Invited Keynote: Inter-annual variation of Amazon greenhouse balances 2010- 2014
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2017
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INTERNATIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE CONFERENCE, 10th
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Net carbon exchange between tropical land and the atmosphere is potentially important because the
vast amounts of carbon in forests and soils can be released on short time-scales e.g. via deforestation
or changes in temperature and moisture. Such changes may thus cause feedbacks on global climate,
as have been predicted in earth system models. In the tropics, the Amazon is most significant in the
global carbon cycle, hosting by far the largest carbon vegetation and soil carbon pools (~200 PgC).
Because of the very large precipitation amounts, approximately 20-25% of its area is seasonally
flooded and thus it is also an important region for methane emissions. From 2010 onwards we have
extended an earlier greenhouse gas measurement program to include regular vertical profiles of CO2,
CH4, N2O, CO, SF6, from the ground up to 4.5 km height at four sites along the main air-stream over
the Amazon Basin. Our measurements demonstrate that surface flux signals are primarily
concentrated to the lower 2 km and thus vertical profile measurements are ideally suited to estimate
greenhouse gas balances. Clearly a higher measurement density is desirable. We are in the process
of expanding the number of surface and airborne sampling sites as well as the number of trace gases
measured. Nonetheless, because of the homogeneity of the vegetation (forests) and the coherent
east to west trade-winds over the Basin, these data already permit a range of insights about the
magnitude, seasonality, inter-annual variation of carbon fluxes and their controls. Most recent years
have been anomalously hot with the southern part of the Basin having warmed the most. Precipitation
regimes also seem to have shifted with an increase in extreme floods. Approximately 20 percent of
Amazon forests have been deforested by now and development pressure on forests continues. For
the specific period we will discuss the year 2010 was anomalously dry, followed by 4 years wet (2011,
2012, 2013 and 2014) and another dry year (2015/16 -El Nino year). This period provides an
interesting contrast of climatic conditions in a warming world with increasing human pressures. We will
analyze the effect of this climate variability on annual and seasonal carbon balances for these five
years using our atmospheric data. We will estimate fluxes using a simple, but powerful back-trajectory
based atmospheric mass balance approach. Our data permit us not only to estimate net CO2 and CH4
fluxes, but using carbon monoxide we estimate carbon release via fires and thus the net carbon
balance of the unburned land vegetation. We will relate fire emissions to controls of land vegetation
functioning and independent diagnostics like fire counts. We will also discuss what our results suggest
for the role of the tropics of the global carbon balance.
Como referenciar
GATTI, LUCIANA V.; GLOOR, MANUEL; MILLER, JOHN B.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; SILVA, MARCELO G.; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CORREIA, CAIO C.S.; PETERS, WOUTER; BORGES, VIVIANE F.; IPIA, ALBER H.S.; BASSO, LUANA S.; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; ALDEN, CAROLINE B.; VAN DER LAAN-LUIJKX, INGRID; BARICHIVICH, JONATHAN; SANTOS, RICARDO S.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; COSTA, WELLISSON R.; ROSAN, THAIS M. Invited Keynote: Inter-annual variation of Amazon greenhouse balances 2010- 2014: nature and causes. In: INTERNATIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE CONFERENCE, 10th, August 21-25, 2017, Interlaken, Switzerland. Abstract... Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT), 2017. p. 303-303. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29151. Acesso em: 11 May 2024.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.