MARIANA XAVIER MILAGRE

MARIANA XAVIER MILAGRE

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Exfoliation susceptibility of aluminum alloys joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
2018 - MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; DONATUS, UYIME; MACHADO, CARULINE S.C.; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; MOGILI, VISHNU; ASTARITA, ANTONELLO; COSTA, ISOLDA
In the present study, the exfoliation susceptibility of a commercial Al-Cu-Li alloy of the third generation, AA2098-T351, joined by FSW was investigated according to ASTM G34 standard practice and the results were compared with the results of the parent material. Susceptibility to exfoliation attack was classified by the depth of attack penetration. The cross-sections of the samples after test were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the penetration depth of corrosion attack. A comparison to conventional Al-Cu alloys (AA2024-T3/T351) was carried out and the results showed that the Al-Cu-Li alloy tested (AA2098-T351) was more susceptible to exfoliation. Besides, exfoliation susceptibility varied with each welded zone and the active zones remained active for long periods of time after removal from the test solution when the attack continuously propagated in the corrosion front.
Comparison of the corrosion resistance of AA2024 and AA2098 alloys in different solutions
2018 - MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; GOMES, MAURILIO P.; DONATUS, UYIME; MACHADO, CARULINE S.C.; COSTA, ISOLDA
In this work the corrosion resistance of the AA2098-T351 and AA2024-T3 was evaluated and compared by electrochemical tests in 0.01 mol.L-1 of NaCl and 0.1 mol.L-1 of Na2SO4 with 0.001 mol.L-1 NaCl electrolytes. Monitoring of corrosion evolution in both alloys was carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization methods. The surface of the samples exposed to the test solutions was observed by microscopy after corrosion tests. The results showed different corrosion mechanisms in the two test solutions. In the sulfate containing electrolyte, the Al-Cu-Li alloy showed corrosion mechanism mainly associated with the micrometric particles at the surface, similarly to the AA2024-T3 alloy. However, in the chloride solution without sulfate, the AA2098-T351 alloy showed susceptibility to severe localized corrosion (SLC) besides the corrosion associated to the micrometric particles and the first type of corrosion was the main type of attack. The AA2024-T3 showed lower susceptibility to SLC than the AA2098- T351 alloy.
Effect of galvanic coupling on the corrosion susceptibility of friction stir weldment of AA2198-T851 alloy
2018 - COSTA, I.; DONATUS, U.; MILAGRE, M.X.; MACHADO, C.S.C.; ARAUJO, J.V.S.
The AA2198-T851 alloy is a new generation Al-Li alloy which finds application in the aerospace industry. Its preference over conventional Al alloys is premised on the fact that it exhibits better strength to weight ratio and improved fatigue resistance due to the addition of Li as a major alloying element. However, it is a relatively new alloy and its processing-structure-property-performance relationship is far from being established. This is very true for the relationship between its structure and corrosion resistance which is very scarce in the literature. Our recent findings have revealed that this alloy is highly susceptible to severe localized corrosion which is caused by the abundance of active hexagonal T1 (Al2CuLi) particles in its microstructure. The corrosion susceptibility is further promoted by the non-uniform precipitation of these particles which are often preferentially concentrated in bands aligned parallel to the {111}Al. Furthermore, bulk zonal heterogenities with pronounced non-uniform distribution of the active T1 particles are created when this alloy is welded using friction stir welding. The friction stir welding process is a solid state welding process that has been adjudged to be the best welding technique for Al alloys. Nonetheless, this process generates different zones in the weldments of Al alloys. Thus, zones exhibiting different electrochemical characteristics and severe galvanic interactions can occur when the weldment is exposed to a corrosive media. The galvanic interactions can lead to a faster propagation of attack in the most susceptible region of the weldment, which in this case is the parent material (with the highest volume fraction of the T1 particles). To establish this, the galvanic interactions between the zones of the weldment have been investigated by separately exposing the parent material and the stir zone of the weld and then by exposing the entire weldment using NaCl and EXCO solutions. Optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes were also employed in the study. The results revealed that the parent material of the weldment was the most susceptible (as previously mentioned) and appeared to corrode at a faster rate when coupled to the more cathodic stir zone, thermomechanically affected zone and the heat affected zones of the weldment (with lower volume fraction of the T1 particles). The modes of corrosion in the zones of the weld were also observed to be different. However, the most susceptible region corroded intragranularly with the grain boundaries exhibiting more noble electrochemical characteristics.
Efeito dos tratamentos termomecânicos T8 e T851 na susceptibilidade a exfoliação e corrosão intergranular da liga AA2198
2018 - ARAUJO, J.V.S.; MACHADO, C.S.C.; MILAGRE, M.X.; COSTA, I.; FERREIRA, R.O.; VIVEIROS, B.G. de
As ligas Al-Cu-Li são ligas avançadas de grande interesse para a indústria aeronáutica devido à baixa densidade e alta resistência mecânica destas. Apesar destas vantages, estas apresentam susceptibilidade a diferentes tipos de corrosão. Além disso, os tratamentos termomecânicos aos quais são submetidas durante o processo de fabricação, afetam a microestrutura destas ligas bem como a resistência à corrosão destas. Existem alguns trabalhos publicados sobre a resistência à corrosão destas ligas, porém nestes trabalhos não se faz um comparação entre os efeitos dos diferentes tratamentos termomecânicos. Neste estudo foi investigado os efeitos dos tratamentos termomecânicos T8 e T851 na susceptibilidade à corrosão por exfoliação e corrosão intergranular (IGC) da liga AA2198, segundo as normas ASTM G34 e ASTM G110, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram significativas diferenças na microestrutura das duas condições, com liga submetida ao tratamento T8 apresentando grãos alongados enquanto a exposta ao tratamento T851, grãos equaxiais. Ambas as ligas apresentaram suscetibilidade a exfoliação. Entreanto, enquanto a liga T8 apresentou susceptibilidade à corrosão intergranular e intragranular, a liga T851 não foi suscetível à corrosão intergranular, apresentando ataque de corrosão dentro dos grãos, ou seja, corrosão intragranular.
Comparação da resistência a corrosão localizada de ligas de alumínio pela técnica de varredura com eletrodo vibratório (SVET)
2018 - MILAGRE, M.X.; ARAUJO, J.S.; MACHADO, C.S.C.; DONATUS, U.; COSTA, I.
As ligas Alumínio-Cobre-Lítio (Al-Cu-Li) foram desenvolvidas como substitutas para as ligas convencionais de Al-Cu. Apesar de apresentarem melhor módulo específico também são suscetíveis à corrosão localizada. As técnicas eletroquímicas convencionais são ferramentas úteis para entender o comportamento de corrosão das ligas de Al, no entanto elas dão uma resposta global dos fenômenos de corrosão. Neste trabalho, a técnica de varredura com eletrodo vibratório (SVET) foi utilizada para comparar os mecanismos de corrosão de algumas ligas de Al. Os ensaios com SVET foram realizados em solução de NaCl 0,005 mol L-1 durante 24 h e os mapas foram obtidos a cada 2 h para as ligas AA2024-T3, AA2098-T351 e AA2198-T851. Os resultados mostraram diferentes mecanismos para cada liga sendo que as ligas Al- Cu-Li maiores densidades de corrente associadas a corrosão severa localizada em relação a liga AA2024-T3.
Avaliação da resistência a corrosão intergranular da liga AA2198-T8
2016 - ARAUJO, J.V.; MACHADO, C.S.C.; MILAGRE, M.X.; QUEIROZ, F.M.; COSTA, I.
The intergranular corrosion is a form of corrosion which can result in loss of mechanical properties and might lead to rupture of the material. These properties are of fundamental importance for the materials used in aircraft for security reasons. It is important to characterize the intergranular corrosion resistance of materials used in aeronautical applications. This study investigated the intergranular corrosion resistance of the AA2198-T8 alloy that presents copper and lithium as the main alloying elements. The results showed that this alloys is susceptible to this form of corrosion.
Comparação do comportamento de corrosão da liga convencional AA2024-T351 e da liga Al-Li 2098-T351
2016 - MILAGRE, M.X.; ARAUJO, J.V.; QUEIROZ, F.M.; MACHADO, C.S.C.; COSTA, I.
In this work, the localized corrosion behavior of an Al-Li alloy (AA2098-T351) was compared with that of the AA2024-T351 conventional alloy by immersion test in 0.01 mol L-1 NaCl solution. The evolution of localized corrosion in both alloys was monitored by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy after several test periods from 2h to 24h. The results showed high susceptibility of the two alloys to pitting from the early hours of immersion. The corrosion mechanism in the two alloys, however, was different. Localized corrosion in the AA2024 alloy was associated with the microcells generation between micrometric precipitates and the matrix leading to superficial attack homogeneously distributed throughout the surface exposed to the corrosive environment. In the AA2098 alloy, however, a severe localized corrosion ascribed in the literature to the presence of phase T1 was also observed besides the localized corrosion type similar to that observed in the AA2024 alloy.