PAULO DE TARSO DALLEDONE SIQUEIRA
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Artigo IPEN-doc 30038 Heterogeneous physical phantom for I-125 dose measurements and dose-to-medium determination2024 - ANTUNES, PAULA C.G.; SIQUEIRA, PAULO de T.D.; SHORTO, JULIAN M.B.; YORIYAZ, HELIOPURPOSE: In this paper we present a further step in the implementation of a physical phantom designed to generate sets of “true”independent reference data as requested by TG-186, intending to address and mitigate the scarcity of experimental studies on brachytherapy (BT) validation in heterogeneous media. To achieve this, we incorporated well-known heterogeneous materials into the phantom in order to perform measurements of 125I dose distribution. The work aims to experimentally validate Monte Carlo (MC) calculations based on MBDCA and determine the conversion factors from LiF response to absorbed dose in different media, using cavity theory. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The physical phantom was adjusted to incorporate tissue equivalent materials, such as: adipose tissue, bone, breast and lung with varying thickness. MC calculations were performed using MCNP6.2 code to calculate the absorbed dose in the LiF and the dose conversion factors (DCF). RESULTS: The proposed heterogeneous phantom associated with the experimental procedure carried out in this work yielded accurate dose data that enabled the conversion of the LiF responses into absorbed dose to medium. The results showed a maximum uncertainty of 6.92 % ( k = 1), which may be considered excellent for dosimetry with low-energy BT sources. CONCLUSIONS: The presented heterogeneous phantom achieves the required precision in dose evaluations due to its easy reproducibility in the experimental setup. The obtained results support the dose conversion methodology for all evaluated media. The experimental validation of the DCF in different media holds great significance for clinical procedures, as it can be applied to other tissues, including water, which remains a widely utilized reference medium in clinical practice.Artigo IPEN-doc 14652 Physical models, cross sections, and numerical approximations used in MCNP and GEANT4 Monte Carlo codes for photon and electron absorbed fraction calculation2009 - YORIYAZ, HELIO; MORALLES, MAURICIO; SIQUEIRA, PAULO de T.D.; GUIMARAES, CARLA da C.; CINTRA, FELIPE B.; SANTOS, ADIMIR dosPurpose: Radiopharmaceutical applications in nuclear medicine require a detailed dosimetry estimate of the radiation energy delivered to the human tissues. Over the past years, several publications addressed the problem of internal dose estimate in volumes of several sizes considering photon and electron sources. Most of them used Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. Despite the widespread use of these codes due to the variety of resources and potentials they offered to carry out dose calculations, several aspects like physical models, cross sections, and numerical approximations used in the simulations still remain an object of study. Accurate dose estimate depends on the correct selection of a set of simulation options that should be carefully chosen. This article presents an analysis of several simulation options provided by two of the most used codes worldwide:MCNP and GEANT4. Methods: For this purpose, comparisons of absorbed fraction estimates obtained with different physical models, cross sections, and numerical approximations are presented for spheres of several sizes and composed as five different biological tissues. Results: Considerable discrepancies have been found in some cases not only between the different codes but also between different cross sections and algorithms in the same code. Maximum differences found between the two codes are 5.0% and 10%, respectively, for photons and electrons. Conclusion: Even for simple problems as spheres and uniform radiation sources, the set of parameters chosen by any Monte Carlo code significantly affects the final results of a simulation, demonstrating the importance of the correct choice of parameters in the simulation.