# REPOSITÓRIO DIGITAL DA PRODUÇÃO TÉCNICO CIENTÍFICA

Apresentação

O Repositório Digital do IPEN é um equipamento institucional de acesso aberto, criado com o objetivo de reunir, preservar, disponibilizar e conferir maior visibilidade à Produção Científica publicada pelo Instituto, desde sua criação em 1956.

Operando, inicialmente como uma base de dados referencial o Repositório foi disponibilizado na atual plataforma, em junho de 2015. No Repositório está disponível o acesso ao conteúdo digital de artigos de periódicos, eventos, nacionais e internacionais, livros, capítulos, dissertações, teses e relatórios técnicos. [Saiba mais]

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# Submissões recentes

• IPEN-DOC 24758

. Classification of natural circulation two-phase flow image patterns based on self-organizing maps of full frame DCT coefficients. Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 335, p. 161-171, 2018.

Abstract: Many of the recent nuclear power plant projects use natural circulation as heat removal mechanism. The accuracy of heat transfer parameters estimation has been improved through models that require precise prediction of two-phase flow pattern transitions. Image patterns of natural circulation instabilities were used to construct an automated classification system based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). The system is used to investigate the more appropriate image features to obtain classification success. An efficient automated classification system based on image features can enable better and faster experimental procedures on two-phase flow phenomena studies. A comparison with a previous fuzzy inference study was foreseen to obtain classification power improvements. In the present work, frequency domain image features were used to characterize three different natural circulation two-phase flow instability stages to serve as input to a SOM clustering algorithm. Full-Frame Discrete Cosine Transform (FFDCT) coefficients were obtained for 32 image samples for each instability stage and were organized as input database for SOM training. A systematic training/test methodology was used to verify the classification method. Image database was obtained from two-phase flow experiments performed on the Natural Circulation Facility (NCF) at Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Brazil. A mean right classification rate of 88.75% was obtained for SOMs trained with 50% of database. A mean right classificationrate of 93.98% was obtained for SOMs trained with 75% of data. These mean rates were obtained through 1000 different randomly sampled training data. FFDCT proved to be a very efficient and compact image feature to improve image-based classification systems. Fuzzy inference showed to be more flexible and able to adapt to simpler statistical features from only one image profile. FFDCT features resulted in more precise results when applied to a SOM neural network, though had to be applied to the full original grayscale matrix for all flow images to be classified.

• IPEN-DOC 24757

. Is my bottom-up uncertainty estimation on metal measurement adequate?. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 975, n. 012009, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: Is the estimated uncertainty under GUM recommendation associated with metal measurement adequately estimated? How to evaluate if the measurement uncertainty really covers all uncertainty that is associated with the analytical procedure? Considering that, many laboratories frequently underestimate or less frequently overestimate uncertainties on its results; this paper presents the evaluation of estimated uncertainties on two ICP-OES procedures of seven metal measurements according to GUM approach. Horwitz function and proficiency tests scaled standard uncertainties were used in this evaluation. Our data shows that most elements expanded uncertainties were from two to four times underestimated. Possible causes and corrections are discussed herein.

• IPEN-DOC 24756

. Estimating the planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde and doppler lidar measurements in the city of São Paulo - Brazil. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 06015, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: This study aims to compare the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) values estimated by radiosonde data through the bulk Richardson number (BRN) method and by Doppler lidar measurements through the Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR) method, which corresponds to the maximum of the variance of CNR profile. The measurement campaign was carried during the summer of 2015/2016 in the city of São Paulo. Despite the conceptual difference between these methods, the results show great agreement between them.

• IPEN-DOC 24755

. Elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the Florianópolis Dyke Swarm (Paraná Magmatic Province): crustal contamination and mantle source constraints. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 355, n. SI, p. 149-164, 2018.

Abstract: The Florianópolis Dyke Swarm is located in Santa Catarina Island, comprising also the adjacent continental area, and belongs to the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP). The dyke outcrops in the island are 0.1–70 m thick and most of them are coast-parallel (NE-SWtrending), with subordinate NW-SE trending. The vast majority of the dykes has SiO2 varying from 50 to 55 wt% and relatively high-Ti (TiO2 N 3 wt%) contents and these rocks were divided using the criteria commonly used to distinguish the different magma-types identified in the volcanic rocks fromthe PMP. The Urubici dykes (Sr N 550 μg/g) are themost abundant and some of them experienced crustal contamination reaching to 10%, as evidenced by low P2O5/K2O (0.30–0.21), high (Rb/Ba)PM (1.0–2.2), and radiogenic Sr and Pb isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sri up to 0.70716 (back to 125 Ma) and 206Pb/204Pbm up to 19.093). The Pitanga (Sr b 550 μg/g) and the basaltic trachyandesite dykes are less abundant and almost all of them were also substantially affected by at least 15% of crustal assimilation, evidenced by high (Rb/Ba)PM (up to 2.6) and Sr (87Sr/86Sri = 0.70737–0.71758) and Pb (206Pb/204Pbm = 18.446–19.441) isotope ratios, as well as low P2O5/K2O values (0.30–0.18). The low-Ti (TiO2 b 2 wt%) dykes are scarce and show a large compositional variability (SiO2: 50.4–64.5 wt%), with similar geochemical characteristics of the low-Ti volcanic rocks (Gramado-Palmas) from southern PMP, although the most primitive dykes show hybrid characteristics of Ribeira and Esmeralda magmas. The presence of granitic xenoliths with border reactions and dykeswith diffuse contacts indicate that crustal contamination probably occurred by assimilation from re-melted the host rocks. Considering only the high-Ti Urubici dykes that were not affected by crustal contamination, the Sr, Nd and Pb isotope mixing modelling indicates the participation of a heterogeneous metasomatized (refertilized) subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). This mantle source was originated by partial melting of a depleted sublithospheric mantle (DMM – Depleted Mantle MORB), which was hybridized by addition of pyroxenite (b5%) and carbonatite (up to 2%) melts. The isotope mixing modelling also points to a significant participation (up to 50%) of Archean SCLM, not evidenced in the mantle sources of the northern PMP high-Ti Pitanga flows (dominated by Neoproterozoic SCLM).

• IPEN-DOC 24754

. Nucleation front instability in two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (CGO) formation. CrystEngComm, v. 20, n. 10, p. 1405-1410, 2018.

Abstract: Herein we report for the first time the synthesis of ceramic-organic three-dimensional (3D) layered gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (Ce1-XGdXO2-delta,CGO) and its exfoliation into two-dimensional (2D) nano-sheets. We adopt a water-based synthetic route via a homogenous precipitation approach at low temperatures (10-80 degrees C). The reaction conditions are tuned to investigate the effects of thermal energy on the final morphology. A low temperature (40 degrees C) morphological transition from nanoparticles (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets is observed and associated with a low thermal energy transition of ca. 2.6 kJ mol(-1). For the 3D-layered material, exfoliation experiments are conducted in water/ethanol solutions. Systems at volume fractions ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 are demonstrated to promote under ultrasonic treatment the delamination into 2D nanosheets.

• IPEN-DOC 24753

. Numerical methodology for fluid-structure interaction analysis of nuclear fuel plates under axial flow conditions. Nuclear Engineering and Design, v. 333, p. 76-86, 2018.

Abstract: Shell-type fuel elements are widely used in nuclear research reactors. The nuclear fuel is contained in parallel shells, flat or curved, that are separated by narrow channels through which the fluid flows to remove the heat generated by fission reactions. A major problem of this fuel assembly design is the hydraulic instability of the shells caused by the high flow velocities. The objective of the study presented here is the development of a fluid-structure interaction methodology to investigate numerically the onset of hydroelastic instability of flat-shell-type fuel elements, also known as plate-type fuel assemblies, under axial flow conditions. The system analyzed consists of two nuclear fuel plates bounded by three-equal coolant channels. It is developed using the commercial codes ANSYS CFX for modeling the fluid flow and ANSYS Mechanical to model the plates. The fluid-structure interaction methodology predicts a behavior consistent with other theoretical and experimental works. Particularly, the maximum deflection of the plates is detected at the leading edge and it is a linear function of the square of the fluid velocity up to the Miller’s theoretical value. For velocities above this value, a nonlinear relationship is observed. This relationship indicates that structural changes are taking place in the plates. Furthermore, for fluid velocities greater than the Miller’s velocity, an extra deflection peak is observed near the trailing edge of the plates. Thus, structural alterations also happen along the length of the flat-shells.

• IPEN-DOC 24751

. Synthetic polycrystals of CaSiO3 un-doped and Cd, B, Dy, Eu-doped for gamma and neutron detection. Journal of Luminescence, v. 201, p. 5-10, 2018.

Abstract: The undoped and B, Cd, Dy, Eu doped synthetic CaSiO3 polycrystals were produced in the laboratory. They are very sensitive γ-ray detectors with main prominent TL peak occurring at about 270 °C, this peak was obtained using 4 °C/s heating rate. The TL behavior changes very little by doping with B, Cd and Dy while Eu doping brings changes. These minerals can be used also for neutron dosimetry. Thermal neutrons react with Ca, Si and O through (n, γ) process and γ emitted in this reaction added to γ-rays of the reactor that produces thermal neutrons and are responsible for induction of thermoluminiscence. The TL response of CaSiO3 is linear for dose < 10 Gy and then has a supralinear behavior up to about 7 kGy and saturating beyond.

• IPEN-DOC 24750

. Rehearsal for assessment of atmospheric optical properties during biomass burning events and long-range transportation episodes at metropolitan area of São Paulo-Brazil (RAPEL). EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 08011, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: During the period of August-September 2016 an intensive campaign was carried out to assess aerosol properties in São Paulo-Brazil aiming to detect long-range aerosol transport events and to characterize the instrument regarding data quality. Aerosol optical properties retrieved by the GALION - LALINET SPU lidar station and collocated AERONET sunphotometer system are presented as extinction/ backscatter vertical profiles with microphysical products retrieved with GRASP inversion algorithm.

• IPEN-DOC 24749

. Construindo pontes entre ciência e sociedade: divulgação científica sobre irradiação de alimentos. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 6, n. 1, p. 01-13, 2018.

• IPEN-DOC 24748

. Mechanical characterization of basalt and glass fiber epoxy composite tube. Materials Research - Ibero-American Journal of Materials, v. 21, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2018.

Abstract: The application of basalt fibers are possible in many areas thanks to its multiple and good properties. It exhibits excellent resistance to alkalis, similar to glass fiber, at a much lower cost than carbon and aramid fibers In the present paper, a comparative study on mechanical properties of basalt and E-glass fiber composites was performed. Results of apparent hoop tensile strength test of ring specimens cut from tubes and the interlaminar shear stress (ILSS) test are presented Tensile tests using split disk method provide reasonably accurate properties with regard to the apparent hoop tensile strength of polymer reinforced composites Comparison between the two tubes showed higher basalt fiber composite performance on apparent hoop tensile strength (45% higher) and on the interfacial property interlaminar shear stress (ILSS) (11% higher) New data obtained in this work on basalt fiber composite tubes confirm the literature for basalt fiber composite with other geometries, where it overcomes mechanical properties of the widely used glass fiber composites.

• IPEN-DOC 24747

. Potentially toxic elements downward mobility in an impounded vehicle scrapyard. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 316, n. 2, p. 819-830, 2018.

Abstract: In Brazil impounded vehicle scrapyards (IVS) are often overcrowded and may pose a source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In this study, PTEs content in soil cores and groundwater of an IVS located at a municipality of the So Paulo metropolitan region was assessed. INAA, XRF and ICP-MS were the analytical techniques employed. PTEs results and statistical approaches indicated that As, Pb, Ni, Cu and Nb are mostly anthropic. Pb, Cu, Ni and Nb mass fraction increased with depth indicating some downward mobility. Arsenic may represent a moderate to very high potential ecological risk. PTEs groundwater levels were bellow drinking water recommendation limits.

• IPEN-DOC 24745

. South american aerosol tracking - LALINET. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 09009, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: LALINET lidar stations were used to track down aerosols generated over Amazon region and transported over the continent. These data were merged with collocated Aeronet stations in order to help in their identification together with HYSPLIT simulations. The results show potential indication of how aerosol can age in their long transport over regions South and Westward from the source areas by change of their optical properties.

• IPEN-DOC 24744

. Lalinet status - station expansion and lidar ratio systematic measurements. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 09002, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: LALINET is expanding regionally to guarantee spatial coverage over South and Central Americas. One of the network goals is to obtain a set of regional representative aerosol optical properties such as particle backscatter, extinction and lidar ratio. Given the North-South extension and influence of distinct airmass circulation patterns it is paramount to distinguish these optical parameters in order to gain better perfomance in radiation transfer models. A set of lidar ratio data is presented.

• IPEN-DOC 24743

. Vacuumed collagen-impregnated bioglass scaffolds: characterization and influence on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: applied biomaterials, v. xx, n. xx, p. XX-XX, 2018.

Abstract: This study evaluated physical–chemical characteristics of a vacuumed collagen-impregnated bioglass (BG) scaffolds and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) behavior on those composites. scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive xray spectroscope demonstrated collagen (Col) was successfully introduced into BG. Vacuum impregnation system has showed efficiency for Col impregnation in BG scaffolds (approximately 20 wt %). Furthermore, mass weight decreasing and more stabilized pH were observed over time for BG/Col upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline compared to plain BG under same conditions. Calcium evaluation (Ca assay) demonstrated higher calcium uptake for BG/Col samples compared to BG. In addition, BG samples presented hydroxyapatite crystals formation on its surface after 14 days in simulated body fluid solution, and signs of initial degradation were observed for BG and BG/Col after 21 days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra for both groups indicated peaks for hydroxyapatite formation. Finally, a significant increase of BMSCs viability for both composites was observed compared to control group, but no increase of osteogenic differentiation-related gene expressions were found. In summary, BG/Col scaffolds have improved degradation, pH equilibrium and Ca mineralization over time, accompanied by hydroxyapatite formation. Moreover, both BG and BG/Col scaffolds were biocompatible and noncytotoxic, promoting a higher cell viability compared to control. Future investigations should focus on additional molecular and in vivo studies in order to evaluate biomaterial performance for bone tissue engineering applications.

• IPEN-DOC 24742

. Red-emitting magnetic nanocomposites assembled from Ag-decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 and Y2O3:Eu3+: impact of iron-oxide/silver nanoparticles on Eu3+ emission. Chemistryselect, v. 3, n. 4, p. 1157-1167, 2018.

Abstract: The new multistep approach for co-assembling magnetic iron oxide nanoflowers with red-emitting Y2O3:Eu3+ to form luminescent and magnetic nanocomposites was reported. The Fe3O4 core prepared by solvothermal method was layered by SiO2 shell and decorated with small size spherical Ag nanoparticles as well as further coated with Y2O3:Eu3+ luminophore. The nanoflower shape Fe3O4 core of size similar to 110 nm and crystalline cubic structure of bifunctional iron-oxide@Y2O3:Eu3+, Fe3O4@SiO2@Y2O3:Eu3+ and Fe3O4@SiO2-Ag@Y2O3:Eu3+ (1 mol%) nanomaterials were confirmed from X-rays diffraction, EDS spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The static magnetic measurements supported and manifested nonsuperparamagnetic behavior of the materials at 300 K. The iron oxides are usually luminescence quenchers. In order to rationalize this effect, their optical properties based on their emission spectral data and luminescence decay curves were studied. Experimental intensity parameters (Wl), lifetimes (t), intrinsic quantum yield (Q(Ln)(Ln)) as well as radiative (Arad) and non-radiative (Anrad) decay rates were calculated to probe the local chemical environment of the Eu3+ ion and to better understand the phenomena of iron oxide induced luminescence quenching. The highest value of the intrinsic quantum yield (Q(Ln)(Ln) = 74%) for the alpha-Fe2O3@Y2O3:Eu3+ (1 mol%) among all the luminescent and magnetic nanocomposites suggests that alpha-Fe2O3 phase induces a lower luminescence quenching then Fe3O4/g-Fe2O3. The SiO2 thin layer leads to improve the luminescence efficiency, whereas the Ag nanoparticles act as luminescence quencher. These novel Eu3+ nanomaterials may act as a red emitting layer for magnetic and light converting molecular devices.

• IPEN-DOC 24741

. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in tissue repair process. Microscopy Research & Technique, v. 81, n. 6, p. 579-589, 2018.

Abstract: Synthetic biomaterials submitted to new structural technologies have become ideal for the recovery of traumatized bone tissues and some bone substitutes such as bioactive glass, β‐Tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are being used in areas of tissue defects. For this study, ACP was produced in the form of fibers and then submitted to cytotoxicity testing. A sample of ACP was inserted into the mandibular region of a patient with a lost implant so after removal and curettage, the remaining bone site was filled with the ACP biomaterial. Preliminary cytotoxicity test was negative. After 15 weeks of healing, a titanium implant was inserted at the site. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up was conducted for 12 months and sequential radiographic analyses revealed tissue formation resembling spongy bone. Images under immunohistochemistry demonstrated efficient deposition and osteoconduction of the newly deposited tissue. Residual portion of the CaO:P2O5 outer layers served as a substrate for osteoid matrix deposition, aiding growth, and the results of fiber absorption favored maturation of the new bone tissue.

• IPEN-DOC 24740

. Special section on the 8th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography (WCIPT8). Measurement Science and Technology, v. 29, n. 060101, 2018.

Abstract: Multiphase flow systems are widely used in the industrial production of polymers, minerals, pharmaceuticals and food processing, among others. Industrial process tomography (IPT) may contribute to increase the production and quality control of the means of production or the industrial product itself. There has been a remarkable development in IPT technology over the past two decades, a fact demonstrated by the quality and innovation of the works presented at the 8th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography (WCIPT8). This scientific meeting, held in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, in September 2016, was crowned by a high scientific and technological level within the natural beauty of the Iguaçu Falls. New sensor technologies and the processing of electronic signals have been continuously under development, and these themes were discussed in the WCIPT8. These new technologies are being implemented in the new IPT versions and, as a corollary, some improvement in the sensitivity of what may be measured with modern IPTs, with the desired accuracy, has been observed. In addition, the miniaturization of sensors and the use of nano-technology push these limits further. Further, thanks to the advancement of modern computers, sophisticated online image reconstruction algorithms are now available and have been incorporated into modern IPT allowing in-situ and on-line data processing. A large number of IPT measurement principles have been and are still under development: electrical methods, such as the measurement of capacitance, inductance and resistance, optical and radiation-based methods, ranging from infrared, microwave, x-rays, gamma rays and even neutrons, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and acoustic methods, to mention a few. The sensor technology for a specific application is primarily selected to achieve sensitivity to a physical property which differs for each of the components of the process, e.g. density or electrical permittivity. For the measurement or imaging of more than two components, multi-modality systems are often employed, either by measuring with one principle at several wavelengths or energies, or by combining several independent sensor principles. IPT is inherently interdisciplinary, so that R&D requires skills in each of the engineering processes (chemical, combustion, pharmaceutical, etc), physics and electronic engineering for the sensor system, plus mathematics and computer science for data processing algorithms. This special issue of Measurement Science and Technology presents innovative papers on IPT technologies, presented at the 8th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography (WCIPT8), promoted by the International Society on Industrial Process Tomography (ISIPT) and organized by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) and the Federal University of Technology, Parana. We hope that all readers of this Special Section may find not only interesting information, but also data that is useful for their scientific work.

• IPEN-DOC 24739

. Synthesis and luminescence studies of Tb-doped MgO-MgAl2O4-Mg2SiO4 ceramic for use in radiation dosimetry. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, v. 135, p. 219-223, 2018.

Abstract: In the present work, MgO ceramic samples with different terbium concentrations were produced and the Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) properties analyzed and discussed, aiming the use in radiation dosimetry. The samples were produced using MgO, Mg(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O, Al2O3, SiO2 and Tb(NO3)(3)center dot 6H(2)O precursors in stoichiometric concentrations with five different terbium concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 mol% and after, heat-treated at high temperature similar to 1500 degrees C. X-ray diffraction measurements on samples showed the formation of MgO as principal phase, and others in low concentration due to MgAl2O4, Mg(2)Sia(4) and Tb4O7 phases. The TL. glow curve of samples showed an intense and well-defined peak having the maximum at similar to 210 degrees C and other less intense at similar to 350 degrees C. The sample with 0.1 mol% of terbium concentration presented highest luminescence peak when compared to the other samples. The relationship between 210 degrees C TL peak intensity and dose was linear to doses between 1 and 20 Gy and the minimum detectable dose obtained by interpolation taking into account three times the standard deviation of the zero dose reading, was similar to 40 mu Gy. A fading of similar to 20% during the first 5 hours after irradiation of 210 degrees C peak was observed. TL emission spectra showed strong emission lines due to Tb3+ ion. The OSL signal presented a linear behavior to doses between 1 and 10 Gy using 532 nm wavelength stimulation.

• IPEN-DOC 24738

. Detection of saharan mineral dust aerosol transport over brazilian northeast through a depolarization lidar. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 05036, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: In this study we present results of linear volume depolarization ratio profiles obtained by a depolarization lidar in operation in Natal, Brazil. The DUSTER system has 4 channels, namely: 1064, 532 s/p and 355 nm. This system is calibrated with a half-wave plate using the Δ90° methodology. The data obtained from this system is correlated with AERONET sunphotometer data, and, when available, CALIPSO satellite data. In addition a trajectory model (HYSPLIT) is used to calculate backward trajectories to assess the origin of the dust polluted air parcels. The objective is to create a transport database of Saharan dust.

• IPEN-DOC 24737

. Application of a multiple scattering model to estimate optical depth, lidar ratio and ice crystal effective radius of cirrus clouds observed with lidar. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 05037, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: Lidar measurements of cirrus clouds are highly influenced by multiple scattering (MS). We therefore developed an iterative approach to correct elastic backscatter lidar signals for multiple scattering to obtain best estimates of single-scattering cloud optical depth and lidar ratio as well as of the ice crystal effective radius. The approach is based on the exploration of the effect of MS on the molecular backscatter signal returned from above cloud top.

• IPEN-DOC 24736

. International Workshop on Utilization of Research Reactors, São Paulo, Brazil. Neutron News, v. 29, n. 1, p. 2-3,
• IPEN-DOC 24735

. Brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. Brain Structure and Function, v. 223, n. 5, p. 2229-2241, 2018.

Abstract: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor recruited by numerous cytokines. STAT5 is important for several physiological functions, including body and tissue growth, mammary gland development, immune system and lipid metabolism. However, the role of STAT5 signaling for brain functions is still poorly investigated, especially regarding cognitive aspects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether brain STAT5 signaling modulates learning and memory formation. For this purpose, brain-specific STAT5 knockout (STAT5 KO) mice were studied in well-established memory tests. Initially, we confirmed a robust reduction in STAT5a and STAT5b mRNA levels in different brain structures of STAT5 KO mice. STAT5 KO mice showed no significant alterations in metabolism, growth, somatotropic axis and spontaneous locomotor activity. In contrast, brain-specific STAT5 ablation impaired learning and memory formation in the novel object recognition, Barnes maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. To unravel possible mechanisms that might underlie the memory deficits of STAT5 KO mice, we assessed neurogenesis in the hippocampus, but no significant differences were observed between groups. On the other hand, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression was found in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of STAT5 KO mice. These findings collectively indicate that brain STAT5 signaling is required to attain normal learning and memory. Therefore, STAT5 is an important downstream cellular mechanism shared by several cytokines to regulate cognitive functions.

• IPEN-DOC 24733

. Constructal law of institutions within social organizations. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, v. 8, p. 103-125, 2018.

Abstract: This work looked for a unifying theory between physical-biological domain and social sciences. Constructal law unified physical and biological domain by telling the general sense in which flow systems tend to evolve. Management theory looks for relations between institutions and human agency. Although being state of mind entities, institutions follow constructal law. This work proposed the main organization flows are information and credit. Biologic instincts derived from Darwinian natural selection are the driving or blocking forces of such flows. Once biologic instincts systematically block information and credit flows in large numbers, this work proposed every human organization must have institutions to inhibit some behaviors. Those institutions need to be present, at least partially, in formal rules of social groups. This way it is possible to predict expansion or downfall of human groups using objective and quantifiable data. Therefore, further studies may employ classical history to confirm this theory. This work analyzed some case studies to show qualitatively the application of proposed theory. Concluding, this work gave physically- biologically grounded guidance for institutional changes.

• IPEN-DOC 24732

. A tiered approach to assess effects of diclofenac on the brown mussel Perna perna: a contribution to characterize the hazard. Water Research, v. 132, p. 361-370, 2018.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical discharges into the aquatic ecosystem are of environmental concern and sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been pointed out as the major source of these compounds to coastal zones, where oceanic disposal of sewage occurs through submarine outfalls. Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in water, but little is known about the effects on marine organisms. In this study, we employed a tiered approach involving the determination of environmental concentrations of DCF in marine water and the adverse biological effects for fertilization, embryo-larval development and biomarker responses of the mussel Perna perna. Results indicate that effects in fertilization rate and embryo-larval development were found in the order of mg$L 1. However, low concentrations of DCF (ng$L 1) significantly decreased the lysosomal membrane stability and COX activity, as well as triggered DNA damage, oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant defenses. Our results point to an environmental hazard at coastal ecosystems and suggest the need for improvements in the treatment of domestic wastewater aiming to reduce DCF concentrations, as well as regulation on current environmental legislation and monitoring of aquatic ecosystems.

• IPEN-DOC 24731

. Influência do tratamento térmico na redução do óxido de grafeno. In: ENCONTRO CIENTÍFICO DE FÍSICA APLICADA, 8., 4-7 de setembro, 2017, Vitória, ES. Anais... São Paulo: Blucher, 2017.

Abstract: A redução térmica de óxido de grafeno (GO) para o óxido de grafeno reduzido (rGO) é um passo importante no processamento para fabricar muitos materiais e dispositivos à base de grafeno. Neste trabalho, o GO foi sintetizado a partir do método de Hummers modificado, e as amostras foram tratadas termicamente à temperatura de 200°C, com uma rampa de aquecimento de 10°/min, e pressão de 10 kPa, durante o tempo de 15 e 30 minutos. A caracterização de GO pelo DRX exibiu apenas um pico em 10°, do conjunto de planos GO (002), e a TGA demonstrou que o GO possui 10% de moléculas de água, voláteis e 26,77% de grupos com oxigênio. As amostras de rGO indicaram a perda de massa em 100 e 200°C na TGA e uma menor intensidade na absorção em 3489 cm-1 na FTIR.

• IPEN-DOC 24730

. Development and characterisation of zinc oxalate conversion coatings on zinc. Corrosion Science, v. 137, p. 13-32, 2018.

Abstract: The interactions between oxalic acid and zinc substrates have been studied through the deposition of zinc oxalate coating by immersion. The corrosion behaviour of zinc was investigated by surface observation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Better protective properties were observed for samples treated with 10−1 M oxalic acid compared to other concentrations and the enrichment of corrosion product by Na was observed. The electrochemical results reveal that the oxalate coating increases corrosion protection in corrosive medium. It is proposed that the zinc oxalate coating formed act as a basis for anchoring zinc corrosion products forming simonkolleite improving corrosion resistance.

• IPEN-DOC 24729

. Metal and trace element assessments of bottom sediments from medium Tietê River basin, Sao Paulo State, Brazil: part II. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 316, n. 2, p. 805-818, 2018.

Abstract: Concentration of metals in 15 bottom sediment samples from Tieteˆ River, a significantly polluted river, were assessed. Total and partial trace element concentrations were determined, and As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were found above local reference values. These metals were also higher than the threshold effect level (TEL) in some sampling points and Zn was higher than probable effect level (PEL) oriented values in almost all sampling points. The most polluted points were identified from Tieteˆ to Barra Bonita Counties. Regarding sediment quality, this river is still polluted and precautions to minimize environmental problems caused by toxic metals to biota and to human health are necessary.

• IPEN-DOC 24728

. Three-dimensional superlattice of PbS quantum dots in flakes. ACS Omega, v. 3, n. 2, p. 2027-2032, 2018.

Abstract: In the last two decades, many experiments were conducted in self-organization of nanocrystals into two- and three-dimensional (3D) superlattices and the superlattices were synthesized and characterized by different techniques, revealing their unusual properties. Among all characterization techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the one that has allowed the confirmation of the 3D superlattice formation due to the presence of sharp and intense diffraction peaks. In this work, we study self-organized superlattices of quantum dots of PbS prepared by dropping a monodispersed colloidal solution on a glass substrate at different temperatures. We showed that the intensity of the low-angle XRD peaks depends strongly on the drying time (substrate temperature). We claim that the peaks are originated from the 3D superlattice. Scanning electron microscopy images show that this 3D superlattice (PbS quantum dots) is formed in flake’s shape, parallel to the substrate surface and randomly oriented in the perpendicular planes.

• IPEN-DOC 24727

. Qualitative use of potentiodynamic polarization and anodic hydrogen evolution in the assessment of corrosion susceptibility in AA2198-T851 Al–Cu–Li alloy. Materials and Corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, p. 1-14, 2018.

Abstract: In this study, the corrosion behavior of the AA2198-T851 and its friction stir weldment was used to show the qualitative use of potentiodynamic polarization and the effect of anodic hydrogen evolution (AHE). The results showed that some details can be revealed in the anodic arm of the polarization curves of an Al alloy above the breakdown potential with changes in cell configuration and electrolytes. In addition, AHEinterferes with the measured current density in the anodic arm, which in turn can be used to assess the extent of corrosion susceptibility and changes in anodic dissolution behavior of the alloy.

• IPEN-DOC 24726

. On the AA2198-T851 alloy microstructure and its correlation with localized corrosion behaviour. Corrosion Science, v. 131, p. 300-309, 2018.

Abstract: The corrosion behaviour of AA2198-T851 alloy has been investigated using a combination of immersion tests and different microscopy techniques. Results showed that severe localized corrosion initiated within 1 h of corrosion immersion test in 0.01 mol L−1 NaCl solution. The corrosion mechanism in this alloy is intragranular and it propagates crystallographically. The propagation occurs through grain orientation dependent bands and it can be likened to the movement of dislocation through slip planes. Corrosion rings around stable pits result from pH variations. Secondary pits form around primary pits within corrosion rings and are preceded by hydrogen evolution.

• IPEN-DOC 24725

. Photodynamic activity of natural anthraquinones on fibroblasts. In: DAI, TIANHONG (Ed.) LIGHT-BASED DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, January 27 - February 01, 2018, San Francisco, California, USA. Proceedings... Bellingham, WA, USA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2018. p. 104790S-1 - 104790S-5. (SPIE Proceedings Series, 10479).

Abstract: Natural anthraquinones (AQs) isolated from Heterophyllaea lycioides (Rusby) Sandwith (Rubiaceae) demonstrated to have photodynamic properties: soranjididol (Sor), 5-Chlorosoranjidiol (5-ClSor), bisoranjidiol (Bisor), 7- Chlorobisoranjidiol (7-ClBisor) and lycionine (Lyc). Sor, 5-ClSor and Bisor exhibited photodynamic inactivation on bacteria and parasites. As they could be used in topical application, the aim of this work was to study their photodynamic activity on fibroblasts. AQs were tested at 2.5 μM in darkness and under irradiation conditions. They were photoactivated with violet-blue LED (λ = 410 ± 10 nm; fluence rate =50 mW/cm2) and exposure time corresponded to a fluence of 27 J/cm2. Negative and positive control (–C and +C, respectively) were included. Mitochondrial activity was determined by using MTT assay that is a measure of the cell viability and it was expressed as a percentage respect to –C (% CV). Results showed that AQs in darkness conditions showed similar metabolic activity as –C, except for 5-ClSor (about 75% CV). Under irradiation, AQs exhibited dissimilar results. Sor and 7-ClBisor maintained cell viability at approximately 100%, Bisor and Lyc around 70%, whereas 5-ClSor reduced cell viability by 90%. Taken together, our results suggest that Sor could mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cutaneous infections since no toxicity was observed in fibroblasts. On the other hand, 5-ClSor could be used for topical PDT of keloids and hypertrophic scars.

• IPEN-DOC 24724

. Pressure sound level measurements at an educational environment in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 975, 2018.

Abstract: In this work, 25 points located on the ground floor of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goias - IFG - Campus Goiânia, were analyzed in morning periods of two Saturdays. The pressure sound levels were measured at internal and external environments during routine activities seeking to perform an environmental monitoring at this institution. The initial hypothesis was that an amusement park (Mutirama Park) was responsible for originating noise pollution in the institute, but the results showed, within the campus environment, sound pressure levels in accordance with the Municipal legislation of Goiânia for all points.

• IPEN-DOC 24723

. Monitoring the industrial sources of aerosol in Cubatao, Brazil, using a scanning elastic lidar and a lidar doppler. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 176, n. 04011, p. 1-4, 2018.

Abstract: Field campaigns with a scanning multiwavelength elastic lidar coupled with a Doppler system to monitor industrial atmospheric aerosol emissions were carried out, with the objective of monitoring aerosol emission sources and plume dispersion. Since the technique provides information on the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol concentration, the implementation of a systematic monitoring procedure is proposed as a valuable tool in air quality monitoring applied to regions of interest.

• IPEN-DOC 24722

. Obtention of WCuNi composite material using powder metallurgy for gamma (γ) radiation attenuation. In: ENCONTRO CIENTÍFICO DE FÍSICA APLICADA, 8., 4-7 de setembro, 2017, Vitória, ES. Anais... São Paulo: Blucher, 2017.

Abstract: This work aimed to obtain a composite material WCuNi using the powder metallurgy. This composite is usable as material for the attenuation of gamma radiation (γ). The tungsten (W) is the main shielding element in this composite. The tungsten has high density (19.25 g.cm-3), high melting point (3,422 °C) and is presented as matrix of the composite. In order to meet the need for sintering with temperatures below 1,200 °C, the liquid phase sintering technique was used. For preparation of the samples, shape and size of the particles of the metal powders were analyzed. With the intention of homogenize the distribution of the metallic powders and to reduce the average particle size, a ball mill was used for 24 hours. After grinding, the particle size analysis showed that the mean particle size in WCuNi composition was 12 μm. The powder mixture was compacted in isostatic press at 200 MPa pressure. The samples were sintered at 1,100 °C and at 2,100 mbar pressure of reducing atmosphere (H2) for 8 hours. The formation of the isomorphic system CuNi is responsible for giving the mechanical characteristic of solid to the composite WCuNi. Optical and electronic microscopy (SEM) with EDS were undertaken to characterize the samples. The classical scientific method of experimentations with gamma radiation of the cobalt-60 source by attenuation of the energies was employed to study the effects on the samples. For the energies of 1,173 MeV and 1,332MeV the experimental method indicated the necessity of 11.95 mm of thickness for the solid compound W8Cu1Ni with the obtained density of 11.46 g.cm-3 to attenuate the energy to level allowed for occupationally exposed persons. The experimental values obtained were compared with values calculated by XCOM software database (NIST) of 12.45 mm and convergence of values was observed.

• IPEN-DOC 24721

. Impact of endostatin gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells from a metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Experimental Oncology, v. 40, n. 1, p. 24-32, 2018.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the role of endostatin (ES) gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a metastatic model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Balb/C mice bearing orthotopic Renca tumors were treated with NIH/3T3-LendSN or, as a control, with NIH/3T3-LXSN cells. At the end of in vivo experiment, plasma and tissue lung samples were collected. Plasma ES and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured by ELISA and Milliplex, respectively. Quantification of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and their subsets was performed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC using the DCFDA marker by flow cytometry. Results: Metastatic RCC (mRCC) induced expansions of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC and promoted accumulation of these cells and their subtypes in lymphoid organ and metastases. ES treatment promoted low G-CSF plasmatic levels which were produced by the tumor microenvironment, reflecting the reduced metastatic accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC in the lungs. However, the therapy was selective for granulocytic cells, thus reducing the production of ROS. Conclusion: These findings confirm the expansion of MDSC during metastatic progression of RCC and indicate the important role of ES in reducing MDSC and possible use of ES therapy in combined anticancer treatment.

• IPEN-DOC 24720

. Electrical behavior and microstructural features of electric field-assisted and conventionally sintered 3 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia. Ceramics, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2018.

Abstract: ZrO2: 3 mol % Y2O3 (3YSZ) polycrystalline pellets were sintered at 1400 C and by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field at 1000 C. An alumina sample holder with platinum wires for connecting the sample to a power supply was designed for the electric field-assisted sintering experiments. The apparent density was evaluated with the Archimedes technique, the grain size distribution by analysis of scanning electron microscopy images, and the electrical behavior by the impedance spectroscopy technique. Sintering with the application of AC electric fields to 3YSZ enhances its ionic conductivity. An explanation is proposed, based on the dissolution back to the bulk of chemical species, which are depleted at the grain boundaries, leading to an increase in the oxygen vacancy concentration. For the enhancement of the grain boundary conductivity, an explanation is given based on the diminution of the concentration of depleted chemical species, which migrate to the bulk. This migration leads to a decrease of the potential barrier of the space charge region, known to be responsible for blocking the oxide ions through the intergranular region. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the distribution of the grain sizes is ascribed to the skin effect, the tendency of the AC current density to be largest near the surface, decreasing towards the bulk.

• IPEN-DOC 24719

. AC electric field assisted pressureless sintering zirconia: 3mol% yttria solid electrolyte. Physica Status Solidi A: applications and materials science, v. 215, n. 6, p. 1700647-1 - 1700647-5, 2018.

Abstract: 3mol% yttria ionic conductors are sintered by applying AC electric fields with frequencies in the 0.5-1.0kHz range at 1100 degrees C. The sintering experiments are conducted in pressed pellets positioned between platinum electrodes inside a dilatometer furnace. The dilatometer is modified in order to allow for the simultaneous monitoring of thickness shrinkage, electric voltage, and current across the pellet. The results show that the higher the frequency of the electric field, the higher the attained shrinkage and the apparent density of the pellets. Increasing the frequency of the applied electric field leads to an increase in the Joule heating promoted by the electric current pulse through the polycrystalline ceramic sample. A higher frequency therefore leads to higher amount of thermal energy delivered to the sample, favoring enhanced densification. The ionic resistivity decreases in pellets sintered with increasing frequency of the applied electric field. We suggest that Joule heating favors pore elimination and the removal of chemical species at the space charge region, inhibiting the blocking of oxide ions at the interfaces.

• IPEN-DOC 24718

. Qualitative and quantitative approaches of occupational risks agents in a Brazilian facility. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 6, n. 1, p. 01-11, 2018.

Abstract: The occupational risk assessment is a structured and systematic process, which depends on the correct identification of probable risk factors and agents potentially founded at workplace. The objective of this paper was to carry out the basic characterization of a Brazilian radioisotope production facility through ample knowledge of the workplace, workforce, task performed and identification and evaluation of occupational risk agents in the workplace. The data analysis comprised a qualitative or quantitative approaches based on subjective information obtained by questionnaire, interview and observations about workplace, workforce and risk agents. The workforce was distributed into eight work processes. Regarding task-related exposure there was assumed that all workers presented the same exposure profile. Therefore, it was made an evaluation of the association degree between the occupational risks agents, which there were identified 17 risk agents at the workplace, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and accident risks. Although the workers may be potentially exposed to different risk agents, the ionizing radiation was the main physical risk factor observed in this facility.

• IPEN-DOC 24717

. Irradiation system for production of gaseous radioisotopes used as tracers in industrial process measurements. Progress in Nuclear Energy, v. 107, p. 10-16, 2018.

• IPEN-DOC 24716

. A hybrid approach for assessments of equivalent emission sources and electromagnetic environments. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, v. 17, n. 1, p. 10-22, 2018.

Abstract: This paper presents a method for equivalent emission source determination by application of LLAs (Large Loop Antennas). A review of different types of LLAs is carried out and their characteristics regarding emission source evaluation are emphasized. A hybrid technic is applied for obtaining the electric fields based on previous measurement of magnetic fields combined with an analytical and numerical approach. This methodology is proposed as an alternative to face the constraints concerning to the near electric fields measurements and calculations.

• IPEN-DOC 24715

. The NUMEN project: NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay. European Physical Journal A: Hadrons and Nuclei, v. 54, n. 5, 2018.

Abstract: The article describes the main achievements of the NUMEN project together with an updated and detailed overview of the related R&D activities and theoretical developments. NUMEN proposes an innovative technique to access the nuclear matrix elements entering the expression of the lifetime of the double beta decay by cross section measurements of heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. Despite the fact that the two processes, namely neutrinoless double beta decay and DCE reactions, are triggered by the weak and strong interaction respectively, important analogies are suggested. The basic point is the coincidence of the initial and final state many-body wave functions in the two types of processes and the formal similarity of the transition operators. First experimental results obtained at the INFN-LNS laboratory for the Ca-40(O-18, Ne-18)(40) Ar reaction at 270 MeV give an encouraging indication on the capability of the proposed technique to access relevant quantitative information. The main experimental tools for this project are the K800 Superconducting Cyclotron and MAGNEX spectrometer. The former is used for the acceleration of the required high resolution and low emittance heavy-ion beams and the latter is the large acceptance magnetic spectrometer for the detection of the ejectiles. The use of the high-order trajectory reconstruction technique, implemented in MAGNEX, allows to reach the experimental resolution and sensitivity required for the accurate measurement of the DCE cross sections at forward angles. However, the tiny values of such cross sections and the resolution requirements demand beam intensities much larger than those manageable with the present facility. The on-going upgrade of the INFN-LNS facilities in this perspective is part of the NUMEN project and will be discussed in the article.

• IPEN-DOC 24714

. New methodology for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in bioethanol by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 975, 2018.

Abstract: The present study presents a new analytical methodology for the determination of 11 compounds present in ethanol samples through the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique using a medium polarity chromatography column composed of 6% cyanopropyl-phenyl and 94% dimethyl polysiloxane. The validation parameters were determined according to NBR ISO 17025:2005. The recovery rates of the studied compounds were 100.4% to 114.7%. The limits of quantification are between 2.4 mg.kg-1 and 5.8 mg.kg-1. The uncertainty of the measurement was estimate in circa of 8%.

• IPEN-DOC 24713

. Development of radioimmunoconjugate for diagnosis and management of head-and-neck subclinical cancer and colorectal carcinoma. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 53, n. 4, p. 1-10, 2018.

Abstract: Scientific innovations in diagnostic methods are important drivers of cancer control and prevention. Noninvasive imaging of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head-and-neck squamous, cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer could be valuable to select patients for EGFR-targeted therapy, as well as to monitor the efficacy and occurrence of resistance to immunotherapy. In order to develop the first Brazilian radioimmunoconjugate for diagnosis, Cetuximab has been conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-DTPA chelator and radiolabeled with Indium-111. The conjugation methodology was optimized using different mAb:DTPA molar ratios, time was then reduced for immunoconjugate preparation, besides the protein recovery’ percentage increased after purification (m = 83.8 ± 0.91 %). The stability of Cetuximab-DTPA at – 20 oC was evaluated for six months, and its integrity was greater than 90% (m =93.9 ± 1.5%, N = 24). The radioimmunoconjugate with specific activity of 185 MBq/mg showed radiochemical purity above 95% (m=96.8 ± 1.31 %, N = 15). We conclude that the radioimmunoconjugate 111In-DTPA-cetuximab is stable and may be applied to the diagnosis of EGFR-positive tumors.

• IPEN-DOC 24712

. Monte Carlo dosimetric evaluation in PET exams for patients with different BMI and heights. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 151, p. 36-41, 2018.

Abstract: In recent years, positron emission tomography (PET), associated with multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), has become a diagnostic technique widely disseminated to evaluate various malignant tumors and other diseases. However, during PET/CT examinations, the doses of ionizing radiation experienced by the internal organs of the patients due to 18F are unknown, and may be substantial. The aim of this study was to determine a set of S values derived from the 18F-FDG and to use them to determine the absorbed and effective doses of 8 different virtual anthropomorphic phantoms (4 of each gender). These phantoms have different Body Mass Index (BMI), to represent different anatomical characteristics of patients examined in PET. The results of the S values were calculated using the MCNPX (2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. These results were compared to the ICRP 106 reference values, obtained with mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms (MIRD model). Our results of the S values were higher than those obtained and presented at the ICRP 106, mainly due to the differences between the phantoms. The differences between the relative distances of the organs and the chemical and physical characteristics of the phantoms used in this study, in relation to mathematical model, reflected the use of a detailed set of phantoms. Therefore, the results presented in this study provide accurate and reliable data for internal dose calculations for patients undergoing PET examinations.

• IPEN-DOC 24711

. Analysis of the sintering process in gadolinia-doped ceria by thermodilatometry and correlation with microstructure evolution. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, v. 132, n. 2, p. 851-857, 2018.

Abstract: The non-isothermal sintering process of cerium dioxide containing gadolinium sesquioxide powders within a wide range of specific surface area was investigated by dilatometry. Linear shrinkage data of powder compacts were recorded under several constant rates of heating. Dilatometry data were analyzed by two methodologies enabling to preview the relative density for any temperature/time profile, and determination of the apparent activation energy for sintering. Correlation of dilatometry results with microstructure evolution was also carried out. Remarkable differences in sintering powders with different specific surface areas were found. The apparent activation energy for sintering increases with decreasing specific surface area and, in most cases, it does not change significantly in the approximately 70-85% range of relative density.

• IPEN-DOC 24710

. Aspectos micrometeorológicos da emissão de monoterpenos em uma floresta na Amazônia central / Micrometeorological aspects of the monoterpenes emission in a forest at central Amazon. Ciência e Natura, v. 40, p. 150-154, 2018.

Abstract: Este trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar resultados sobre a razão de mistura e fluxo de monoterpenos em uma região de floresta da Amazônia brasileira. Utilizou-se instrumentação da micrometeorologia (com o uso de um Anemômetro Sônico) e da química analítica através de um espectrômetro de massa com próton transferência (Proton Transfer Reaction – Time of Flight – Mass Spectrometer, PTR-ToF-MS). A calibração do espectrômetro foi realizada regularmente com a utilização de uma mistura gravimétrica de gás padrão contendo diferentes massas de compostos orgânicos voláteis. Os resultados evidenciaram razão de mistura média de monoterpenos de 0,185 ppbv e fluxo de emissão máxima de 1,495 mg m-2 h-1. Concluiu-se que esta região apresentou significativa emissão de monoterpenos em relação a outra floresta tropical na Amazônia central, evidenciando a necessidade de ampliar estudos sobre a química atmosférica em diferentes florestas da bacia amazônica.

• IPEN-DOC 24709

. Ionization cross sections of the Au L subshells by electron impact from the L3 threshold to 100 keV. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, v. 51, n. 2, p. 1-11, 2018.

Abstract: We measured the cross sections for Au Lα, Lβ, Lγ, Lℓ and Lη x-ray production by the impact of electrons with energies from the L3 threshold to 100 keV using a thin Au film whose mass thickness was determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. The x-ray spectra were acquired with a Si drift detector, which allowed to separate the components of the Lγ multiplet lines. The measured Lα, Lβ, ${\rm{L}}{\gamma }_{1}$, L${\gamma }_{\mathrm{2,3,6}}$, ${\rm{L}}{\gamma }_{\mathrm{4,4}^{\prime} }$, ${\rm{L}}{\gamma }_{5}$, ${\rm{L}}{\ell }$ and Lη x-ray production cross sections were then employed to derive Au L1, L2 and L3 subshell ionization cross sections with relative uncertainties of 8%, 7% and 7%, respectively; these figures include the uncertainties in the atomic relaxation parameters. The correction for the increase in electron path length inside the Au film was estimated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The experimental ionization cross sections are about 10% above the state-of-the-art distorted-wave calculations.

• IPEN-DOC 24707

. Estimating the uncertainty from sampling in pollution crime investigation: the importance of metrology in the forensic interpretation of environmental data. Forensic Science International, v. 288, p. 14-22, 2018.

Abstract: The forensic interpretation of environmental analytical data is usually challenging due to the high geospatial variability of these data. The measurements’ uncertainty includes contributions from the sampling and from the sample handling and preparation processes. These contributions are often disregarded in analytical techniques results’ quality assurance. A pollution crime investigation case was used to carry out a methodology able to address these uncertainties in two different environmental compartments, freshwater sediments and landfill leachate. The methodology used to estimate the uncertainty was the duplicate method (that replicates predefined steps of the measurement procedure in order to assess its precision) and the parameters used to investigate the pollution were metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in the leachate, the suspect source, and in the sediment, the possible sink. The metal analysis results were compared to statutory limits and it was demonstrated that Cr and Ni concentrations in sediment samples exceeded the threshold levels at all sites downstream the pollution sources, considering the expanded uncertainty U of the measurements and a probability of contamination >0.975, at most sites. Cu and Zn concentrations were above the statutory limits at two sites, but the classification was inconclusive considering the uncertainties of the measurements. Metal analyses in leachate revealed that Cr concentrations were above the statutory limits with a probability of contamination >0.975 in all leachate ponds while the Cu, Ni and Zn probability of contamination was below 0.025. The results demonstrated that the estimation of the sampling uncertainty, which was the dominant component of the combined uncertainty, is required for a comprehensive interpretation of the environmental analyses results, particularly in forensic cases.

• IPEN-DOC 24706

. Cell death mechanisms in Leishmania amazonensis triggered by methylene blue-mediated antiparasitic photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, v. 23, p. 1-8, 2018.

Abstract: Antiparasitic photodynamic therapy (ApPDT) is an emerging approach to manage cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) since no side effects, contraindications and parasite resistance have been reported. In addition, methylene blue (MB) is a suitable photosensitizer to mediate ApPDT on CL. In this study we aimed to look for the best parameters to eradicate Leishmania amazonensis and investigated the cell death pathways involved in MB-mediated ApPDT. MB uptake by parasites was determined using different MB concentrations (50, 100, 250 and 500 μM) and incubation times (10, 30 and 60 min). L. amazonensis promastigotes were cultured and submitted to ApPDT using different concentrations of MB (50, 100 and 250 μM) combined to a red LED emitting at 645 ± 10 nm. The pre-irradiation time was 10 min. Two optical powers (100 mW and 250 mW) were tested and cells were exposed to 60 and 300 s of MB-mediated ApPDT delivering energies of 6, 15, 30 and 75 J and fluences of 21.2, 53.1, 106.2 and 265.4 J/cm2, respectively. Following ApPDT, cells were prepared for flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy to unravel the mechanisms of cell death. Our results showed the lowest MB concentration (50 μM) and the lowest optical power (100 mW) promoted the highest percentage of cell decrease. ApPDT caused alterations on cell membrane permeability as well depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed ultrastructural changes of the parasites such as cell shrinkage, intense vacuolization of the cytoplasm, enlargement of mitochondrion-kinetoplast complex, and small blebs on parasite flagella and cell membrane after MB-mediated ApPDT. Taken together, our findings ratify that ApPDT parameters play a pivotal role in cell susceptibility and suggest that apoptosis is involved in parasite death regardless MB-mediated ApPDT protocol.

• IPEN-DOC 24705

. On the severe localized corrosion susceptibility of the AA2198-T851 alloy. Corrosion Science, v. 133, p. 132-140, 2018.

Abstract: The time dependent susceptibility of AA2198-T851 Al-Cu-Li alloy to severe localized corrosion in 0.01 mol L-1 NaCl solution has been investigated by immersion and SVET tests. The results reveal that the propagation of severe localized corrosion, in the alloy, is crystallographic and it is associated with the slip bands in the individual grains of the alloy. The slip bands caused uneven precipitation of the active T1 particles. Also, oscillations in SVET current density values associated with deposition and detachment of corrosion products were observed. Furthermore, the intensity of corrosion activities increased over time for open or partially covered pits.

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