MARIANA SILVA DE ARAUJO

MARIANA SILVA DE ARAUJO

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PLA-BioAISr glass composite as a candidate for bone and tendinous regeneration applications
2023 - MENDONCA, D.O.; ARAUJO, M.S.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.
Introduction and objective: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently one of the most promising biodegradable and biocompatible materials once it can be produced from renewable resources and used in packaging, biomedical and tissue engineering applications. In the past decade, composite materials combining biodegradable polymers with inorganic materials such as bioactive glasses are being studied showing remarkable improvements mostly in mechanical and thermal properties. Previous studies conducted by our research group proposed a bioactive glass composition containing strontium and alumina, BioAlSr, ensuring osteointegration and superior mechanical properties [1]. Here, a composite film of PLA and BioAlSr was proposed for bone tissue regeneration. Methodology: To produce the composite films chloroform was used as cast solvent. The PLA was dissolved in chloroform at 3,3g/ml and the BioAlSr particles was added in ratios of 15, 30, 50 and 70 wt%. The glass particles were submitted to ultrasonic treatment to permit more efficient dispersion in the PLA matrix. The obtained films were analysed for their microstructure with X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis, homogeneity by polarized light microscopy and and in vitro cytotoxicity by NCTC clone 929 cell line. Results and discussion: All XRD spectra showed predominantly amorphous state of the composite films. To examine the existence and type of interfacial interaction in the composites, FT-IR experiments were performed and compared with pure PLA and BioAlSr. The regions of interest were 1780 and 1680 cm-1 for the C=O stretch, and 3600–3000 cm-1 for the O–H stretch from PLA known bands [2] and the region of 800-1300 cm−1 corresponded to the stretching vibrations of the silica of the bioactive glass was analysed [1]. PLA characteristic bands were predominant even in samples containing 50 and 70 wt% of BioAlSr. The dispersive effect of the glass particles in the PLA matrix was also evaluated by polarized light microscopy and the results demonstrated an adequate homogenization. Also, cytotoxicity and cell viability obtained by using the NCTC clone 929 cell line did not show any significant loss of cell viability or cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Preliminary results of the proposed study indicate the obtention of a homogeneous composite film with adequate interaction between the matrix and the dispersed material, preserving the microstructure of both materials. Furthermore, the material obtained did not show cytotoxicity, indicating that it is a promising alternative for the application of bone and tendinous regeneration.
Remoção de césio-137 em efluentes por adsorção em zeólita A sintetizadas a partir das cinzas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
2023 - ARAUJO, M.S.; COSTA E SILVA, D.L.; IZIDORO, J.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.; FUNGARO, D.A.
Em decorrência do uso crescente de tecnologias com atividade nuclear, está a geração de rejeitos contaminados, em particular, os efluentes os quais representam grandes volumes de água contendo radionuclídeos ainda ativos em dispersão. Dentre os radionuclídeos gerados, o césio-137 (137Cs) está entre os mais preocupantes pelo fato de ser um emissor de raios gama e, ser também, um dos isótopos mais abundantes nos rejeitos radioativos da atividade nuclear e possuir meia-vida relativamente longa (30,4 anos). Atualmente, a adsorção é um dos métodos mais atraentes para a retenção de 137Cs em termos do bom desempenho de remoção de maneira segura. Vários materiais adsorventes inorgânicos têm sido amplamente utilizados, tendo destaque as zeólitas, que devido ao seu alto grau de cristalinidade, garantem maior seletividade e eficiência na adsorção em comparação a outros materiais como alumina, sílica gel e carvão ativo. Ainda, a possibilidade de ser sintetizada a partir de resíduos como as cinzas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, a torna um material de baixo custo. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa foi conduzida por meio do estudo da adsorção de uma solução de cloreto de césio por zeólita A sintetizada a partir das cinzas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e do impacto dos íons de Cs+ adsorvidos em sua estrutura cristalina. As amostras foram caracterizadas por diferentes técnicas a fim de avaliar sua composição química, tamanho de partícula, estrutura cristalina e comportamento térmico. Os resultados indicam a obtenção de zeólita tipo NaA de alta pureza e com elevada capacidade de adsorção. Ainda, o teor de sódio presente na zeólita foi completamente substituído pela troca iônica de íons de Na+ por íons de Cs+. Portanto, o material sintetizado é uma solução promissora para o tratamento e remoção de césio-137 em efluentes gerados contaminados.
45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium
2021 - ARAUJO, MARIANA S. de
Bioactive glasses are one of the pioneering material for biomedical applications and have been widely used for orthopedic and dental implant surfaces. However, their limited mechanical strength, low toughness, and wear resistance, as well as a high tendency to crystallize, have prevented their use as load bearing devices or that need to undergo thermal treatment during its production. In view of reduce its drawbacks the present research exposes the influence of 2 mol% of Al2O3 and 2 mol% SrO in 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions. Four compositions were produced to elucidate the difference in how both oxides, separately and their synergy when together, affected the structure, thermal, bioactivity and mechanical behavior. Changes of medium-range structures were characterized by Qn distribution of Raman spectroscopy and evaluation of 31P, 27Al, 23Na and 29Si environment obtained by Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR). Despite Qn distribution was predominantly Q2 in all samples the composition criteria used enabled improved processing and stabilibity characteristics. The addition of Al2O3 and SrO promoted larger sinterability parameter (Sc) which indicates better sintering behavior, the glass stability against crystallization doubled (KH) compared to 45S5 and the processing window enlarged from 106 to 171. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis after in vitro bioactivity test indicates that 480 min of soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was sufficient for reconfiguration of the pre-existent features favoring the appearance of phosphate and carbonate phases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) provided information upon the layers formed rich in calcium and phosphorous and silanol groups. The changes made in composition did not affect the reactivity but caused a decrease in maxima of pH. After overnight incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 4 and 8 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 8 ppm. The results suggested that both the different pH and rate of degradation may be the reason for the different antibacterial behavior of the samples. Moreover, all the compositions studied were considered non-cytotoxic by the neutral red uptake methodology. Considering changes in mechanical behavior the bending strength increased by 60% and toughness doubled. On the other hand, the wear resistance obtained against steel was found to be three times higher than 45S5. For the aforementioned reasons, the use of these new bioactive glasses might be a promising solution for the reconstruction of bone defects, as well as for the treatment and eradication of bone infections.
In vitro bioactivity and antibacterial capacity of 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium
2021 - ARAUJO, M.S.; SILVA, A.C.; CABAL, B.; BARTOLOME, J.F.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.
A modified 45S5 Bioglass® containing 2 mol% alumina and 2 mol% strontium oxide was prepared. In vitro bioactivity in powder and monolithic samples was conducted. Fourier transform infrared analysis and pH change in simulated body fluid were investigated for powder samples after 480 min of immersion. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy after 7 and 14 days of immersion in simulated body fluid were investigated for monolithic samples. The formation of phosphate and carbonate phase precursors of hydroxycarbonate apatite was observed after 480 min for powder samples, and the hydroxycarbonate apatite pattern and morphology were confirmed after 7 days of immersion for monolithic samples. It seems that changes in composition did not affect reactivity but caused a decrease in the maxima of pH. Cytotoxicity and cell viability obtained by using the NCTC clone 929 cell line did not show any significant loss of cell viability or cytotoxicity. Moreover, after overnight incubation, the samples demonstrated safe disinfection for Escherichia coli. For these reasons, the use of these new bioactive glasses can be considered a promising alternative for the reconstruction of bone defects and even for the treatment and suppression of bone infections.
Tribological and mechanical behaviour of 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium
2020 - ARAUJO, M.S.; BARTOLOMÉ, J.F.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.
Although bioactive glasses have been widely used for the surfaces of orthopaedic and dental implants, its limited mechanical strength, low toughness and wear resistance have prevented their use as load-bearing devices. Considering that even a small variation in the composition of such materials can deeply modify their features, inducing very different physicochemical or mechanical properties, the present research was conducted by modifying the glass network of 45S5 Bioglass® by adding Al2O3 and SrO to obtain a highly bioactive glass with improved mechanical and tribological performance for biomedical applications. The addition of 2% Al2O3 and 2% SrO produced a dense material with the same elastic modulus as 45S5 (~50 GPa). Moreover, the bending strength increased by 60% and the toughness doubled. The wear rate obtained against steel was found to be three times lower than that of 45S5. From the results, it can be assumed that both alumina and strontium synergistically play crucial roles in the mechanical and tribological properties of these new bioactive glasses.
Structural and thermal behavior of 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium
2020 - ARAUJO, MARIANA S.; SILVA, ANTONIO C.; BARTOLOMÉ, JOSÉ F.; MELLO-CASTANHO, SONIA
The present research exposes the influence of 2 mol% of Al2O3 and 2 mol% SrO in 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions. Four compositions were produced to elucidate the difference in how both oxides influence structure and thermal behavior separately and their synergy when together. Thermal properties, crystallization tendency, and sintering behavior was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and dilatometry. Changes of medium-range structures were characterized by Qn distribution of Raman spectroscopy and evaluation of 31P, 27Al, 23Na, and 29Si environment obtained by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Despite Qn distribution was predominantly Q2 in all samples, the composition criteria used enabled improved processing and stabilibity characteristics. The addition of Al2O3 and SrO promoted larger sinterability parameter (Sc) which indicates better sintering behavior, the glass stability against crystallization doubled (KH) compared to 45S5 and the processing window enlarged from 106 to 171.
Double line waveguide amplifiers written by femtosecond laser irradiation in rare-earth doped germanate glasses
2020 - SILVA, DIEGO S. da; WETTER, NIKLAUS U.; KASSAB, LUCIANA R.P.; ROSSI, WAGNER de; ARAUJO, MARIANA S. de
We report the production of active double waveguides in Er/Yb doped GeO2-PbO glasses, by direct femtosecond laser writing. The glasses were produced using the melt-quenching technique and the active waveguides were written using 30 fs laser pulses, at 800 nm, with writing speed of 0.06 mm/s and pulse energy of 32 μJ. The photo-induced negative refractive index change was of 􀀀 7.4 � 10􀀀 3. The Er/Yb doped sample showed a relative gain (signal enhancement of 7.5 dB/cm, for 105 mW of 980 nm pump power. The relative gain compensates both, the propagation losses and the absorption losses, and a positive maximum internal gain of 4.6 dB/cm can be obtained at the signal wavelength of 1550 nm. The results obtained in present work demonstrate that Er/Yb glasses are promising materials for the fabrication of integrated amplifiers, lossless components and lasers based on germanate glasses.
Soda lime silica glasses obtained from industrial solid wastes
2018 - ARAUJO, M.S.; PRADO, U.S.; GENOVA, L.A.
In this work, soda-lime glasses were produced using industrial solid wastes such as rice husk ash (RHA) and spent catalyst at the Petrochemical Fluid Catalytic Cracking units (ECAT) as alternative raw materials for silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). These correspond to two particularly valuable solid wastes, which are not well explored in the viewpoint of glass production. For the fabrication of vitreous samples we have also used, besides the wastes, commercial sodium carbonate and lime. Soda-lime glass containing the wastes was prepared by melting in alumina crucibles at 1600°C for 1 hour. Annealing treatments were performed for 3 hours at 530°C and then cooled to room temperature inside the furnace. The glass samples were characterized using XRF, XRD, ATG and visible spectrometer. The color measurement by (CIE) chromaticity diagram and optical transmission showed a good optical transparency of the glass samples, which confirmed the total vitrification. The results demonstrate that both can be used in their raw form (without treatment) replacing important raw materials, sources of Al2O3 and SiO2, essential for glass formation. The samples obtained presented amber color due to the presence of nickel (Ni²+ ion) from ECAT. Thus, the obtained glass is suitable for applications requiring low light transmittance such as colored glasses containers in general, which does not require complete visibility and transparency.
Structural reinforcement of Nb2O5 in soda-lime borosilicate glasses for nuclear waste immobilization
2018 - SILVA, D.L.C.; SILVA, A.C.; ARAUJO, M.S.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.R.
The vitrification process has been used for high level nuclear waste (HLW) immobilization for more than 40 years around the word. However, there are still many difficulties involving the radiation effects in the glass matrixes as, for example, crackings that reduce their mechanical and chemical resistance. The impact of Nb2O5 addition in the CaO-Na2O-SiO2-B2O5 glass system was investigated. The glass samples, produced by melting method, were submitted to extreme chemical attacks like the alkaline ISO 695-1984 (E), the acid DIN 12116-1976 and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy. XRD diffraction patterns obtained before the chemical attacks confirmed the vitreous character of the samples. Raman spectra and FTIR spectra obtained after the chemical attacks indicated that the Nb2O5 is well connected to the glass network, supported by the decrease in mass loss after the chemical attacks, as the the Nb2O5 content was raised in the samples. These results are indicative that the chemical resistance of the studied glasses can be improved by increasing the Nb2O5 content. These results show that the process is a promising alternative to produce new family of the appropriate glasses for nuclear wastes immobilization.
Variations of Qn distribution in bioactive glasses containing strontium oxide and alumina
2018 - ARAUJO, M.S.; SILVA, A.C.; SILVA, D.L.C. e; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.R.
The complexity in designing brand-new compositions as 45S5 Bioglass® is mainly due to the fact the more components you have, the more difficult it is to trace the relationship between composition, structure and bioactivity. Also, the properties of bioactive compositions reflect their ability to release a critical amount of different ions in the surrounding host tissue, creating or not favorable conditions to stimulate cellular processes. Since these properties and process of interaction are directly related to the glass network connectivity, which can be evaluated by Qn distribution and other medium-range structural techniques, the present research studied two series of compositions based on 45S5 however adding amounts of Al2O3 and SrO, to verify the impact of subtle compositional changes in the Qn distribution. The samples were obtained by melting (1500°C) and quenching and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (ATD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The initial results indicates that the matrix of typical bioactive phospho-silicate glasses which consists to be mostly Q², with some Q³, structures have been maintained in samples containing only SrO (0-2,7%mol). However, the samples containing both Al2O3 (2%mol) and SrO (0-2,7%mol) indicates that the addition of 1%mol SrO there is an increase of Q² in detriment of Q³, but then when the addition is up to 2,7%mol there is a decrease of Q² inversely proportional to Q³. Although these changes have been presented, none of the samples of both series presented cytotoxicity. Furthermore, studies on biocompatibility are being conducted to evaluate its impacts on their bioactivity.