ROBERTA DE CARVALHO BARABAS

ROBERTA DE CARVALHO BARABAS

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The development of a multisensory program for the dissemination of the beneficial applications of the nuclear technology
2019 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; BARABÁS, CARLOS; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Despite all peaceful applications of nuclear technology, it is still addressed with prejudice. Prejudices may be explicit (conscious) or implicit (unconscious). However, either explicit or implicit, they interfere with individuals’ behavior and attitudes. Prejudices against any theme may be reduced and even reversed by new learning on the theme. Multisensory techniques have proven to make learning richer and more motivating. This work aims to present the development of a multisensory program designed for learning about the beneficial applications of nuclear technology and compare this program to a 12-week traditional teaching program with lecture classes about the nuclear technology. The multisensory program was held at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) for a group of teachers. Assisted tours to the IEA-R1 and to the Centro da Tecnologia das Radiações (CTR) as well as a coffee break serving a variety of commercially-available foods containing irradiated ingredients were part of the multisensory approach. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered before and after the program to identify and measure the implicit associations towards the nuclear technology. This multisensory program was compared to a 12-week traditional teaching program with lecture classes about the nuclear technology held at IPEN. Unlike the multisensory program, the IAT results from the traditional program demonstrated that the lecture classes were not effective for changing the implicit associations. The multisensory program was an effective tool for changing the implicit associations and can be useful for disseminating the beneficial applications of the nuclear technology.
Neurociências aplicadas ao ensino-aprendizagem da tecnologia nuclear
2018 - BARABÁS, ROBERTA de C.
Embora a tecnologia nuclear tenha aplicações benéficas para diversas áreas, como saúde, indústria, agricultura, produção de energia, entre outras, a sua aceitação ainda é restrita e há várias barreiras para o seu uso. A falta de conhecimento assertivo sobre essa tecnologia gera preconceito com relação à sua utilização. Preconceitos podem ser explícitos, que são conscientes, ou implícitos, inconscientes. No entanto, conscientes ou inconscientes, eles influenciam o comportamento e as atitudes. As experiências nas memórias explícita e implícita podem ser transferidas de uma para a outra. Assim, preconceitos ou associações inconscientes podem ser modificados pela memória explícita, ou seja, um novo conhecimento pode reduzi-los ou revertê-los. Para uma educação transformadora, o professor tem um papel central; entretanto, para que ele transmita o conhecimento de forma imparcial, é necessário que tenha uma visão livre de preconceitos. Esse trabalho visa desenvolver uma metodologia com apoio em neurociências por meio da qual as associações implícitas referentes às aplicações da tecnologia nuclear por parte dos professores de ciências sejam identificadas e possíveis preconceitos implícitos sejam modificados por meio de novos conhecimentos explícitos. Para identificar preconceitos implícitos são necessários testes específicos de memória implícita. O Teste de Associação Implícita (TAI) foi selecionado para esse trabalho. Seguindo as etapas fornecidas pelo software FreeIAT, o TAI foi customizado a fim de comparar as associações implícitas de participantes com relação às áreas nuclear e petróleo e sua consistência foi averiguada por um pré-teste aplicado a um grupo de especialistas (grupo controle) e de leigos, cujos resultados determinaram um bom valor de Alfa de Cronbach. Um programa multissensorial de 5 horas foi desenvolvido e realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) para um grupo de professores de ciências. O TAI foi aplicado no início e ao término do programa e os resultados das associações implícitas foram comparados. Após seis meses, o TAI foi reaplicado ao mesmo grupo de professores para verificar se as associações implícitas se mantiveram estáveis. Esse programa multissensorial foi comparado com um programa de 12 semanas de ensino tradicional com aulas expositivas realizado no IPEN para alunos ingressantes na pós-graduação. O programa multissensorial foi efetivo para mudar e manter as associações implícitas dos professores referentes às aplicações benéficas da tecnologia nuclear, diferentemente do ensino tradicional com aulas expositivas. Esse trabalho demonstrou que é possível quebrar paradigmas e preconceitos. A abordagem multissensorial possibilitou um conhecimento enriquecido sobre as aplicações da tecnologia nuclear, ou seja, promoveu novas experiências na memória explícita que modificaram as associações prévias armazenadas na memória implícita. Assim, o programa multissensorial demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficaz, capaz de produzir e manter mudanças nas associações implícitas, de baixo custo e pode ser aplicado em diversas áreas para mudar as associações implícitas e reverter preconceitos. Os resultados demonstraram que esse trabalho de doutorado teve êxito no que se propôs, contribuindo, assim, para a difusão do conhecimento das aplicações benéficas da tecnologia nuclear e, consequentemente, para a sua desmitificação. Essa metodologia completa poderá ser empregada em outras áreas para identificar, modificar e/ou reverter preconceitos ou estereótipos implícitos.
A panoramic view of nuclear science and technology education worldwide
2018 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; LIMA, ANA C. de S.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Nuclear energy has been used as a source of clean energy with many benefits. Nevertheless, it is still addressed with prejudice. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II (1945), the Three Mile Island accident (1979), Chernobyl accident (1986), the crash of the cesium-137 in Goiânia, Brazil (1987), and the accident in Fukushima (2011) may have been responsible for the negative image of nuclear energy. Researches on education have been conducted with students concerning the conceptual and practical issues of nuclear energy. This work aims to review the literature about nuclear energy education around the world in both, elementary school and high school. Since most educational researches on nuclear energy were published after 1980, this literature review covered the researches that have been published since 1980. The data were presented in chronological order. The results from the literature review provided a clear visualization of the global nuclear energy educational scenario, showing that the theme is still addressed with prejudice due to an incorrect view of nuclear energy and a limited view of its benefits. Concerning the science textbooks, the literature reports that the theme should be better addressed, encouraging students to research more about it. The data from this literature review will serve as a reference for a future proposal for a teaching training program for Brazilian science/physics high school teachers using a new teaching approach.
A neuroscience-based methodology to identify the implicit associations of brazilian science teachers towards nuclear technology
2018 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; LIMA, ANA C. de S.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Science, technology, and innovation play an essential role in helping countries increase the quality of life they offer their citizens. Since the discovery of nuclear fission in the 30s, the peaceful applications of nuclear technology have benefited several fields. Improved crops, preservation of food, health, environment protection and a stable supply of energy can be cited as contributions of nuclear technology for global wellbeing. Despite all benefits that result from the peaceful uses of nuclear technology, it is still addressed with prejudice. Prejudices may be explicit (conscious) or implicit (unconscious). Either explicit or implicit, prejudices interfere with individuals’ attitudes. This paper aims to assess the implicit associations of Brazilian science teachers towards nuclear technology by administering the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Identifying their implicit associations will contribute for the understanding of prejudices that may interfere with their teaching. A pretest with nuclear specialists was administered to check the consistency of the IAT. Subsequently, it was administered to the science teachers. The results of the IAT demonstrated more positive associations towards oil. The next step consists of proposing a methodology to change implicit associations of Brazilian science teachers towards nuclear technology.
The use of a neuroscience-based methodology to demystify and teach about the benefits of the nuclear field
2017 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Science, technology and innovation play an essential role in helping countries increase the quality of life they offer their citizens. Since the discovery of nuclear fission in the 30s, the peaceful applications of nuclear technology have benefited several fields. Improved crops, preservation of food, health advance – specially for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer –, environment protection and a stable supply of energy can be cited as contributions of nuclear technology for global wellbeing. Despite its benefits the nuclear energy is still addressed with prejudice. Accidents in nuclear field have contributed for its negative image. Prejudice against nuclear energy lead to misconceptions on the theme, which interfere with authorities’ decision on the development of new nuclear technology. Education is the starting point for public acceptance of nuclear technology. Educational neuroscience is an emerging scientific field that explores the interactions between biological processes and education and helps identify and change implicit associations. This paper aims to demonstrate how the previous knowledge may interfere with the implicit associations towards a source of energy. The first steps of a neuroscience-based methodology in progress are presented in this paper: a) a pretest with specialists of the nuclear field; b) a subsequent test with lay subjects; and c) comparison of the results from the pretest and test. A future step consists of applying neuroscience principles to Brazilian science teachers to identify and modify implicit attitudes towards nuclear technology to promote an assertive teaching-learning process The global educational scenario has demonstrated absence of neuroscience-based methods for the nuclear technology teaching and that represents an opportunity for developing strategic teaching methods that will help demystifying the theme consequently improving public acceptance of this type of technology. Once the real scenario is demystified, the population will have a broad vision of all contributions of the nuclear field.
Neuroscience applied to nuclear energy teaching
2017 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Science and technology play a key role in helping countries increase the quality of life of their inhabitants. The development of peaceful nuclear applications offers important contribution for several fields. However, nuclear accidents are reported as factors that lead to the formation of prejudiced beliefs and attitudes against nuclear technology. The media also influence on what people believe about it. Holding prejudice against nuclear technology will lead to misconceptions and interfere with authorities’ decision on the development of new technology. There are evidences in the literature that implicit prejudices might be avoidable, reduced and even reversed. Interest in prejudice and stereotyping is currently shared by emerging disciplines such as neuroscience. The field of educational neuroscience has developed several types of implicit association tests aiming to assess implicit prejudices that individuals are consciously unaware. As far as prejudices are reported in the nuclear energy education scenario implicit measurement techniques can be an effective tool to identify and measure prejudices against nuclear technology. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a valuable tool used worldwide as a measurement technique to assess implicit attitude toward discriminatory behaviors. This study aims to demonstrate the design and development of a neuroscience-based methodology, which will include a future administration of the IAT to school teachers to assess their implicit associations regarding nuclear energy. The procedure will contribute for understanding implicit prejudices interfering with teaching practices. Teaching a balanced view about the applications of the nuclear technology will contribute for the acceptance of nuclear technology.
The development of a neuroscience-based methodology for the nuclear energy learning/teaching process
2015 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE
Nucler energy education scenario around the world
2013 - BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE