JOAO VICTOR DE SOUSA ARAUJO

JOAO VICTOR DE SOUSA ARAUJO

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A historical, statistical and electrochemical approach on the effect of microstructure in the anodizing of Al alloys
2023 - ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; MILAGRE, MARIANA; COSTA, ISOLDA
Anodizing is a well-documented surface treatment that is inserted in a complex protection system against corrosion applied to Al alloys. In the scientific literature, there are many works about this topic, which are concentrated on: (1) anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) growth mechanism; (2) anodized alloys corrosion behavior, or (3) the influence of anodizing parameters on the following steps of corrosion protection of the anodized layer. However, the effect of the microstructure on the AAO formation is not yet well established. This paper aims to review the effect of the microstructure of Al and its alloys on the anodizing process by a historical, statistical, and electrochemical approach, considering the advantages in understanding the influence of intermetallics in this process. Besides, this review brings a comparison among the number of publications and the types of alloys studied by statistical analyses. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of anodizing in the aeronautical industry, in which a great number of studied alloys are applied, mainly the 2XXX (Al-Cu) and 7XXX (AlZn) series alloys.
Surface finishing effects on the corrosion behavior and electrochemical activity of 2098-T351 aluminum alloy investigated using scanning microelectrochemical techniques
2022 - SILVA, REJANE M.P. da; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; IZQUIERDO, JAVIER; BETANCOR-ABREU, ABENCHARA M.; OLIVEIRA, LEANDRO A. de; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; SOUTO, RICARDO M.; COSTA, ISOLDA
The effects of surface finishing on the corrosion behavior and electrochemical activity of AA2098-T351 (Al–Cu–Li alloy) were investigated on the basis of the correlation between surface chemistry, microstructure and electrochemical activity. The alloy was evaluated in the as-received and polished conditions. The morphology of the two types of surfaces was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), optical microscopy and optical 3D profilometry. The surface chemistry was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Scanning microelectrochemical techniques (namely, localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in potentiometric mode) were used to examine the electrochemical activity of the surfaces. The results showed that on the as-received surface, the near surface deformed layer (NSDL), which is composed of Mg-rich bands, influenced the corrosion activity of the alloy. Higher electrochemical activity and greater susceptibility to severe localized corrosion were related to the polished surface condition compared to the as-received one.
Electrochemical characterization of alloy segregation in the near-surface deformed layer of welded zones of an Al-Cu-Li alloy using scanning electrochemical microscopy
2022 - SILVA, REJANE M.P. da; IZQUIERDO, JAVIER; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; SOUTO, RICARDO M.; COSTA, ISOLDA
The development of heterogeneous electrochemical activity in the welded zones of aluminum alloy 2098-T351 by friction stir welding (FSW) associated with the formation of a near-surface deformed layer (NSDL) upon exposure to an aqueous chloride-containing solution was characterized using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in potentiometric operation. A solid-contact Mg2+ ion-selective microelectrode allowed in situ monitoring of the corrosion reactions sites for magnesium dissolution from different zones of the FSW weld upon exposure to a chloride-containing aqueous environment. In this way, localized corrosion reactions developing in the galvanically coupled joint/heat affected zones (WJ/HAZ) of the weld were detected and imaged with spatial resolution. The most active domains for local Mg2+ concentrations were associated with the HAZ of the retreating side (RS), and these corresponded to Mg oxidation from the Mg-enriched oxide bands in NSDL.
How microstructure affects localized corrosion resistance of stir zone of the AA2198-T8 alloy after friction stir welding
2021 - MACHADO, CARULINE de S.C.; DONATUS, UYIME; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; VIVEIROS, BARBARA V.G. de; KLUMPP, RAFAEL E.; PEREIRA, VICTOR F.; COSTA, ISOLDA
In this study, the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the stir zone (SZ) of the AA2198-T8 Al-Cu-Li alloy welded by friction stir welding (FSW) were investigated by microscopy, immersion tests and electrochemical techniques such as measurements of open circuit potential variation with time, and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) measurements. A low chloride-containing solution (0.005 mol L−1 NaCl) was employed in the corrosion studies and severe localized corrosion (SLC) was observed in the SZ related to intergranular attack. The results were compared to those of the non-affected areas by FSW, also known as base metal (BM). In the BM, SLC was found and the type of attack related to it was intragranular. In both zones, BM and SZ, SLC was due to precipitates of high electrochemical activity, specifically T1 (Al2CuLi) phase in the BM, whereas TB (Al7Cu4Li) / T2 (Al6CuLi3) in the SZ. Scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) analysis was very useful in the study of SLC in the AA2198-T8 alloy showing the development of high anodic current densities at the mouth of the SLC sites.
Galvanic and asymmetry effects on the local electrochemical behavior of the 2098-T351 alloy welded by friction stir welding
2020 - MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; DONATUS, UYIME; MOGILI, NAGA V.; SILVA, REJANE M.P.; VIVEIROS, BARBARA V.G. de; PEREIRA, VICTOR F.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; MACHADO, CARULINE S.C.; ARAUJO, JOAO V.S.; COSTA, ISOLDA
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the top surface of the 2098-T351 alloy welded by friction stir welding (FSW). The SVET technique was efficient in identifying the cathodic and anodic weld regions. The welding joint (WJ), which comprises the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and the stir zone (SZ), was cathodic relative to the heated affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal (BM). The reactivities of the welding joint at the advancing side (AS) and the retreating side (RS) were analyzed and compared using SECM technique in the competition mode by monitoring the dissolved oxygen as a redox mediator in 0.005 mol L−1 NaCl solution. The RS was more electrochemically active than the AS, and these results were correlated with the microstructural features of the welded alloy.
Macro and microgalvanic interactions in friction stir weldment of AA2198-T851 alloy
2019 - DONATUS, UYIME; SILVA, REJANE M.P. da; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; ABREU, CAIO P. de; MACHADO, CARULINE de S.C.; COSTA, ISOLDA
The galvanic interactions within and between the friction stir weld zones of the AA2198-T851alloy have been investigated using electrochemical and microscopy techniques. The parentmaterial (PM) was the most anodic region and exhibited pronounced severe localized corro-sion (SLC) both when coupled and isolated. The stir zone was the most resistant to corrosionand exhibited no SLC when coupled, but exhibited SLC when isolated. Profiles associatedwith dissolved oxygen consumption and hydrogen generation currents across the weldmentwere inversely related because the anodic (PM) region produced higher hydrogen bubblesand, interestingly, consumed more dissolved oxygen compared with the other regions.
Exfoliation corrosion susceptibility in the zones of friction stir welded AA2098-T351
2019 - MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; DONATUS, UYIME; MACHADO, CARULINE S.C.; ARAUJO, JOAO V.S.; FERREIRA, RAPHAEL O.; SILVA, REJANE M.P.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; COSTA, ISOLDA
In the present study, the exfoliation susceptibility of the weld zones in friction stir weldedAA2098-T351 was compared with that of the base metal (BM) according to ASTM G34 stan-dard practice. Friction stir welding (FSW) had a significant effect on the microstructure of theAl alloy tested and the susceptibility to exfoliation was strongly affected by the microstruc-ture. Different features of corrosion attack and exfoliation susceptibility were observed whenthe zones affected by FSW were tested isolated or coupled. Also, the near-surface deformedlayer had an important effect on the Al alloy susceptibility to exfoliation. These are themain findings of this work. The corrosion features were correlated with the microstructuralmodifications related to the welding process and with the electrochemical response. TheT1 phase morphology, distribution and size were critical for exfoliation susceptibility. Thestir zone (SZ) was the zone most resistant to exfoliation. However, resistance to exfoliationvaried with the temperatures reached in the heat affected zones (HAZs). The HAZ exposedto the lowest temperatures during welding, HAZ (LT), was the most susceptible to exfoli-ation, whereas the HAZ exposed to the highest temperatures, HAZ (HT), presented highresistance to exfoliation, similarly to the SZ. The ASTM-G34 practice was an effective anduseful method in identifying the different exfoliation resistances of the BM and the vari-ous zones affected by FSW. The results of this practice were supported by electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests.
Effect of unequal levels of deformation and fragmentation on the electrochemical response of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 alloy
2019 - QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M.; DONATUS, UYIME; RAMIREZ, OSCAR M.P.; ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; VIVEIROS, BARBARA V.G. de; LAMAKA, SVIATLANA; ZHELUDKEVICH, MIKHAIL; MASOUMI, MOHAMMAD; VIVIER, VINCENT; COSTA, ISOLDA; MELO, HERCILIO G. de
The effect of unequal levels of deformation and fragmentation on the electrochemical response of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 has been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, global and localized electrochemical techniques. The friction stir welding process introduced unequal distribution and fragmentation of coarse intermetallic particles, such that more clusters of these particles were present in the thermomechanically affected zone of the weld. This resulted in a higher susceptibility to severe localized corrosion in this region when compared with the others. Results from electrochemical measurements using a microcell could not be clearly correlated with the corrosion behaviour because no significant differences were observed using these techniques. On the other hand, LEIS and SVET results were in agreement and correlated with the corrosion evolution at the surfaces of the tested samples.
On the microstructure characterization of the AA2098-T351 alloy welded by FSW
2018 - MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; MOGILI, NAGA V.; DONATUS, UYIME; GIORJAO, RAFAEL A.R.; TERADA, MAYSA; ARAUJO, JOAO V.S.; MACHADO, CARULINE S.C.; COSTA, ISOLDA
The complex structure of the AA2098-T351 alloy welded by friction stir welding (FSW) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness measurements. Thermal modelling process of the FSW process was carried out by soldering thermocouples at distances of 6, 9 and 12 mm from the weld centerline, and thermocouple measurements were used as input data into the model. Finite element software COMSOL v5.2 was used for data analysis. The prevailing phases in the base metal (BM) are T1 (Al2CuLi) theta' (Al2Cu), delta'/beta'(Al-3(Li,Zr)) and Omega (Al2Cu). In the heat affected zone (HAZ), either in the retreating or advancing sides, theta' phase was not identified. In the thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ), T1, delta'/beta', GP zones phase were detected in the retreating side, whereas T1 and Guinier-Preston (GP) zones were not observed in the advancing side. This result supports the asymmetric behavior observed in the microhardness profile of the weld. In the stir zone (SZ), GP zones, T1, delta'/beta' (Al-3(Li,Zr)) and Omega were identified.
On the severe localized corrosion susceptibility of the AA2198-T851 alloy
2018 - ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; DONATUS, UYIME; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M.; TERADA, MAYSA; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; ALENCAR, MAICON C. de; COSTA, ISOLDA
The time dependent susceptibility of AA2198-T851 Al-Cu-Li alloy to severe localized corrosion in 0.01 mol L-1 NaCl solution has been investigated by immersion and SVET tests. The results reveal that the propagation of severe localized corrosion, in the alloy, is crystallographic and it is associated with the slip bands in the individual grains of the alloy. The slip bands caused uneven precipitation of the active T1 particles. Also, oscillations in SVET current density values associated with deposition and detachment of corrosion products were observed. Furthermore, the intensity of corrosion activities increased over time for open or partially covered pits.