PEROLA DE CASTRO VASCONCELLOS

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Seasonal distribution of airborne trace elements and water-soluble ions in São Paulo Megacity, Brazil
2012 - ROCHA, GISELE O. da; VASCONCELLOS, PEROLA C.; AVILA, SIMONE G.; SOUZA, DAVI Z.; REIS, EDUARDO A.O.; OLIVEIRA, PEDRO V.; SANCHEZ-CCOYLLO, ODON
This study deals with the seasonal distribution of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Pb and Zn and water soluble ions (Cl-, PO4 3-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, oxalate, succinate, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) found in PM10 samples (particulate matter less than 10 mm in diameter) São Paulo City, Brazil, (April 2003-May 2004). Higher atmospheric levels were found for SO4 2-, NO3 -, Cl- and PO4 3- while the main organic anions were oxalate and formate. Atmospheric levels for elements were: Fe > Al > Ca > K > Na > Mg > Zn > Cu > Pb. Some sources were predominant for some species: (i) fuel burning and/or biomass burning (NO3 -, HCOO-, C2O4 2-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe, Pb, Zn, Al, Ca, K and Mg), (ii) gas-to-particle conversion (SO4 2- and NH4 +) and (iii) sea salt spray (Cl-, Na+ and Na).