although the modified sample with organic peroxide had a higher melt flow index, the mechanical resistance was lower than the elastomeric modifier, which showed good performance in the material flow during processing according to spiral flow analysis.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25632

  MIRANDA, LEILA F.; GOMES, PAULO V.C.; ALMEIDA, FABIO J.M. de; SILVA, LEONARDO G.A. e ; MUNHOZ JUNIOR, ANTONIO H.; MASSON, TEREZINHA J.. Study of the electrical properties of rGO obtained by different GO reduction methods. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 773-785, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_78

  Abstract: Thiswork aimed at the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and its reduction in reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as the characterization of the obtained GO and of each of the products of the various GO reduction methods. The characteristics of the GO and rGO samples were compared in order to study the results for each reduction method. Graphene oxide was synthesized, from the modified Hummers methodology, using powdered graphite and subsequently reduced to rGO by different methods (chemical method: reduction with hydrazine and carbon–C-dots nanoparticles, and physical: ultrasound). The samples obtained from graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were characterized electrically and microstructurally. The results showed that the samples of GO reduced with hydrazine were those that obtained the best results of conductivity and good restructuring of the sp2 hybridization, followed by the carbon nanoparticles and ultrasound.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25631

  BARTOLOMEI, SUELLEN S.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. de ; WIEBECK, HELIO. Recycled gypsum particles incorporation in recycled expanded polystyrene by biodegradable solvent: preparation and characterization. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 757-763, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_76

  Abstract: The recycling of expanded polystyrene (EPS) by the use of ethyl acetate, a biodegradable solvent is an alternative by the regular recycling process. Due to the fragility of the polystyrene (PS), 2 wt% of glycerol was added in the recycled expanded polystyrene (REPS) to increase the mobility of the polymer chains reducing the brittleness of this material. As a dispersed phase was used recycled gypsum from construction waste. 5, 10, and 15 wt% of recycled gypsum were used to obtain composites by melt extrusion.Virgin PS, RPS, RPS/Glycerol, and RPS/Glycerol/Gypsum composites were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM), and flammability test. The results showed that the addition of glycerin plasticized RPS and Gypsum particles improved the thermal stability. In the flammability test, the samples containing gypsum do not extinguish the flames of the material, this phenomenon was not observed in the other compositions.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25630

  CORREIA, SABRINA A.; CRUZ, PEDRO V. ; RODRIGUES, TASSON C.; MONTEIRO, ALEX ; DIAZ, FRANCISCO R.V.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Production and characterization of a hybrid composite of polypropylene reinforced with piassava (Attalea funifera Martius) fiber and light green clay. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 735-746, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_74

  Abstract: Waste materials have been frequently used as reinforcing materials, to obtain a composite with better properties. Piassava palm is native to the state of Bahia (Brazil) and its fiber, piassava fiber (PF) is awaste material frequently used for industrial and domestic brooms, industrial brushes, carpets, and roofs. The light green clay (LGC) is a natural smectite Brazilian clay from the state of Paraiba. This work aims to produce and evaluate the advantages of this new product achieved by the inclusion of these two natural materials into polypropylene (PP) matrix. A melting extrusion process, using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine was used to obtain PP/LGC (97/3 wt%), PP/PF (90/10 wt%) and PP/LGC/PF (87/3/10 wt%) composites. The materials were characterized by mechanical tests, TG, DSC, SEM, and XRD analysis.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25629

  FRANCISCO, DANAE L. ; PAIVA, LUCILENE B. de; ALDEIA, WAGNER; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Investigation on mechanical behaviors of polyamide 11 reinforced with halloysite nanotubes. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 693-701, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_69

  Abstract: The inorganic halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are a promising type of natural occurring filler for polymers. Its characteristics such as high aspect ratio (10–50), small size, and high strength (elastic modulus—140 GPa) suggest that HNTs have a potential use in high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Compared to other nanoclays and nanosilica, the relatively low content of hydroxyl groups on their surfaces makes HNTs relatively hydrophobic, although, sometimes, this is not sufficient for guaranty a good interfacial adhesion in composite systems. In the present study, halloysite nanotubes were incorporated in a polyamide 11 (PA11) matrix by melt extrusion, using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. The neat PA11 and PA11/HNT nanocomposites were characterized by mechanical tests (tensile, flexural and impact tests), and the correlation between properties were discussed.

  Palavras-Chave: polyamides; nanostructures; nanotubes; nanocomposites; mechanical properties; thermoplastics; inorganic polymers; tensile properties

  

• IPEN-DOC 25628

  MESQUITA, ANDERSON dos S. ; CAVALCANTE, IAN T. ; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e . Electron beam effect on the thermal and mechanical properties analysis of DGEBA/EPDM compound. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 637-646, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_63

  Abstract: The aim of this work is to obtain, characterize and irradiate the DGEBA/EPDM compound and compare their thermal and mechanical properties with a non-irradiated DGEBA/EPDM compound. The DGEBA/EPDM compound may be used to cover other materials such as polymers and protect them against high thermal conditions and mechanical effort. The compounds have 0.0, 25.0 and 50.0 wt% of DGEBA. In addition, the compounds were irradiated at 30 and 60 kGy at a dose rate 22.41 kGy/s. The thermal properties (DMA and TGA) and mechanical analysis (tensile strength and elongation at break) were performed. In conclusion, the irradiated DGEBA/EPDM compounds may be used for several applications due to the improvement in their mechanical and thermal properties. Their properties are satisfactory for application that requires stronger material.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25627

  SALES, J.N. ; POVEDA, P.N.S. ; ORTIZ, A. ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, F.R.; SILVA, L.A. . Effect study of the incorporation of the Green Lake clay in the polypropylene homopolymer properties. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 629-636, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_62

  Abstract: The advancement of technology has demanded the development of materials with increasingly lighter and more resistant properties. The development of nanocomposites first started in the mid-80s and contributed for obtaining materials with excellent properties. In this work, Green Lake clay was organophilized and incorporated into a commercial homopolymer polypropylene. The efficiency of organophilization was confirmed by water swelling analysis and, later, by Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Composites at 0.5, 1.0 and 2% by weight of clay/polypropylene were prepared by double screw extrusion. The properties of the composite were evaluated by means of Charpy impact resistance, tensile strength at rupture, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystallinity index was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The organophilization processwas efficient, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that there was no decrease in the thermal stability of the composites when compared to pure polypropylene, and the results of the Charpy impact resistance were equivalent when compared to the commercial nucleant composites.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25626

  ROMANO, REBECA da S.G. ; OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; KUMAR, VIJAYA R.; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Differences in properties of pro-degradant added PP and gamma-irradiated PP under environmental aging. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 591-603, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_59

  Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is used for different sectors of the industry and in consequence produces a large amount of waste discarded at landfills causing serious environmental impacts. Controlled degradation of PP can be achieved by exposing the polymers to defined parameters, such as absorbed radiation dose, weather, oxygen, etc. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of accelerated degradation: gamma irradiation of PP 20 kGy and the incorporation of the commercial pro-degradant d2w® (1 wt%) in PP. Dumbbell samples were manufactured by the injection process and exposed to the environment aging for 90 days. Structural changes in PP macromolecules are created upon exposure to ionizing radiation such as main chain scission, crosslinking and peroxidation (in presence of air). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical tests characterized the samples. The samples previously irradiated, PP 20 kGy, after natural aging showed higher oxidation and presence of surface cracks than the PP d2w®. They also showed presence of carbonyl groups and decrease of melting temperature corroborating with oxo-degradation.

  Palavras-Chave: polypropylene; ionizing radiations; gamma radiation; residues; wastes; environment; aging; calorimetry

  

• IPEN-DOC 25625

  REIS, PEDRO R.S. ; SANTANA, JULYANA G. ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.; LOURENÇO, FELIPE R.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Development of biocomposite materials from biodegradable polymer and bio-hydroxyapatite derived from eggshells for biomedical applications. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 571-581, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_57

  Abstract: Nowadays, significant advances have been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications. This study aims to prepare and characterize composite materials based on PLA/PBAT, a biodegradable polymer blend, reinforced with bio-hydroxyapatite (bio-HAp). First, bio-HAp was obtained from eggshell residues by the wet precipitation method. PLA/PBAT blend with 1.5 wt% of bio-HAp was prepared by melt extrusion and injection molding process. Part of composite samples was irradiated with gamma radiation dose of 25 kGy, at room temperature and presence of air. The effects of the bio-HAp addition into the biodegradable blend were investigated by mechanical tests, XRD, DSC, FESEM, and cytotoxicity “in vitro” analysis and the correlation between the properties was discussed. In addition, the microbiological tests were carried out at irradiated and non-irradiated composite samples in order to evaluate the efficiency of the radiation dose of 25 kGy at composite materials sterilization.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25624

  MONTEIRO, ALEX S. ; BARREIRA, DAILI A.S. ; BARTOLOMEI, SUELLEN S. ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. de . Comparative study of the use of rice husk ashes and graphite as fillers in polypropylene matrix composites. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 561-570, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_56

  Abstract: In recent years, carbonaceous materials have been widely studied for polymer composite applications due to its capability to improve the engineering properties of the polymeric matrix. Among various carbonaceous fillers, carbon nanotube, graphene, and graphite promise to be a suitable reinforcement of polymers. Rice husk ash (RHA), a large residue rich in carbon and silica produced by the burning of rice husk offers also an immense potential as a carbonaceous filler for polymer composites on account of its lowcost, lowdensity, high strength and elastic modulus, no health risks, and renewability. This work aims at studying the effects of RHA and graphite as fillers in polypropylene (PP) matrix composites. The composites PP/RHA and PP/graphite were produced by melting extrusion process. The materials obtained were subjected to mechanical tests, XRD, TG, and FEG-SEM analyses. Comparison studies between neat PP properties and its composites were carried out.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25623

  MIRANDA, LEILA F. de; MUNHOZ JUNIOR, ANTONIO H.; MASSON, TEREZINHA J.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e ; FRIEHE, KARL. Characterization of antistatic packaging based on PET/rGO. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 523-534, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_52

  Abstract: Package for electronic components is one that protects an electronic or electrical device against electrostatic discharge. Traditionally, antistatic packages are produced with polystyrene (PS) or polypropylene (PP) filled with carbon black. Recently, studies have been carried out successfully for the application of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filled with carbon black. This work aimed to obtain and characterize nanocomposites based on PET filled with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and compare its physicochemical properties with PET filled with carbon black and PP filled with carbon black used in anti-static packaging. PET compounds containing 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7wt% reduced graphene oxide were obtained by the modified Hummers process from the graphite and reduced with hydrazine. The thermomechanical, electrical and morphological properties of the obtained compounds were determined. The results showed that the addition of reduced graphene oxide to PET causes an increase in the melt flow index, also increase the tensile strength and electrical conductivity. The addition of reduced graphene oxide promotes the decrease in the hardness and thermal resistance of the obtained nanocomposites. Nanocomposites based on PET containing 0.5wt% and 0.7wt% reduced graphene oxide can be used in the handling, transport and storage of electronic components since their mechanical, thermal and resistivity properties are satisfactory for this purpose.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25622

  MONTEIRO, ALEX S. ; BARREIRA, DAILI A.S. ; SILVA, JAQUELINE S. ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO R.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . An investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene reinforced with different clays. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 453-463, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_45

  Abstract: Nowadays, environmental awareness and an increasing concern with the greenhouse effect have increased the interest in composite materials containing at least one of the components from natural origin. Natural clays seem to be a good alternative because they are environmentally acceptable, naturally abundant minerals, and due to their ability to intercalate and exfoliate in the polymer matrix led to an improvement in mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, compared to the neat polymer. This work presents an investigation of the effects of incorporation of two different clays on mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) matrix. PP with 1.5–3.0 wt% of the Cloisite® (commercial clay), and light green clay (noncommercial Brazilian clay), was prepared by melt extrusion process. The neat PP and its nanocomposites were characterized by mechanical tests, SEM, DSC, TGA and XRD analyses. In addition, clay characterization by XRD has also been carried out.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25621

  BRIGGS, EXAMPLE; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. de ; FURUSAWA, HELIO A. ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; OGUZIE, EMEKA E.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Microplastics: a novel method for surfacewater sampling and sample extraction in Elechi Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 269-281, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_27

  Abstract: The geometric increase in the production and exploitation of plastics worldwide has several advantages as well as disadvantages due to the mismanagement of plastic waste. These waste products find its way into the aquatic body. Microplastics are plastic particles with its longest diameter less than or equal to 5 mm. Their microscopic nature, irregular color and morphology have made their extraction from the buoyant organic materials problematic. This work documents for the first time, the sampling and sample extraction of microplastics in Nigeria. An optimized sampling and sample extraction protocol for surfacewaterwas developed. The extraction protocolwas developed in a laboratory study using a simulated sample that mimics the environmental sample (microplastics+organic materials). A micronized LDPE (<300 μm) was used for the study and yielded a percentage recovery rate of 82%. The digested microplastics which were subjected to SEM analysis showed a slight change in the surface morphology. Thereafter, the environmental sample was extracted using the developed laboratory protocol and a high positive result was achieved. This protocol improved NOAA’s method of extraction by excluding the use of microscope for the final extraction, which, of course, will yield a biased result. This was achieved by the addition of ethanol to the final solution.

  Palavras-Chave: plastics; pollutants; water pollution; microstructure; sampling; africa; rivers; separation processes; densimeters; plankton; nanoparticles; wet oxidation processes; peroxides; sample preparation; ethanol; scanning electron microscopy

  

• IPEN-DOC 25620

  ZAFALON, ANGELICA T. ; JUVINO, VINICIUS dos S. ; KOMATSU, LUIZ G.H. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR ; SAMUEL, TEMESGEN; RANGARI, VIJAYA. Synthesis and characterization of PVP/CaCO3-Ag blend hydrogel by gamma irradiation: study of drug delivery system and antimicrobial activity. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 255-265, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_26

  Abstract: Chronic wounds are skin injuries with failed healing. They have become a public health problem that affects more than 2% of the population and the presence of bacteria resistances difficult of treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is opportunist pathogens and the treatment is difficult and requires a long period of treatment. Hydrogels are structure polymeric tridimensional and biocompatible. They have been used as a controlled delivery system for treatment of topic infection. Studies have reported calcium carbonate and silver ion can improve the mechanical properties and biocide activity of hydrogel. Here in this study, hydrogels loaded CaCO3-Ag were prepared using poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly (ethylene glycol), agar, calcium carbonate, silver nitrate followed gamma irradiation with 25 kGy dose. The gel fraction, behavior swelling and biocide action against P. aeruginosawas investigated. The degree of swelling of the hydrogel loaded CaCO3-Ag was 12% higher than the unloaded and exhibited antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa and biofilm.

  Palavras-Chave: hydrogels; calcium carbonates; antimicrobial agents; gamma radiation; skin; wounds; healing; eggs; silver nitrates; bacteria

  

• IPEN-DOC 25619

  MARCHINI, LEONARDO G. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles in zinc oxide matrix in Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE-E) aiming antibacterial activity. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); SPENA, PASQUALE R. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. p. 79-88, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_9

  Abstract: The purpose of present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer (TPE-E) incorporated with zinc oxide added with colloidal dispersion of metallic silver adsorbed on pyrogenic silica (AgNPs_ZnO). A combination of single screw extruder and hot press technique was used to fabricate these polymer nanocomposite films. These polymer nanocomposite films were prepared by mechanical mixing of 1% (w/w) of oil, anti-oxidant 0.05% (w/w), TPE-E granules 0.5% (w/w) and followed by single screw extruder to produce the pellets. As-prepared pellets were further melted for films in hot press technique. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to Japan Industrial Standard—JIS Z 2801 in TPE-E compounds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). TPE-E samples containing additives 0.05 and 0.5% AgNPs_ZnO presented 75 and93%bactericidal reduction for Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 76 and 92% bactericidal activity reduction for Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25566

  CORDEIRO, GUILHERME L. . Defect engineering in reduced graphene oxide toward advanced energy conversion. In: KAMBLE, GANESH S. (Ed.). Graphene Oxide: applications and opportunities. London: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 93-106, cap. 7. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.77386

  Abstract: Defect engineering in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for a smart design of fuel-cell supports has become an effective approach to improve the restricted two-dimensional (2D) mass and charge transfer and to boost the alcohol oxidation reaction. The present minireview describes recent trends across prominent characteristics of tailored reduced graphene oxides, which include but are not restricted to, engineered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures for better mass transport, tuned electron/hole conduction for easier electrical transport, and hybridized surfaces for high electrocatalytic activity. Special focus fixes upon the experimental progress on defect engineering, from three-dimensional structure assembly to surface metal complexation and heteroatom doping to size-controlled defect formation. Given their crucial impact on reduced graphene oxide properties, controlled methods for synthesis, and processing offer considerable promise toward next-generation carbon nanomaterials for electrocatalysis.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25520

  COLEMAN, CHRISTOPHER E.; MARKELOV, VLADIMIR A.; ROTH, MARIA; MAKAREVICIUS, VIDAS; HE, ZHANG; CHAKRAVARTTY, JAYANTA K.; ALVAREZ-HOLSTON, ANNA-MARIA; ALI, LIAQAT; RAMANATHAN, LALGUDI ; INOZEMTSEV, VICTOR. Is spent nuclear fuel immune from delayed hydride cracking during dry storage? An IAEA coordinated research project. In: COMSTOCK, ROBERT J. (Ed.); MOTTA, ARTHUR T. (Ed.). Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: 18th International Symposium. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2018. p. 1224-1251, (Selected Technical Papers, STP1597). DOI: 10.1520/STP159720160048

  Abstract: Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) has been responsible for cracking in zirconium alloy pressure tubes and fuel cladding and is a concern for spent fuel storage. For cracking to start, sufficient hydrogen must be present for hydride to form at a flaw tip and the local tensile stress must be sufficiently large to crack the hydride (a crack will not extend if the threshold in the stress intensity factor, KIH, is not exceeded. A high-temperature limit exists when the yield stress of the cladding alloy becomes too low to crack the hydride. In this paper we describe measurements of KIH and the crack growth rate, V, in unirradiated Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding containing approximately 130 ppm hydrogen in the cold-worked stress–relieved condition representing pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and pressurized heavy-water (PHWR) reactors. Four methods are used to evaluate KIH. The test specimen and fixture used in these methods was the pin-loading tension configuration. The test temperature ranged from 227 to 315 C. The mean value of KIH below 280 C had little temperature dependence; it was about 5.5 MPaHm in the PWR cladding and slightly higher at 7 MPaHm in the PHWR material. At higher test temperatures, KIH increased dramatically to more than 12 MPaHm, whereas the crack growth rate declined toward zero. This behavior suggests that unirradiated Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding is immune from DHC above about 320 C; this temperature may be increased to 360 C by irradiation. The implications for spent fuel storage are that during early storage when the temperatures are high, any flaw will not extend by DHC, whereas at low temperatures, after many years of storage, flaws would have to be very large, approaching through wall, before being extended by DHC. To date, spent nuclear fuel is not known to have failed by DHC during storage, confirming the inference.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25502

  BENTO, RODRIGO T. ; PILLIS, MARINA F. . Titanium dioxide films for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye. In: YANG, DONGFANG (Ed.). Titanium Dioxide: material for a sustainable environment. London: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 211-225, cap. 11. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75528

  Abstract: The aim of this work was to characterize and evaluate the influence of the thickness on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide thin films on the degradation of methyl orange dye under UV light irradiation. The films of 280 and 468 nm thick were deposited on borosilicate substrates at 400°C by the MOCVD technique using titanium isoproxide IV as precursor. XRD analyses showed the formation of anatase-TiO2 phase. Crosssectional FE-SEM images show that the films presented a dense columnar structure and grown perpendicularly to the substrate surface. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was studied using UV-vis spectrophotometry The TiO2 film with 468 nm of thickness presented higher photocatalytic activity exhibiting 69% of dye degradation. The increase of grain size and thickness of the films promoted an improvement of photocatalytic efficiency.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25260

  CARVALHO FILHO, E.T.; MEDEIROS, J.T.N.; MARTINEZ, L.G. ; PINTO, V.C.. Study of error analysis and sources of uncertainty in the measurement of residual stresses by the X-Ray diffraction. In: SEEFELDT, MARC (Ed.). Residual Stresses. Millersville, PA, USA: Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. p. 75-80, v. 6, (Materials Research Proceedings). DOI: 10.21741/9781945291890-13

  Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the sources of errors inherent to the residual stress measurement process by X-ray diffraction technique making an interlaboratory comparison to verify the reproducibility of the measurements. For this work were machined specimens with grinding finish, with polishing finish and to be a reference standard an iron powder was used To verify the deviations caused by the equipment, those specimens were positioned and with the same analysis condition, seven measurements were carried. To verify sample positioning errors, seven measurements were performed by positioning the sample at each measurement. To check geometry errors, measurements were repeated for the geometry Bragg Brentano and Parallel Beams. In order to verify the reproducibility of the method, the measurements were performed in two different laboratories and equipments. The results were statistically worked out and the quantification the type A errors that suggests that is a significant difference between the methods and orientation of grooves directions.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25254

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; KNOB, PAULO J.. Modal nuclear e a matriz energética na América do Sul. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 163-207, cap. 6.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25253

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; KNOB, PAULO J.. A matriz energética dos principais países usuários do modal nuclear. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 75-162, cap. 5.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25252

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; KNOB, PAULO J.. Reatores nucleares de Geração III e de Geração IV. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 61-74, cap. 4.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25251

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; KNOB, PAULO J.. Os reatores nucleares. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 37-60, cap. 3.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25250

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; DURAZZO, MICHELANGELO . Reatores nucleares - breve introdução. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 26-36, cap. 2.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25249

  FIORI, MARCIO A.; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. ; CARVALHO, ELITA F.U. de . A energia nuclear no mundo – cenário geral na matriz energética global. In: . Modal nuclear e a matriz energética global: contribuições e tendências do modal nuclear para a matriz energética global. Riga, Letônia: Novas Edições Acadêmicas, 2018. p. 12-25, cap. 1.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25248

  PIERETTI, EURICO F. ; RODAS, ANDREA C.D.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. . Evaluation of the biotribological behavior and cytotoxicity of laser-textured ISO 5832-1 stainless steel for use in orthopedic implants. In: JOHNSON, DAVID (Ed.). Tribology, Lubricants and Additives. London: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 65-76, cap. 4. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.73140

  Abstract: This chapter evaluated the influence of laser texturing process on the tribological behavior of the ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel (SS). The friction coefficient and wear were determined using ball-cratering wear tests. The laser texturing process was carried out with a nanosecond optical fiber ytterbium laser at four different pulse frequencies. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out to determine if laser texturing affects the biomaterial biocompatibility. For comparison reasons, pristine surfaces were also evaluated. The results indicated that the wear volume and friction coefficient were reduced after laser texturing. The samples were considered noncytotoxic according to the biocompatibility tests as the laser texturing process did not decrease cell’s viability.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25247

  PIERETTI, EURICO F. ; CORREA, OLANDIR V. ; PILLIS, MARINA F. ; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. das . Electrochemical characterization of an optical fiber laser-treated biomaterial. In: PIGNATELLO, ROSARIO (Ed.); MUSUMECI, TERESA (Ed.). Biomaterials. London: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 75-85, cap. 5. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.72653

  Abstract: The implant manufacturing process includes texturization to enhance its adhesion and marking the final products for their identification, long-term quality control and traceability. Marking is carried out after cleaning and prior to sterilization. These marks eventually can concentrate stress leading to premature failure. The marked areas are defective regions that affect the passive film formed on the metallic biomaterials used for implants favoring the onset of various corrosion types, such as pitting, crevice or fatigue. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a Yb optical fiber laser marking processes used for metallic implants on the localized corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel ISO 5832-1. This is one of the most used materials for manufacturing implants. The electrochemical behavior of the marked areas obtained by this method was evaluated in a phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) solution with pH of 7.4 and the results were compared with unmarked samples. All tested surfaces were prepared according to the recommendations for the use in surgery. For localized corrosion resistance evaluation, electrochemical tests such as monitoring the open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements were performed. The results showed that the laser marks affect the protector characteristics of the biomaterial’s passive film. Lower pitting resistance was associated to the laser marked areas.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25246

  MORENO, CAROLINA S. ; ROGERO, SIZUE O. ; GALISTEO JUNIOR, ANDRES J.; VIEIRA, DANIEL P. ; CRUZ, AUREA S.; SAKURABA, ROBERTO K.; WELTMAN, EDUARDO; ROGERO, JOSE R. . Analysis of the combined effects of resveratrol and radiation on lung cancer cells. In: WANG, JUE (Ed.). Top 25 Contributions on Cancer Research. Telangana, India: Avid Science, 2019. p. 2-27, cap. 17. (Avid Science Ebooks).

  Abstract: Mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma is frequently manifested by obstructive trachea symptoms. It is necessary to develop effective curative or palliative therapeutic strategies for treating mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma through administration of compounds that improve ionizing radiation treatment, thereby increasing the effects of the treatment on tumor cells while minimizing the effects on normal tissues surrounding the tumor cells. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in wines and several plants and has a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects. The biological effects of ionizing radiation plus resveratrol have been examined in different types of cell in many studies. Here, we aimed to verify the effects of resveratrol on mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma cells NCI-H292 exposed to ionizing radiation. In vitro studies in NCI-H292 cell culture using neutral red uptake assays showed that the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of resveratrol was 401.5 μM, and the lethal dose 50 % (LD50) of ionizing radiation in the absence of resveratrol was 693 Gy. In vitro micronucleus assays were then performed to verify the genotoxic effects of resveratrol, and fluorescence assays were performed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on the cell cycle, repair and injury processes, cellular necrosis, and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that 30 μM resveratrol promote injury on NCI-H292 cells after 24 h of irradiation. Therefore, this study provides results able to support in vitro future investigations about radiosensitive potential of resveratrol in lung cancer cells. There is a need to investigate compounds with potential to improve the local control of lung cancer promoted by radiation therapy. This way avoiding injuries to healthy cells.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25044

  MARTINS-JUNIOR, HELIO A. ; LEBRE, DANIEL T.; WANG, ALEXANDRE Y.; PIRES, MARIA A.F. ; BUSTILLOS, OSCAR V. . Residue analysis of glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) in soybean using liquid chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. In: NG, TZI B. (Ed.). Soybean - biochemistry, chemistry and physiology. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2011. p. 495-506, cap. 27. DOI: 10.5772/15817

  

• IPEN-DOC 25020

  CARDOSO, ELIZABETH C.L. ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; MACHADO, GLAUSON A.F. ; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Study of flexible films prepared from PLA/PBAT blend and PLA E-beam irradiated as compatibilizing agent. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JLAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 121-129, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_14

  Abstract: Plastics global annual production exceeds 250 million tons and more than 40% of the total plastic production is used as packaging materials. In recent years polymeric materials derived from biomass have received great attention due to scarce petroleum resources and environmental concerns. PLA is one of the most extensively studied bio-based and bio-compostable aliphatic polyesters; nevertheless, high brittleness and low toughness limits its application. Blending PLA with PBAT (Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)), an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, was the solution found due to its high toughness and biodegradability. Differences between PLA and PBAT solubility parameter values lead to the formation of immiscible blends as well as reduction in their mechanical performance besides a poor morphology; so, 5% of pre-irradiated PLA and a previous compatibilized PLA/PBAT (EcovioTM) were added to PLA/PBAT blends in order to improve miscibility phases. Investigations were accomplished on phase morphology (SEM), mechanical properties, thermal behavior and X-ray diffractions (XRD).

  

• IPEN-DOC 25010

  ACHUSIM-UDENKO, AMAUCHE C.; RENATA, COIDA D.S.; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO R.; ONYEDIKA, GERALD O.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. ; OGWUEGBU, MARTIN C.; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, GRACA. Preparation and characterization of clay exfoliation and vegetal fibre on properties of recycled low density polyethylene. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JLAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 429-437, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_47

  Abstract: This work aims to incorporate Mgbee clay, vegetal fibre ( Costus afer ) in recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE). The incorporation of clay and vegetal fibre in rLDPE was carried out using a twin screw extruder machine and the nano composites were obtained. The nano composites were characterized by the Young’s modules test, tensile tests, bending test, XRD, SEM, DSC, and TG and other properties evaluated. The results of morphological and thermal properties showed a good interaction between the clay, and rLDPE as compared to neat rLDPE.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25009

  COIADO, RENATA D.S.; LAZO, GISELE D.; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; RODRIGUES, RITA C.L.B.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Polymer blend based on recycled polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers reinforced with natural fibers from agricultural wastes. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 689-697, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_76

  Abstract: Agricultural residues, which are produced with large quantities annually throughout the world, may be used as reinforcement plastic to replace the wood and produce particleboard for application in the development of low cost construction elements and reduced environmental impact. The main aims of this study was to investigate the effects of agricultural wastes and glass residues addition on the properties of recycled-HDPE/EVA blend for use in particleboard manufacture. The recycled-HDPE/EVA blend reinforced with corncob fiber (15 wt%), coffee parchment (15 wt%) and glass residues (1 wt%) were processed by melt extrusion, using a twin screw extruder and injection molding machine to obtain specimen test samples. The samples were characterized by mechanical test, XRD, TG, DSC, and FE-SEM analysis to understand the nature of interaction between the fillers reinforcement and recycled-HDPE/EVA blend matrix and their properties were discussed.

  

• IPEN-DOC 25004

  SANTANA, JULYANA G. ; ORTIZ, ANGEL ; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; RANGARI, VIJAY K.; GUVEN, OLGUN; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Mechanical, thermal, morphology and barrier properties of flexible film based on polyethylene-ethylene vinyl alcohol blend reinforced with graphene oxide. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 49-57, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_7

  Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers are widely used in the food packaging industry as gas barrier properties to oxygen, organic solvents, and food aromas. EVOH is very sensitive to moisture and its gas barrier ability deteriorates in high relative humidity conditions. This work aims to prepare flexible films based on melt-blending high density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol (HDPE/EVOH/EVA blend) reinforced with graphene oxide (GO). The HDPE/EVOH/EVA/GO flexible films were prepared by twin-screw extrusion and blown film extrusion processing. The flexible films samples were characterized by tensile tests, TG, DSC and FE-SEM analysis and the correlation between properties was discussed. In addition, the oxygen permeability tests were performed at 23 °C, 0 and 90% relative humidity using an OX-TRAN (MOCON Inc.).

  

• IPEN-DOC 24670

  MERGULHAO, MARCELLO V. ; PODESTA, CARLOS E.; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. das . Perspective of additive manufacturing selective laser melting in Co-Cr-Mo alloy in the consolidation of dental prosthesis. In: DOBRZAŃSKI, LESZEK A. (Ed.). Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine. London, UK: IntechOpen, 2018. p. 161-185, cap. 6. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69720

  Abstract: This chapter seeks to compare the properties of samples manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) by the selective laser melting (SLM) technology and compare with the precision casting (PC) processes using the Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM F75) alloy to manufacture of dental prosthesis. This AM process can be manufactured three-dimensional models by means of a laser beam that completely melts particles of powder deposited layer by layer. However, it is still relevant to know the properties of: performance, dimensional, mechanical and microstructural of this laser melting process and compare with a convencional process. The results of mechanical evaluation showed that the SLM technique provides superior mechanical properties compared to those obtained by the PC technique. It is possible to verify that the consolidation by SLM technique results in lower presence of porosity than PC technique. In addition, PC samples presented a gross dendritic microstructure of casting process. Microstructural analysis of SLM samples results in a characteristic morphology of layer manufacturing with ultrafine grains and a high chemical homogeneity. In this way, the development of the present study evidenced to improve the manufacture of customized components (copings) using the SLM technology.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24664

  SANTANA, JULYANA ; SEIXAS, MARCUS V. de S.; RANGARI, VIJAY; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO; WIEBECK, HELIO; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA . Influence of electron-beam irradiation on the properties of LDPE/EDPM blend foams. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 547-555, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_58

  Abstract: Closed-cell polyethylene (PE) foams have been extensively used in many applications such as packaging, transportation, sports, construction, and agriculture because of their variety of properties including light weight, chemical resistance, thermal and electrical insulation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of electron-beam irradiation on the properties of LDPE/EPDM blend foams. The LDPE/EPDM blend (80/20 wt%) were prepared by melt extrusion, using a twin-screw extruder machine. The foam structure of LDPE/EPDM blends was obtained by melt extrusion process, using a special single screw for foaming with 1.5 wt% of foaming agent as blowing agent. The foam samples were irradiated by electron-beam at radiation dose of 25, 50, 75 and 100 kGy and submitted to heating in an oven at 100 °C. The specimen tests samples of irradiated and non-irradiated foams were submitted to mechanical tests, DSC, TG analysis and density measurement.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24663

  ARANTES, MARIANA M. ; SANTANA, JULYANA ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, F.R.; RANGARI, VIJAY K.; GUVEN, OLGUN; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Development and characterization of recycled-HDPE/EVA foam reinforced with babassu coconut epicarp fiber residues. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 497-506, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_52

  Abstract: Nowadays, the development of polymeric materials reinforced with residues of vegetal fibers is becoming popular for application in different segments, from the automotive to the civil construction and furniture industry. Vegetal fiber residues may be used as reinforcement of the recycled polymer materials, for instance, to produce foams to packaging or to thermal and acoustic isolation for green building application. This work is focused on the development and characterization of recycled-HDPE/EVA foam reinforced with fiber residues from babassu coconut epicarp. Firstly, composites based on recycled-HDPE/EVA blend reinforced with babassu coconut fiber were obtained by melting extrusion process. The composites were then extruded in a special single screw for foaming. The foam samples were submitted to mechanical tests, density measurement, DSC, TG, and FE-SEM analysis.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24662

  FRANCISCO, DANAE L.; PAIVA, LUCILENE B. de; ALDEIA, WAGNER; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Characterization of non-covalently functionalized halloysite. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 317-323, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_34

  Abstract: The inorganic nanotube halloysite (HNT) is a promising type of natural occurring filler for polymers. Its characteristics, such as high aspect ratio (10–50), small size, and high strength (elastic modulus—140 GPa) suggest that HNTs have a potential use in high-performance polymer nanocomposites. Compared to other nanoclays and nanosilica the relatively low content of hydroxyl groups on their surfaces makes HNTs relatively hydrophobic, although, sometimes, this is not sufficient for guaranty a good interfacial adhesion in composite systems. Further hydrophobic treatment is required to improve HNTs compatibility with polymer matrixes, maximizing interfacial interactions. In the present study, different percentages of EPB (2,2-(1,2-ethene diyldi-4,1-phenylene) bisbenzoxazole) was used to perform a non-covalent functionalization of halloysite, based on electron transfer interactions. The functionalization is characterized by specific surface area (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and water/toluene extraction experiment.

  Palavras-Chave: nanotubes; silicate minerals; clays; benzoxazoles; thermal gravimetric analysis; toluene; polymers

  

• IPEN-DOC 24661

  OIDE, MARIANE Y.T.; SATANA, JULYANA ; WELLEN, RENATE; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO; GUVEN, OLGUN; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA . The influence of clay reinforcement on the properties of recycled polymer foams. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 703-712, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_75

  Abstract: Poly [(ethylene)-co-(vinyl acetate)] (EVA) is a thermoplastic copolymer composed of randomly distributed polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate sequences within the molecular chain. EVA combines toughness with excellent flexibility, impact and puncture resistance. Because of these properties, this material is largely used for foam production as padding in equipment for various sports and as a shock absorber in sport’s shoes. This work aims to study the influence of clay reinforcement on the performance of recycled polymer foams. The blend containing recycled HDPE (high density polyethylene) and recycled EVA (70/30 wt%, respectively) reinforced with 2 wt% of clays were prepared by melt extrusion, using a twin-screw extruder to obtain the composites. The composites and foaming agent were fed into a special single screw extruder for foaming. The samples of HDPE/EVA/Clay foams were characterized by tensile test, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), density measurement and the correlation between the results was evaluated.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24660

  POVEDA, PATRICIA N.S. ; MOLARI, JULIANA A.; BRUNELLI, DEBORAH D.; SILVA, LEONARDO G.A. e . Study of different process additives applied to polypropylene. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 661-667, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_70

  Abstract: There are several additives aimed on improving the processing characteristics as well as mechanical properties of the plastic materials. Being polypropylene is one of the main polymers used in the plastic processing industry due to its easy processability and application versatility, was chosen as the base resin for this study. Additives can aid the processing of polypropylene, either by promoting a better slip between the chains (lubricants), or by contributing to nucleation and crystallinity (nucleating). In this study, the raw materials copolymer polypropylene, lubricant (internal and external action), organic nucleating agent (metallic salt) and inorganic nucleating agent (metallic oxide) were considered. Mechanical tensile tests, Charpy impact and spiral flow to verify melt index were performed to characterize the samples with additives and standard (copolymer polypropylene). The interference of these additives with polymeric matrix was observed.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24659

  MESQUITA, ANDERSON dos S. ; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e ; MIRANDA, LEILA F. de. Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of polymer (Ethylene Terephthalate—PET) filled with carbon black. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 605-614, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_64

  Abstract: This work seeks to understand if PET compounds with carbon black can be uses to replace polypropylene and polystyrene for anti-static packaging materials. PET compounds were fabricated containing 10.0; 11.0; 12.0 and 15.0 weight % of carbon black with a particle size 325 mesh. We determined the thermomechanical properties (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis—DMA, Tensile Properties, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness) and Electrical properties of the compounds. In conclusion the results show the compound based on PET filled with 15.0% carbon black might be used in the handling, transportation and storage of electronic components because their mechanical properties, thermal and resistivity are satisfactory for this purpose.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24658

  OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.; LINCOPAN, NILTON; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Irradiation influence on the properties of HMS-Polypropylene Clay/AgNPs nanocomposites. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2018. p. 583-595, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_62

  Abstract: Due to its versatility and low cost, polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used polymers in the world, consequently in research and development of new products. The polypropylene modified was prepared by gamma irradiation in acetylene at 12.5 kGy dose, technical polymer also known as high-melt-strength-polypropylene (HMSPP). It was mixed with montmorillonite (MMT) clay and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for bactericide activity. HMS-Polypropylene-clay -silver nanocomposites were manufactured using twin-screw extruders. Those materials were prepared by a melt mixing process via twin screw extrusion with a wide range of processing conditions. The polypropylene nanocomposites (PPNC) surfaces were exposed to gamma-radiation (60Co) source in presence of nitrogen as inert atmosphere at 1; 3; 5; 10; 20 and 50 kGy doses for modified the surfaces in order to enhance biocide activity. The samples surfaces were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and evaluated by determination of bactericide effects. The results indicate the formation of structures predominantly intercalated of HMSPP nanocomposite. Contact tests for antibacterial activity of the hybrid polymer were applied against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. The irradiations on the samples surfaces were insufficient to promote activity on contact biocide tests.

  Palavras-Chave: nanocomposites; polypropylene; irradiation; gamma radiation; silver; clays; germicides; montmorillonite

  

• IPEN-DOC 24657

  ZAFALON, ANGELICA T. ; SANTOS, VINICIUS J. dos ; ESPOSITO, FERNANDA; LINCOPAN, NILTON; RANGARI, VIJAYA; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Synthesis of polymeric hydrogel loaded with antibiotic drug for wound healing applications. In: LI, BOWEN (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); BROWN, ANDREW (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. TMS. Cham, CZ, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2018. p. 165-176, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_18

  Abstract: Polymeric hydrogels are natural or synthetic systems, which have gained interest due to their high biocompatibility with soft tissues. These types of hydrogels have been used for wound dressing as a drug delivery system. Here in this study the polymeric hydrogels based wound healing systems were prepared using poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), agar and neomycin drug followed by gamma irradiation to promote crosslinking and sterilization. The influence of irradiation process with 25 kGy dose was investigated. The gel fraction and maximum swelling were estimated using physicochemical methods and found about 95% gel fraction and 1100% swelling after 8 h of immersion. Neomycin released from hydrogel was carried out by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method and the drug concentration remained constant for 48 h. Hydrogel/neomycin exhibited antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. With these results, it can be inferred that hydrogel/neomycin is a suitable candidate for wound dressing.

  Palavras-Chave: hydrogels; polymers; antibiotics; drugs; wounds; neomycin; pvp; irradiation

  

• IPEN-DOC 24354

  AQUINO, AFONSO R. de . Multidisciplinaridade na área ambiental. In: NAVAL, LILIANA P. (Org.); PARENTE, TEMIS G. (Org.). Processos sociais, econômicos e ambientais de adaptação: o caso do Reservatório de Lajeado. Goiânia: Cânone Editorial, 2010. p. 11-20,

  Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24497

  SELLERA, FABIO P.; NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; POGLIANI, FABIO C.; SABINO, CAETANO P. ; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Future perspectives. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 209-222, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_14

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  Abstract: Nowadays, it is clear that the activity of different photosensitizers (PSs) has a strong potential for moving photodynamic therapy (PDT) to clinical practice. Present technologies as dedicated light sources, new PSs, and nanotechnology are emerging strategies to promote PDT as a reliable, cost-effective, and safe approach to veterinary medicine. This chapter addresses an overview of emerging clinical applications and recent technologies to encourage veterinarians toward PDT.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24496

  SELLERA, FABIO P.; POGLIANI, FABIO C.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Other practices in PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 197-207, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_13

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  Abstract: In addition to clinical PDT applications regarding antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity, photodynamic reactions have also been used in several other practices such as for fish tank decontamination, water treatment, antiangiogenic therapy for age-related macular degeneration, decontamination of surfaces, and even inactivation of pathogens for blood transfusion. Nowadays, not all potentials of photodynamic reactions are commercially available yet, but they definitely deserve to be highlighted in this chapter as alternative applications of photodynamic reactions in veterinary medicine.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24254

  SELLERA, FABIO P.; NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 169-196, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_12

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  Abstract: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive, painless, and safe procedure that can be used on a wide range of diseases in clinical practice. Dermatology for dogs and cats is emerging as one of the main areas of interest for the application of this therapeutic approach; however, despite being a promising technique to treat various dermatological diseases, researchers and clinicians have made little use of this powerful tool. The farm animals’ medicine has evolved over the past few years, and the growing demand of consumers looking for absence of residues in animal products becomes essential in the search for alternatives to conventional treatments. Although the bulk of researches on PDT in veterinary medicine are to treat domestic animals, there is a great appeal for its clinical application in exotic, zoo, and wildlife medicine. In this chapter, we describe potential applications of PDT in veterinary clinical practice.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24253

  NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; SELLERA, FABIO P.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Basic studies in antimicrobial PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 157-168, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_11

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  Abstract: Microorganisms (MO) multiply rapidly and mutations that guarantee its survival forward to antimicrobials become prevalent in new populations. The inexorable rise of multidrug-resistant MO leads to an effort to search for alternative approaches that, hypothetically, MO could not easily develop resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective alternative treatment for infected lesions in animals. The goal of the technique is to destroy a sufficient number of pathogenic MO to prevent recolonization and avoid unacceptable destruction of the host tissue. An important observation concerns the selectivity of the photosensitizer by microbial cells when compared to the host. This is because the photosensitizer (PS) uptake by host cells is slower than by MO. If the site of infection is irradiated after a short interval from the PS application (minutes), the damage to host tissue is minimized. Currently, antimicrobial PDT has proven its effectiveness against bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. This chapter reviews the literature regarding antimicrobial PDT especially for veterinary medicine.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24464

  NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; SELLERA, FABIO P.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . How to enter PDT in clinical practice?. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 111-123, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_8

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  Abstract: The photodynamic therapy stands out, not only for the few adverse effects to the veterinary patient but also for presenting environmental safety, not inducing microbial resistance and reducing generation of residual drugs on products intended for human consumption. After understanding the full potential of this new therapeutic modality through the previous chapters, the purpose of this chapter is to cover the main aspects to be considered by veterinarians to move PDT to clinical practice. It will be presented how the light source and photosensitizers should be chosen as well as the application modes for both antimicrobial and cancer PDT. Biosafety will also be addressed.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24463

  RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. ; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Multimodality dosimetry. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 93-109, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_7

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  Abstract: PDT requires a multimodality approach for dosimetry because it works based on three essential components: light, photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. Since these components are found in variable amounts inside target cells, PDT dosimetry is rather intricate. This chapter intends to address, with little mathematical complexity, the physical and chemical quantities that are most relevant for light and photosensitizer dosimetry as well as to present basic aspects of oxygen supply to achieve successful PDT interventions.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24645

  HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Systemic effects. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 73-91, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_6

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  Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved practice for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. PDT involves systemic or topical administration of a photosensitizer (PS), followed by irradiation of the target area with light of a wavelength matching the absorption band of the PS. In the presence of oxygen, photochemical reactions trigger the production of reactive oxygen species and, consequently, cell death by oxidative stress. Besides causing direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, PDT induces destruction of the tumor vasculature releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Current literature supports that PDT is able to affect both the innate and adaptive responses of the immune system. In addition, PDT-induced adaptive immunity may attack distant untreated tumor cells and lead to development of antitumor memory immunity, which can potentially avoid the cancer relapse. Conversely, pro-inflammatory activity of PDT can also collaborate to resolve local infections since more neutrophils are recruited to the infected region.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24458

  SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Cellular damage. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 57-72, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_5

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  Abstract: Classical pharmacology is normally concerned with defined molecular structures that can bind to specific proteins and either inhibit or enhance the protein function to achieve some biological response with therapeutic benefit. In photodynamic therapy (PDT) context, we rarely rely on such target specificity to achieve therapeutic success. Although some recent photosensitizers have been functionalized with target-specific molecules, such as antibodies, to recognize specific cells and enhance therapy specificity, ROS produced inside the cell will damage all susceptible molecules within the diffusion radius. According to the previous chapter, both hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen are highly reactive toward most of the abundant biological molecules contained in cells. In this chapter we discuss how such capacity of PDT to provoke multiple sites of molecular damages in the cellular context is associated with the phototoxicity produced. Also, we discuss how cellular antioxidant and xenobiotic defenses can influence on cellular tolerance against photodynamic inactivation.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24457

  SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Molecular damage. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 45-56, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_4

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  Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) rapidly produces large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce death of photosensitized cells. As previously described in Chap. 2, excited photosensitizer (PS) molecules can either donate electrons (type 1) or energy (type 2) to ground-state oxygen to produce superoxide radicals (O2•−) or singlet oxygen (1O2). Each type of ROS has characteristic chemical reactivity and reacts with different types of chemical bonds present in biomolecules and, consequently, will lead to different types of cell damage. Once again, what determines the mechanism of cell death directly depends on both: the PS localization site within the cell and total extent of oxidative stress produced during therapy (i.e., light dosimetry and efficiency of ROS generation). To elucidate the mechanisms of photooxidative damage and the consequent biological effects, this chapter will cover the most relevant chemical reactions related to oxidative damage caused by 1O2 and free radicals.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24453

  HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Photosensitizers. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 25-43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_3

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  Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over 100 years ago when it was observed that certain dyes could kill microorganisms when exposed to light in the presence of oxygen. Since those early days, PDT has mainly been developed as a cancer therapy with regulatory approvals and clinical trials steadily accumulating for different types of cancer and different photosensitizer structures. A very important milestone for PDT was the introduction of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which functions as a prodrug to induce endogenous porphyrin biosynthesis that acts as an endogenous photosensitizer produced by our cells. PDT with ALA and its derivatives have become mainstays of the clinical dermatologist’s practice covering everything from skin cancer, premalignant lesions, acne, and skin rejuvenation. Another milestone in PDT development was the realization that PDT may also be used as an effective antimicrobial modality and a potential treatment for localized infections. To some extent, this means that PDT has gone full circle and returned to its roots from when it was first discovered in 1900. In this chapter we discuss, in a contextualized fashion, what are the expected characteristics of an ideal photosensitizer and which are the main molecular frameworks used for development of synthetic, natural, and nanostructured photosensitizers.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24452

  SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Photophysical and photochemical mechanisms. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 11-23, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_2

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  Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) harnesses the power of light in an elegant method to produce cytotoxic agents in a spatially and temporally controlled manner and specifically damage target cells and tissues. For photodynamic reactions to occur, the PS molecule must absorb at least one photon to be promoted to a sufficiently long-lived excited state and then induce photodynamic reactions in an oxygenated environment. Such properties guarantee that PDT has an exceptionally broad action spectrum against tumors or pathogens, and resistance occurrence is restricted to only a few exceptions that can be avoided using simple strategies. To fully understand the intricacies of the mechanisms by which PDT acts, it is clear that one must take advantage of all the basic sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology). In fact, such conceptual complexity still maintains constant scientific investigations to deeply understand the molecular basis of PDT. Curiously, it might also be one of the reasons to explain why this hundred-year-old technique is still not generally applied in clinics or taught in standard courses of pharmacology. In this chapter, we will attempt to use a multidisciplinary approach, with simple technical language and a minimum of mathematics and equations, to allow any student with minimal training in basic sciences to understand all the fundamental mechanisms of PDT.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24448

  SELLERA, FABIO P.; SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. History of PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 1-10, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_1

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  Abstract: This chapter presents the brightest historical milestones behind the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). We initially present how photodynamic reactions were first observed by scientists from three different countries in the beginning of the twentieth century. Oskar Raab, from Germany, observed by accident that protozoan cells stained with fluorescent dyes were killed upon illumination, while Prime, in France, reported that human subjects who ingested also fluorescent dyes for an experimental treatment of neurological diseases developed severe erythema after short exposure to sunlight. Niels Finsen, from Denmark, was awarded with the third Nobel Prize of Medicine in the history for the development of light-based treatments for skin infections. Following, we describe how PDT slowly evolved until the 1960–1970s when new generations of less toxic photosensitizers were developed for diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors. Only then PDT really became a hot scientific area that began to attract many researchers to the field. We also describe the first huge medical and economic impact that PDT as the first effective treatment for age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of adult blindness in the world. Finally, we go through the main discoveries in veterinary medicine over the past years for the treatment of localized tumors and infections in diverse animal species.

  

• IPEN-DOC 24445

  VASQUEZ, P. . Sources and equipment in radiation technologies. In: . Uses of ionizing radiation for tangible cultural heritage conservation. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017. p. 51-59, (IAEA Radiation Technology Series, 6).

  

• IPEN-DOC 24247

  VASQUEZ, P. . Fundamentals of radiation processing technology. In: . Uses of ionizing radiation for tangible cultural heritage conservation. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017. p. 43-50, (IAEA Radiation Technology Series, 6).

  

• IPEN-DOC 24331

  PRIETO, KATIA R.; ECHAIDE-AQUINO, FRANCISCO; HUERTA-ROBLES, AURORA; VALERIO, HELLEN P.; MACEDO-RAYGOZA, GLORIA; PRADO, FERNANDA M.; MEDEIROS, MARISA H.G.; BRITO, HERMI F.; SILVA, IVAN G.N. da; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; WHITE JUNIOR, JAMES F.; DI MASCIO, PAOLO; BELTRAN-GARCIA, MIGUEL J.. Endophytic bacteria and rare earth elements; promising candidates for nutrient use efficiency in plants. In: HOSSAIN, MOHAMMAD A. (Ed.); KAMIYA, TAKEHIRO (Ed.); BURRITT, DAVID J. (Ed.); TRAN, LAM-SON P. (Ed.); FUJIWARA, TORU (Ed.). Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency: molecular and genomic perspectives in crop plants. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press, 2017. p. 285-306, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811308-0.00016-8

  

• IPEN-DOC 24356

  TEOTONIO, ERCULES E.S.; RODRIGUES, LUCAS C.V.; BRITO, HERMI F.; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; MALTA, OSCAR M.L.. Photophysical and structural properties of rare-earth phenolate compounds. In: ZABICKY, JACOB (Ed.); RAPPOPORT, ZVI (Colab.); LIEBMAN, JOEL F. (Colab.); MAREK, ILAN (Colab.); PATAI, SAUL (Colab.). The Chemistry of Metal Phenolates. Chichester, UK: Wiley & Sons, 2017. p. 1-64, v. 2, cap. 4. (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups). DOI: 10.1002/9780470682531.pat0908

  

• IPEN-DOC 24234

  ROMANO, REBECA S.G. ; OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Effects of environmental aging in polypropylene obtained by injection molding. In: MAAZOUZ, ABDERRAHIM (Ed.). INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY, 32nd. Melville, NY: AIP Publishing, 2017. p. 140001-1 - 140001-5, (AIP Conference Proceedings 1914).

  Notas de conteúdo: Conference date: July 25-29, 2016. Location: Lyon, France

  Abstract: UV light, heat, and pollutants can interact with Polypropylene (PP) molecules, mainly with the tertiary carbon producing free radicals which can react with oxygen producing changes in its properties. PP has outstanding chemical and physical properties, and a good processability at very low market price. In addition PP is extensively used for manufacturing various kinds of products, however due to its large scale consumption a lot of waste is generated at the end of their life cycle to the environment with low rate degradation. This study has the objective of comparing the environmental exposure of PP (spheres) neat and PP (spheres) irradiated with 20 kGy. Dumbbell samples were manufactured by injection molding and exposed to the environment during 90 days. Another one set was exposed to gamma irradiation at 20 kGy total dose and exposed at the same conditions. The samples were characterized by Mechanical Testing, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The dumbbell samples PP 20 kGy, after environmental aging, showed oxidation with presence of surface cracks more intensely than the PP spheres neat.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23238

  OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; FERMINO, DANILO M.; KOMATSU, LUIZ G.H. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.; LINCOPAN, NILTON; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Preparation and characterization of polyethylene nanocomposites with clay and silver nanoparticles. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 709-718, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series).

  Abstract: Polyethylene is widely used for packing applications. Different grades of polyethylene, LLDPE and LDPE play a major role in the film blowing industry. The use of nanoclay in polymer matrices (non-polar) requires the use of a compatibilizer agent, ethylene graft maleic anhydride copolymer (PE-g-MA), which acts as a bridge for nanoclay-matrix-interaction. In our study, blown films of LLDPE, LDPE, and their blends were produced using a twin screw extruder. The combination of PEs as matrix, montmorillonite (MMT) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) intended to improve mechanical and thermal properties. Nanocomposites films with 1 wt% of montmorillonite and 0.5–1.0 wt% silver nanoparticles were prepared by blow extrusion and evaluated. Nanoclay intercalation/exfoliation degree was investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. The results showed optimum dispersion at intercalation/exfoliation levels for polyethylene nanocomposite (PENC), slight increasing in mechanical and especially improvement in thermal properties.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23237

  OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LIMA, LUIS F.C.P. ; OTAGURO, HARUMI; FERRETO, HELIO F.R. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Contribution to the β relaxation study of the HDPE, LDPE and LLDPE. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG., 2017. p. 617-626, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series).

  Abstract: The activation of three polyethylenes, the low density, the high density and the linear low density polyethylene, was determined by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Storage modulus and tan δ spectra were obtained as a function of the temperature from −60 to 50 °C with a heating rate of 2° min−1 at frequencies of 1, 2 and 5 Hz and measurement strain amplitude of 10−5. In the tan δ spectra, a small peak in the β region of the three polyethylenes was found and substantiated by subtracting the growing exponential background. This procedure was based on a model that associates the dislocation motion on metals under cyclic stress to vibrating strings and considering the same for the polymeric chains. For the determination of the activation energy we have utilized the frequency versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature peak of the tan δ. The values obtained for the three polyethylenes, the low density, the high density and the linear low density were, 362 ± 12, 266 ± 9 and 197 ± 6 kJ mol−1, respectively, which were compared with those presented in the literature.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23234

  MAIHARA, VERA A. ; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T. ; BARBOSA JUNIOR, FERNANDO. Elementos Tóxicos. In: COUTINHO, WALTER L. (Ed.); COZZOLINO, SILVIA M.F. (Org.). Biodisponibilidade de nutrientes. 5 ed. Barueri, SP: Manole, 2016. p. 921-956,

  

• IPEN-DOC 23942

  MOREIRA, JOSE R.S.; GRIMONI, JOSE A.B.; ROCHA, MARCELO da S. . Energia e panorama energético. In: MOREIRA, JOSE R.S. (Org.). Energias renováveis, geração distribuída e eficiência energética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: LTC, 2017. p. 1-13,

  

• IPEN-DOC 23944

  COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; MARTINS, ELAINE A.J. ; FURUSAWA, HELIO A. ; SHIHOMATSU, HELENA M. ; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; LEBRE, DANIEL T. ; OTOMO, JULIANA I. ; SILVA, LARISSA L. da ; ADAME, GISELE ; BRITO, CARLOS F. de ; PEREIRA, KAROLINE de P. ; SILVA, JULIANA C. da ; SILVA, DOUGLAS B. da ; FAUSTINO, MAINARA G. ; MARQUES, JOYCE R. ; STELLATO, THAMIRIS B. ; SILVA, TATIANE B. de S.C. da ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. . Qualidade ecológica da Represa Guarapiranga: água e sedimentos superficiais: multitraçadores ambientais - metais, elementos-traço, interferentes endócrinos, HPAS e fármacos. In: MOURA, RAILSON (Ed.); BICUDO, CARLOS E. de M. (Org.); BICUDO, DENISE de C. (Org.). 100 anos da represa Guarapiranga: lições e desafios. Curitiba: CRV, 2017. p. 309-382,

  

• IPEN-DOC 23941

  PIRES, MARIA A.F. ; MARTINS, ELAINE A.J. ; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; BRITO, CARLOS F. de ; SILVA, DOUGLAS B. da ; PEREIRA, KAROLINE de P. ; SILVA, JULIANA C. da ; MUCHON, GABRIELA; JESUS, TATIANE A. de; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. . Principais contaminantes na Represa Guarapiranga: condições pretéritas e recentes. In: MOURA, RAILSON (Ed.); BICUDO, CARLOS E. de M. (Org.); BICUDO, DENISE de C. (Org.). 100 anos da represa Guarapiranga: lições e desafios. Curitiba: CRV, 2017. p. 281-307,

  

• IPEN-DOC 23925

  SUZIN E SILVA, MIRNA M. ; CARVALHO, ELITA F.U. de ; RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. . Tratamento oxidativo em águas residuais da mineração de urânio com oxidação avançada de ozônio. In: PINHEIRO, ALEX G. (Colab.); SILVA, CARLA M. (Colab.); MENDES, ERLON (Colab.); WAJC, ISAC M. (Colab.); YAMANAKA, MARCOS H. (Colab.); QUADRI, MARINTHO B. (Colab.); SUZIN E SILVA, MIRNA M. (Colab.); GUIMARAES, NATALIA R. (Colab.); MOREIRA JUNIOR, PAULO F. (Colab.); MANFIOLETTI, SUELEN Z. (Colab.)ANGIOLETTO, ELIDIO (Coord.); CARVALHO, ELITA F.U. de (Coord.); BIAZINI FILHO, FRANCISCO L. (Coord.); LAGE FILHO, FREDERICO A. (Coord.); RIELLA, HUMBERTO G. (Coord.); SANTOS, IVAN (Coord.); DEPINTOR, JOSE C. (Coord.); BOSCOV, MARIA E.G. (Coord.); MENASCE, SAMY (Coord.); . Ozônio na recuperação de solos e recursos hídricos contaminados por mineração. Criciúma, SC: UNESC, 2016. p. 71-109,

  Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23894

  BARROS, LIVIA F. ; PECEQUILO, BRIGITTE R.S. . The influence of environmental aspects in the variation of natural radioactivity levels in selected brazilian beach sand samples. In: CESSA, MARGARET (Ed.). Beaches: erosion, management practices and environmental implications. Hauppauge, Nova Iorque, EUA: Nova Science Publishers, 2014. p. 73-99, (Environmental Health - Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors).

  Abstract: At beaches, environmental implications added to shoreline erosion and artificial interventions on native structure may alter the concentration of the natural radionuclides in certain regions of the coast. In this work, eleven locations at Camburi beach, known to be a naturally high background region, were studied in 2011. The influence of environmental aspects, as geology, average temperatures, variations of the height of the tides and the rainfall levels were related with the variation of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities concentrations, during the year 2011 and annual effective dose were evaluated from the 226Ra, 232Th and 40K sands activities concentrations. Sand samples were monthly collected during 2011, dried, sealed in standard 100 mL HPDE polyethylene flasks and measured by high resolution gamma spectrometry after a 4 weeks in-growth period. The results, considering samples gamma-rays self-attenuation, show activities concentrations in the range from 4 Bq kg-1 to 1380 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 9 Bq kg-1 to 7453 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, and 6 Bq kg-1 to 504 Bq kg-1 for 40K. The absorbed dose rate (D) in outdoor air values laid from 9 nGy.h-1 to 5160 nGy.h-1 .The annual effective dose values for the sand samples considering a daily exposure of 24 hours all year round laid from 0.05 mSv.y-1 to 31.64 mSv.y-1. The annual effective dose values for the sand samples considering daily exposure of one hour all year round laid from 0.002 mSv.y-1 to 1.318 mSv.y-1.The annual effective dose (E) for the beach collection points for a resident of Vitoria city, with one hour daily exposure all year round by collection point laid from 0.003 mSv.y-1 to 0.232 mSv.y-1. The annual effective dose (E) for the collection points from Camburi beach for a tourist with 8 hours daily exposure on january, july or both, laid from 0.004 mSv.y-1 to 0.446 mSv.y-1. For a resident of Vitoria city and for a tourist, in the conditions of exposure of this work, all values of E are lower than the limit of 1 mSv y-1, recommended for ICRP 60 for the general public. In some months of the year 2011, low average temperatures, low rainfall levels and low variations of the height of the tides can be related with high 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities concentrations. In April and in October, high rainfall levels and high variations of the height of the tides can be related with low 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities concentrations.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23710

  MUCCILLO, R. ; MUCCILLO, E.N.S. ; FONSECA, F.C. ; FLORIO, D.Z. de. Low temperature ac electric field-assisted sintering of unitary anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell. In: PFEIFER, THOMAS (Ed.); MATYAS, JOSEF (Ed.); BALAYA, PALANI (Ed.); SINGH, DILEEP (Ed.); WEI, JOHN S. (Ed.). Ceramics for Energy Conversion, Storage, and Distribution Systems: ceramic transactions. v. 255. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

  Abstract: Unitary planar solid oxide fuel cells (cathode La0.84Sr0.16MnO3 thin film/solid electrolyte ZrO2:8 mol% Y2O3 thin film/anode ZrO2:8 mol% Y2O3/NiO 55/45 vol.% 5.0 x 5.0 x 1.5 mm3 thick pellet) were prepared by electric field-assisted sintering. The application of multiple 300 V.cm-1 pulses at 1 kHz with 1-5 A limiting current at 1100 oC for 10 min produced single SOFC devices with dense electrolyte and porous anode and cathode. The electrical conductivity of the cells, measured at 590 oC by the impedance spectroscopy technique in the 5 Hz-13 MHz range in a HP4192A impedance analyzer, showed the increase in the electrical conductivity in comparison with the conventionally sintered cell. The microstructure of cross sections of the cells was observed in a scanning electron microscope. The images of the electric field-assisted sintered cells showed dense electrolyte and porous anode and cathode. Joule heating, provoked by the AC electric current pulses resulting from the application of the AC voltage, promoted NiO reduction at the anode, detected by EDX analysis in its intergranular region. L/L0 dilatometry shrinkage curves, J x t electric current pulses, Z'() x Z''() impedance plots and scanning electron microscopy micrographs show how anode-electrolyte-cathode ceramic cells can be sintered at temperatures lower than the usually required.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23566

  POVEDA, PATRICIA N.S. ; SILVA, LEONARDO G.A. . Study of synergistic effect of light stabilizer additive, conventional and nanoparticles, applied to polyethylene films submitted to ultraviolet radiation. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.); KALAY, YUNUS E. (Ed.); GOSWAMI, RAMASIS (Ed.); KIM, JEONGGUK (Ed.). Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2017. p. 777-785, (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series).

  Abstract: Thermoplastic materials are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation (UV), which can cause structural changes, causing variation in mechanical properties and appearance. UV range between 250 and 400 nm is considered the most aggressive to polymers, and prolonged exposure to it results in breakage and/or crosslinking chains. Light stabilizer additives, blockers or absorbers are added to the polymers for protection in order to extend the life of the final product. The choice of the adequate light stabilizer additive system depends on factors such as resin final application, thickness, geographic location of exposure, presence of fillers in the composition, contact with chemicals, among others. This study evaluates different additive systems: conventional organic, inorganic nanotechnologyc base and the synergy between them when applied to polyethylene considering carbonyl index and UV/VIS results after aging by QUV chamber.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23567

  TEOTONIO, ERCULES E.S.; FAUSTINO, WAGNER M.; BRITO, HERMI F.; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; MOURA, JANDEILSON L.; COSTA, ISRAEL F.; SANTOS, PAULO R.S.. Mechanoluminescence of coordination compounds. In: OLAWALE, DAVID O. (Ed.); OKOLI, OKENWA O.I. (Ed.); FONTENOT, ROSS S. (Ed.); HOLLERMAN, WILLIAM A. (Ed.). Triboluminescence: theory, synthesis, and application. Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 39-63,

  

• IPEN-DOC 23973

  BALDOCHI, S.L. ; MORATO, S.P. . Fluoride bulk crystals growth. In: HASHMI, SALEEM (Ed.). Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. Oxford: Elsevier, 2016. p. 1-6,

  Abstract: Fluoride crystals have long presented a challenge for chemists and physicists, because their preparation often requires very specific procedures. Their synthesis usually requires the use of toxic and/or corrosive materials, procedures demanding suitable equipment, and safety operational norms. Additionally, most of the fluoride compounds are moisture sensitive. As a result, a dry working environment is needed. In spite of this, fluoride crystals have found many applications as dosimeters, information storage devices, X-ray monochromators, and, in particular, in the field of optics as laser hosts and other components such as windows, which has encouraged the development of research work on the preparation of large crystals. The successful preparation of bulk fluoride crystals is dependent upon a number of factors directly related to the crystal growth conditions of the most important is the purity of the raw material. The choice of high purity commercial salts will not always assure the growth of a crystal with high quality. First, the manipulation of fluorides without the correct procedures can easily introduce moisture contamination. Fluorides are very sensitive to water and oxygen, which are always present in the work environment. Second, commercial fluorides are rarely of sufficient purity, with respect to oxygen contaminants. Usually, starting materials are ‘five-nines’ (99.999%) pure with respect to the cation. Oxygen-related impurities, such as OH , COH , NO2 , present vibrational modes in the infrared range. Their presence, even in small concentrations, can be detrimental to the quality of infrared optical devices. In general, most simple fluoride crystals, such as alkali halides (LiF, NaF, RbF) or alkaline-earth fluorides (CaF2, SrF2, BaF2), are grown directly from commercial chemicals, after a preliminary treatment to eliminate moisture and oxygen contaminants. However, more complex fluoride compounds (e.g., LiSrAlF6 or BaY2F8) need to be carefully synthesized before the growth process. A preliminary treatment or synthesis of the raw material to be used for the crystal preparation is the first step in the growth of fluoride crystals.

  

• IPEN-DOC 23512

  FUNGARO, DENISE A. ; REIS, THAIS V. da S. ; LOGLI, MARCO A.; OLIVEIRA, NARA A. de. Advances in production of value-added products from sugarcane straw ash. In: DANIELS, J.A. (Ed.). Advances in Environmental Research. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2015. p. 1-22,

  Abstract: This chapter describes how sugarcane straw ash (SCSA), an agricultural waste of sugar industry, was utilized for the production of value-added products. Samples of SCSA were used on synthesis of silica gel and zeolitic material by alkaline conventional hydrothermal treatment and fusion method. The effect of synthesis parameters was studied and the conditions optimized. The materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques, particle size analyzer, TG/DSC and nitrogen physisorption. The presence of zeolites NaP1 and hydroxysodalite confirms successful conversion of native SCSA into zeolitic material. Furthermore, silica gel was prepared by using SCSA as sodium silicate source. Zeolitic material from sugarcane straw ash was examined by removal of dye from aqueous solution. The use of the sugarcane straw ash for production of silica gel and zeolitic material, value-added products, appears as an alternative and environmental friendly use of this byproduct, once it is an agricultural residue, that doesn't have another important use.

  

• IPEN-DOC 22898

  MAZZILLI, BARBARA P. . Mineração de fosfato e produção de ácido fosfórico. In: REIS, ROCIO G. dos (Ed.). NORM: guia prático. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Edição do Autor, 2016. p. 89-98,

  

• IPEN-DOC 22895

  MAZZILLI, BARBARA P. . Comportamento dos radionuclídeos no ecossistema. In: REIS, ROCIO G. dos (Ed.). NORM: guia prático. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Edição do Autor, 2016. p. 61-72,

  

• IPEN-DOC 22824

  DUARTE, C.L. . Irradiation of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production. In: AL-ASSAF, SAPHWAN (Ed.); COQUERET, XAVIER (Ed.); DAHLAN, KHAIRUL Z.H.M. (Ed.); SEN, MURAT (Ed.); ULANSKI, PIOTR (Ed.). The Radiation Chemistry of Polysaccharides. Vienna, Austria: IAEA, 2016. p. 349-369,

  Palavras-Chave: bagasse; biofuels; biomass; ethanol; irradiation; power generation; raw materials; saccharose; sugar cane; thermal power plants; wind power; ionizing radiations

  

• IPEN-DOC 22777

  BORRELY, SUELI I. ; TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO C.S.C.; PIVELI, ROQUE P.; CAMPOS, FABIO; PEREIRA, MARIA da C.C. ; OGIHARA, VANESSA H. ; SILVA, MARCELA P.; LASTRE-ACOSTA, ARLEN M.; BATISTA, ANA P. dos S.. Chemical pollutants in water and wastewater and related Eco toxicity: advanced developing technologies for organic degradation. In: LEUNG, JONATHAN Y.S. (Ed.). Water Resources: problem and solution. Hyderabad, India: OMICS Group International, 2016. p. irregular,

  Observação: e-book

  Abstract: Environmental issues nowadays include the presence of contaminants in waters that are increasing in numbers and classes of chemicals. The environmental and human health will always depend on the protection of the air, waters, and soil. The industrial activities are as important as agriculture but a more clean production is imperative. The subject of this chapter is to discuss the xenobiotics contaminants in water and wastewaters and their related toxicity. A second issue is to show some data related to new possible technologies, under development, and their potency for decomposition of organic contaminants. Acute toxicity results evidenced the importance of this tool for assessing the impacts of toxins to living organisms and here they were used for the evaluation of proposed technologies for wastewater improvement. Three treatment technology options were presented (advanced oxidative processes, AOPs; photolysis by UV radiation, also including the Photo-Fenton processes and Ultra-sound; a special biomidia used as an additive effort to enhance biomass in order to treat landifill leachate in a sewage mixture). The last technique and Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) was assessed for also for toxicity removals. Daphnia similis water flea and Vibrio fischeri bacteria were the target organisms for the evaluation of these processes. Acute effects removal > 20% was achieved for fluoxetine irradiated at 5kGy. ATZ acute effects were efficiently removed after 60 min of exposure to UV radiation and the combined IFAS processes were the most effective process for toxicity removal.

  Palavras-Chave: pollutants; water; wastes; toxicity; electron beams; irradiation; oxidation; pesticides; drugs; photolysis; iron complexes; xenobiotics; organic compounds; daphnia; ultraviolet radiation

  

• IPEN-DOC 22716

  RIBEIRO, MARIA A.M. . Energia Nuclear. In: PHILIPPI JUNIOR, ARLINDO (Ed.); REIS, LINEU B. dos (Ed.). Energia e sustentabilidade. Barueri, SP: Manole, 2016. p. 249-305, (Coleção ambiental, 19).

  

• IPEN-DOC 22707

  AGUIAR, A.A. ; LIMA, N.B. de ; BRAGA, F.J.C. ; ROSSI, W. ; COUTO, A.A. ; BALDAN, R.. Evaluation of biomimetic coatings on femtosecond laser treated alumina and alumina-zirconia composite surfaces. In: OCHSNER, ANDREAS (Ed.); ALTENBACH, HOLM (Ed.). Machining, joining and modifications of advanced materials. Singapura: Springer, 2016. p. 141-157,

  Abstract: The effect of texturing Al2O3 and Al2O3/ZrO2 surfaces using fem- 7 tosecond laser has been evaluated in terms of the roughness, wettability and 8 microstructure of the substrate to increase growth efficiency and adhesion of 9 hydroxyapatite. Femtosecond laser treatment of these materials causes phase 10 transformation from alpha-alumina to gamma-alumina. Heat effects during fem- 11 tosecond laser treatment causes the grains to be in the nanometer scale. Without 12 heat effects, the grains are in the micrometer scale. The use of femtosecond laser 13 permits control of the surface roughness of the alumina specimens. The higher the 14 femtosecond laser energy, the higher is the wettability of the specimen and the total 15 surface energy. Specimens with laser textured surfaces upon immersion in 1.5 SBF 16 for 6 and 15 days revealed apatite layers well bonded to the substrate and without 17 detachment. The adhesion of apatite to surfaces of specimens that were not textured 18 with femtosecond laser was inadequate

  Palavras-Chave: evaluation; coatings; lasers; aluminium oxides; zinc oxides; composite materials; surfaces; roughness; wettability; microstructure; substrates; apatites

  

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