MARTHA SAHYLI ORTEGA PIJIEIRA
2 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
Artigo IPEN-doc 29044 A closer look at the synthesis of 2‑[18F] fluoroethyl tosylate to minimize the formation of volatile side‑products2022 - PIJEIRA, MARTHA S.O.; SANTOS, SOFIA N. dos; ARAUJO, YASNIEL B.; LAPOLLI, ANDRE L.; WANDERMUREN, MARCIO N.; RIERA, ZALUA R.; CARVALHO, IVONE; ELSINGA, PHILIP H.; BERNARDES, EMERSON S.Background: 2-[18F]Fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FEtOTs) is a well-known 18F-fluoroalkylating agent widely used to synthesize radiotracers for positron emission tomography. The widespread use of [18F]FEtOTs is due in part to its low volatility when compared to other halide and sulfonate building blocks. In this work, the radioactive volatile side-products formed during the synthesis of [18F]FEtOTs were identified and characterized for the first time, and an optimization of the reaction conditions to minimize their formation was proposed. Results: In order to characterize the volatiles produced during [18F]FEtOTs synthesis, the reaction mixtures of both cold FEtOTs and [18F]FEtOTs were co-injected onto the HPLC system. The radioactive peaks corresponding to the volatile compounds were collected, analyzed through headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry sampler (HS-GC–MS) and identified as vinyl fluoride ([19F]VF) and 2-fluoroethanol ([19F]FEOH). By using a rotatable central composite design with a two-level full factorial core of two factors (22), it was determined that temperature and time are independent variables which affect the generation of [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs. In addition, in order to reduce the formation of the volatiles ([18F]VF and [18F]FEOH) and increase the yield of [18F]FEtOTs, it was demonstrated that the molar ratio of base to precursor must also be considered. Conclusion: [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH are volatile side-products formed during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs, whose yields depend on the reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of base to precursor. Therefore, special care should be taken during the radiosynthesis and subsequent reactions using [18F]FEOTs in order to avoid environmental contamination and to improve the yield of the desired products.Tese IPEN-doc 25695 Synthesis of fluorine-18-labeled losartan analogs as novel positron emission tomography tracers for cancer imaging2019 - PIJEIRA, MARTHA S.O.Losartan is a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Several reports have highlighted the AT1R expression in several cancers enhancing tumor development and cancer progression. The aim of this thesis is the synthesis and evaluation of [18F]fluoroethyl-losartan ([18F]FEtLos) and [18F]ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate-losartan ([18F]AMBF3Los) as two novel losartan analogs to image AT1R-positive tumors using the positron emission tomography (PET). Initially, the cold compounds FEtLos and AMBF3Los were synthetized by alkylation and click chemistry reactions respectively, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Then, radiosynthesis of 2-[18F]fluoroethyl-tosylate was optimized from a radiation safety point of view. Next, [18F]FEtLos was manually synthetized by [18F]fluoroethylation of losartan with low molar activity and greater than 99% radiochemical purity. [18F]AMBF3Los was easily synthetized with greater than 97% radiochemical purity by one step 18F-19F isotopic exchange approach using low and high activities of [18F]fluoride that afforded molar activities ranging from 2 to 139 GBq/μmol. In vitro competition binding assays showed that FEtLos and AMBF3Los have low and high binding affinity to human AT1R, respectively. AT1R expression was confirmed in breast, ovarian and gastric derived-tumors implanted on Nude mice. In spite of the low affinity, [18F]FEtLos was specific for renal AT1R. However, [18F]FEtLos did not showed specificity for tumor AT1R binding. μPET imaging, autoradiography and ex vivo biodistribution studies showed the specificity of [18F]AMBF3Los for both kidney and tumor AT1R binding. However, [18F]AMBF3Los was not able to reach the tumor site once injected intravenously probably because of its rapid metabolism and very fast clearance. Nonetheless our results demonstrate that 18F-Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) derivatives could be suitable tracers to cancer imaging AT1R-expressing tumor microenvironment, however, radiolabeled ARBs that possess better pharmacokinetics profile may be required.