EDUARDO SANT'ANA PETRACONI PRADO

EDUARDO SANT'ANA PETRACONI PRADO

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Estudo do processamento de rejeitos radioativos sólidos compactáveis por plasma térmico
2021 - PRADO, EDUARDO S.P.; MIRANDA, FELIPE de S.; RITA, CRISTIAN C.P.; SILVA, ROBERSON J. da; ESSIPTCHOUK, ALEXEI M.; PETRACONI FILHO, GILBERTO; BALDAN, MAURICIO R.; POTIENS JUNIOR, ADEMAR J.
O uso de radioisótopos para as mais diversas finalidades tem se intensificado e destacado pelos benefícios que proporcionam. A geração de energia elétrica, a indústria, a agricultura, a medicina diagnóstica e terapêutica, são alguns exemplos. Porém, essas aplicações têm como desvantagem gerar rejeitos radioativos e estes requerem tratamento apropriado para deposição final. Neste âmbito, entre as tecnologias promissoras para o tratamento de rejeitos radioativos sólidos compactáveis, a utilização de plasma térmico para gerar uma descarga de arco transferido por meio de eletrodos de grafite se mostra uma tecnologia capaz de reduzir substancialmente a massa e o volume de rejeitos radioativos após expô-los a temperaturas superiores a 3.000ºC. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram bastante satisfatórios, alcançando aproximadamente 100% de redução em 30 min de processo. Esforços futuros devem ser empregados para maior confiabilidade do sistema, eliminação de radionuclídeos voláteis no efluente gasoso e otimização completa da operação.
Experimental study on treatment of simulated radioactive waste by thermal plasma
2021 - PRADO, E.S.P.; MIRANDA, F.S.; ARAUJO, L.G.; PETRACONI, G.; BALDAN, M.R.; ESSIPTCHOUK, A.; POTIENS JUNIOR, A.J.
Thermal plasma technology is a process that demonstrates high performance for the processing of different types of waste. This technology can also be applied in the treatment of radioactive wastes, which requires special care. Beyond that, volumetric reduction, inertization, as well as a cheap and efficient process are necessary. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of thermal plasma technology for the treatment of solid radioactive waste. For this, stable Co and Cs were used to simulate compactable and non-compactable radioactive waste; about 0.8 g Co and 0.6 g Cs were added in each experimental test. The experimental tests were conducted using plasma of transferred arc electric discharge generated by the graphite electrode inside the process reactor. The behavior and distribution of the radionuclides present in the waste were assessed during the plasma process. The results show that the significant amounts of Co and Cs leave the melt by volatilization and are transferred to the gas phase with a small portion retained in the molten slag. The retention rate of Co in the slag phase is about 0.03% and 0.30% for compactable and non-compactable waste, respectively. On the other hand, Cs is completely transferred to the gas phase when added to the compactable waste. Conversely, when in the non-compactable waste, only 1.4% Cs is retained.
Tecnologia de plasma para redução volumétrica de rejeitos radioativos
2020 - PRADO, EDUARDO S.P.
Usinas nucleares, hospitais, indústrias e institutos de pesquisa geram quantidades consideráveis de rejeitos radioativos todos os dias. A deposição segura destes rejeitos deve ser realizado imobilizando os radionuclídeos e, para melhor capacidade de armazenamento, este deve ser volumetricamente reduzido o máximo possível. Neste preceito, a tecnologia de plasma térmico se demonstra uma tecnologia promissora para tratamento de rejeitos radioativos, converte os rejeitos radioativos expostos a temperaturas elevadas nos chamados gases e sólidos resultantes do processo (particulados e escória vitrificada), reduzindo substancialmente seu volume. No presente estudo, foi desenvolvido um sistema experimental empregando um eletrodo de grafite como catodo da descarga de arco transferido para o processamento de rejeitos sólidos compactáveis e não compactáveis. Os rejeitos foram simulados por meio da inserção de isótopos estáveis de césio, cobalto e chumbo, césio e cobalto. Os estudos foram focados no efeito do tempo de processo sobre o fator de redução volumética, na fração de radiosótopos retidos na escória vitrificada e na linha de gases de exaustão. Os resultados mostram que após 30 minutos de tratamento com operação em potência da ordem de 10 kW, obtem-se fatores de redução volumétrica de 1:99 e 1:77, para resíduos sólidos compactáveis e não compactáveis, respectivamente. Nos rejeitos não compactáveis, e, portanto, com maior fração de elementos inorgânicos, a porcentagem dos isótopos estáveis retidos na escória foi mais elevada, inferindo maior atividade do traçador neste tipo de rejeito. Considerando os aspectos regulátórios, econômicos e ambientais, uma análise mais geral das pesquisas indica elevado potencial do emprego desta tecnologia no processamento e gerenciamento de resíduos radioativos.
Physicochemical modifications of radioactive oil sludge by ozone treatment
2020 - ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de; PRADO, EDUARDO S.P.; MIRANDA, FELIPE de S.; VICENTE, ROBERTO; SILVA SOBRINHO, ARGEMIRO S. da; PETRACONI FILHO, GILBERTO; MARUMO, JULIO T.
An experimental study on the degradation of organic compounds from radioactive oil sludge by the ozonation process is presented. The effects of different concentrations of ozone in the oil sludge degradation over time were investigated. The experiments were performed in a 0.125 L glass reactor with magnetic stirring and a diffuser plate at the bottom to feed the ozone. The ozone concentration varied from 13 to 53 mg L−1 and the total interaction time was 1 h. To investigate the physicochemical properties of the oil sludge (solid and liquid components) prior to and after the treatment, multiple analytical characterization methods were used: Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Spectrophotometer, and Residual Gas Analyzer. The most perceptive change is in the color of the liquid medium turned from dark brown to light yellow, especially under ozone concentrations higher than 33 mg L−1. Absorbance values decreased about 3.5 times after 30 min of treatment with [O3] =53 mg L−1. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the bands associated with the CH3 and CeH in CH2 disappeared during treatment. On the other hand, a greater presence of C]C aromatics was observed. By residual gas analysis, various organic and inorganic gases were identified during the treatment, such as CH4, H2, CO2, and H2S. Finally, the ozonation of the oil sludge proved to be effective, due to its high reaction capacity.
Use of plasma reactor to viabilise the volumetric reduction of radioactive wastes
2020 - PRADO, E.S.P.; MIRANDA, F.S.; PETRACONI, G.; POTIENS JUNIOR, A.J.
Nuclear reactors, hospitals, industries and research institutes generate considerable amounts of radioactive waste every day. To dispose this waste in a safe and costeffective manner, it must be treated by immobilising the radionuclides and, for better stocking capacity, it must be volumetrically reduced as much as possible. To this end, plasma technology, among other promising technologies for radioactive waste treatment, exposes radioactive waste to temperatures above 1400 °C, thereby substantially reducing its volume. In the planning and managing of radioactive waste, the challenges related to plasma technology are presented as a motivation factor for the possible implantation of plasma reactors in nuclear plants and research centres, thereby improving radioactive waste management. In this study, a thermal plasma treatment process was established, and a plasma reactor was used for compactable waste processing. After 30 min of thermal plasma treatment, the volume reduction factor reached 1:99. The results demonstrate the viability of using a thermal plasma process for the volumetric reduction of radioactive waste in a safe and cost-effective manner.
Plasma reactor to viabilize the volumetric reduction of radioactive wastes
2019 - PRADO, EDUARDO S.P.; GONÇALVES, MAX F.S.; MIRANDA, FELIPE de S.; PETRACONI FILHO, GILBERTO; MASSI, MARCOS; POTIENS JUNIOR, ADEMAR J.
Introduction According of the International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA, nuclear waste, also known as, radioactive waste, is any material containing a higher concentration of radionuclides than those considered safe by the national authorities. In Brazil, there is a National Nuclear Energy Commission to regulate. These wastes can be generated in nuclear power plants, industries, hospitals and research institutes. To permanently dispose of these radioactive wastes of low and medium level of radioactivity safely and cost effectively, these should be transformed into the physical and chemical compounds suitable for radionuclides immobilization with maximum volume and exhaust gaseous reduction. Incineration is used as a treatment for a very wide range of wastes. Incineration itself is commonly only one part of a complex waste treatment system that altogether, provides for the overall management of the broad range of wastes that arise in society. The objective of waste incineration, in common with most waste treatments, is to treat waste so as to reduce its volume and hazard, whilst capturing (and thus concentrating) or destroying potentially harmful substances. The incineration of waste is one of the most widespread and effective technologies allowing considerably to reduce waste volume. In this scope, among the promising technologies for the radioactive waste treatment is the plasma technology that allows reducing substantially the waste volume after exposing them to temperatures above 2500ºC. In the planning and management of radioactive waste, the challenges related to plasma technology are presented as a motivation factor for the possible implantation of plasma reactors in nuclear plants and research centers with the objective of improving the process of radioactive waste treatment. In this way, this work aims to evaluate the use of plasma technology for the incineration of radioactive waste for volumetric reduction and immobilization of this waste. Methods In this work, a plasma reactor was used for waste incineration, and all reactor parameters (electric energy ranges, maximum arc current, maximum working voltage, air fl ow, maximum energy conversion effi ciency, average temperature of heated gas, heated enthalpy) was controlled based on literature. The experiment was carried out in the plasma reactor (laboratory scale) of LPP in the ITA, using plasma torch transferred arc and with gaseous argon oxidizing agent. The electrical and thermal characteristics of the auxiliary systems of the plasma reactor were obtained using transducers and thermocouples. The composition of the gases in the process was analyzed using mass spectrometer and spectrophotometer. Results The accuracy of the data was important to ensure good results in the process, which allowed the extraction of relevant information from the experiments performed. The volumetric reduction reached 92% in relation to the sample before being processed, with a peak temperature of 1800ºC. Although a larger amount of argon fl ow intensify the cooling of the inner wall of the reactor, and further promote the dilution of the plasma, the arc voltage increases, resulting in higher power operation. Conclusions In the present work a high effi ciency thermal transfer torch was characterized , able to validate the use of the plasma jet for the treatment of radioactive waste.
Tratamento de rejeitos radioativos compactáveis aplicando a tecnologia plasma para redução volumétrica
2019 - PRADO, E.S.P.; MIRANDA, F.S.; PETRACONI, G.; POTIENS JUNIOR, A.J.
Technical feasibility study on volumetric reduction of radioactive wastes using plasma technology
2017 - PRADO, E.S.P.; DELLAMANO, J.C.; CARNEIRO, A.L.G.; SANTOS, R.C.; PETRACONI, G.; POTIENS JUNIOR, A.J.
The radioactive waste arising from nuclear reactors, hospitals, industry and research institutes are generated daily with a considerable amount. To final dispose of these radioactive waste safely and cost effectively, they must be transformed into physical and chemical compounds suitable for radionuclides immobilization with maximum volume and exhaust gaseous reduction. In this scope, among the promising technologies for the radioactive waste treatment, plasma technology allows reducing substantially the waste volume after exposing them to temperatures above 2,500ºC. In the planning and management of radioactive waste, the challenges related to plasma technology are presented as a motivation factor for the possible implantation of plasma reactors in nuclear plants and research centers aiming at improving the process of radioactive waste management.