GIOVANA TEIXEIRA GIMILIANI

GIOVANA TEIXEIRA GIMILIANI

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Aspects of higly microplastic contamination in the Atlantic Forest estuary
2023 - PARRA, DUCLERC F.; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA; SANTOS, JACINETE L. dos; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B.
The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest regions in terms of biodiversity in the world. Originally the biome covered about 15% of the national territory. Currently, only about 12.4% (SOS MATA ATLÂNTICA, 2021) of well-preserved forest remnants remain in the country [1]. Regarding mangrove areas, in the state of São Paulo there are about 223 km², according to the Atlas of mangroves in Brazil, with about 120.5 km² of this total in Baixada Santista. Analyzes of sediments collected at Santos estuarine mangroves, in various points show a high concentration of microplastics generated from industrial processes or even anthropogenic activity. These solid particles based on (< 5 mm) are today one of the main environmental problems. The microplastics present in the sediment samples were quantified after drying and sieving amount limited of sediment. FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy identified filaments and fragments of microplastics (MPs) as commom polymer spectra. Also additives and herbicides were present in some MPs. All polymeric types identified (<5mm) have wide applications and demands by packaging, civil construction, automotive, electrical and electronics, and textile sectors.
Are mangroves hotspots of marine litter for surrounding beaches? Hydrodynamic modeling and quali-quantitative analyses of waste in southeastern Brazil
2023 - DUARTE, LUIS F. de A.; RIBEIRO, RENAN B.; MEDEIROS, TIERRY V. de; SCHEPPIS, WILLIAM R.; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.
Toxicity of glitter to marine organisms
2023 - ALBANIT, LETICIA F.; BEVERARI, ISABELLA; CESAR-RIBEIRO, CAIO; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; ABESSA, DENIS M. de S.
This study aimed to determine the toxicity of glitter particles of two colors (green and white) on the embryos of the sand dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata. Toxicity tests were performed using both green- and white-glitter particles. Adult sand dollar individuals were collected and gametes were obtained by osmotic induction. Each glitter was tested in five test solutions: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100% (= mg L-1). The results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, allowing the determination of the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC). The LOECs calculated for the green glitter dispersions were 0.01 % (P < 0.05) in the first two tests, and 100% in the third test. The LOECs for the white-glitter dispersions ranged from 0.01 % to 0.1 %. Our results demonstrate that glitters of both colors are capable of affecting the embryonic development of M. quinquiesperforata.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy for identification of microplastics in the São Vicente estuarine
2022 - BERECZKI, ALLAN; PASCOAL, DIEGO R.C.; DIPOLD, JESSICA; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; PARRA, DUCLERC F.; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z.; WETTER, NIKLAUS
Microplastics (MPs) are a concern regarding our environment due to the risks posed by the interactions of the large amounts of anthropogenic MPs dumped in the environment with biological systems. MPs have been vastly found in the environment and are transferred to the food chain with MPs being detected in foods, beverages and even in human blood and breastmilk. Understanding the behavior and characteristics of MPs is critical to assessing potential health risks (human and environmental) related to MPs and taking steps to prevent them from entering the ecosystem. Micro Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing MPs particles, being considered the gold standard because it allows identification of both the polymer matrix and possible pigments and contaminants. Furthermore it offers the possibility of characterizing both the chemical structure as well as the morphological features of the MPs. We utilized a Raman system to characterize MPs from the environment. Results from a standard MP sample were successfully measured and identified to reference spectra and even small portions of the sample as small as a few μm are suitable for obtaining a high quality spectrum for identification of the material (Fig1). Samples collected from at the São Vicente estuarine are being studied and by means of comparison with the Willey database it was possible to identify MP, additives and contaminants, thus demonstrating the power of the technique.
Can the colors of beach-stranded plastic pellets in beaches provide additional information for the environmental monitoring?
2022 - MENDES, GABRIEL I.; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; NOBRE, CAIO R.; TAKADA, HIDESHIGE; FONTES, ROBERTO F.C.; ABESSA, DENIS M. de S.
Plastic pellets are granules of different polymers used in the manufacture of various plastic products. Plastic pellets can reach the environment due to losses after their manufacturing process, especially the transportation. Loading in harbour areas and transport by ships are the main sources of plastic pellets to the ocean and coastal areas. After pellets reach the environment, they may adsorb and concentrate chemicals contaminants from different sources. Moreover, the weathering of plastic pellets may result in color changes, from white to brownish. This study aimed to analyse the color pattern of pellets collected on beaches of the central coast of São Paulo, Brazil, as an indicator of weathering and ageing processes. Plastic pellets were collected in four sampling surveys conducted between April 2012 and September 2015, and then separated in five color groups: white, yellowish, orange, brown, and pigmented. All sampled beaches had a consistent pattern of light-toned pellets (white and yellowish). This pattern was also found over time, suggesting a constant supply of plastic pellets to the beaches, coming from the harbour area. We also recommend the use of the color pattern of plastic pellets in citizen science monitoring programs.
Difficulties in comparison among different microplastic studies
2022 - GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; IZAR, GABRIEL
Microplastics in surface waters and sediments in the Sebou Estuary and Atlantic Coast, Morocco
2022 - HADDOUT, S.; GIMILIANI, G.T.; PRIYA, K.L.; HOGUANE, A.M.; CASILA, J.C.C.; LJUBENKOV, I.
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants and present risks to human and environmental health. Microplastic levels were examined in sediment and surface water samples at stations along the Sebou Estuary and Atlantic Coast of Morocco. The microplastic abundance, distribution, and characteristics were characterized. The microplastics were separated into fragments, fibers, films, and granules. The results at all stations showed that the microplastic abundance in water samples ranged from 10 to 168 particles/m³, whereas in the sediment samples, the levels were from 10 to 300 particles/kg. Stations adjacent to Kenitra City showed significantly high levels of microplastics (p < 0.001) compared with the Atlantic Coast, likely due to population density and human activity. The majority of the detected microplastics was from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, followed by 0.5 to 1 mm. The predominant shape in water and sediments were fragments. The results for the type, size, and color of the microplastics suggest the Sebou Estuary is a hotspot on the Atlantic Coast. The results of this study may contribute to increased awareness and better implementation of solid waste management plans, especially at Kenitra City, to protect the biologically diverse ecosystem of the Moroccan Estuary and Atlantic Coast.
Caracterização de microplásticos em amostras marinhas e estuarinas
2021 - GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.
Microplásticos são partículas plásticas com tamanho < 5 mm e são considerados contaminantes emergentes globais devido a sua presença generalizada em diversos compartimentos ambientais, inclusive ecossistemas aquáticos, e ao risco associado a sua ingestão. São classificados em microplásticos primários, referentes aos pellets e microesferas; microplásticos secundários, cujas partículas são provenientes da fragmentação de resíduos plásticos descartados incorretamente e de lavagens de roupas sintéticas. Microplásticos possuem propriedades de sorção, podendo adsorver contaminantes presentes no ambiente e transferi-los à cadeia trófica pela ingestão e lixiviação dos contaminantes e aditivos plásticos, afetando a saúde da biota e humana. O presente trabalho investigou a presença, e as características de microplásticos encontrados em diferentes amostras de ambientes costeiros marinhos e estuarinos, dividindo em três estudos com diferentes matrizes: pellets (1), sedimentos estuarinos (2) e organismos marinhos de importância comercial (3). Para cada matriz foram aplicados objetivos específicos e metodologias diferentes. Pellets foram coletados em duas regiões costeiras, praia e mangue, ambas com diferentes históricos de contaminação. O objetivo foi avaliar a possível origem da contaminação e a relação dos metais e elementos traço associados aos pellets encontrados. Amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em um sistema estuarino e peneiradas em malhas granulométricas: 2, 1, 0,5 e 0,25 mm para estimativa da abundância e distribuição de microplásticos. Mexilhões de duas espécies obtidos em mercados de países diferentes foram avaliados quanto à presença de microplásticos em uma porção para consumo humano (~1kg). Os microplásticos extraídos das amostras nos três estudos foram caracterizados quanto ao tipo polimérico, quantificados e categorizados em fragmentos e fibras/linhas. Os resultados apresentaram níveis de metais e elementos traço (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc e Zn) relativamente mais elevados em pellets de região de praia (6,3 a 2.537 ng g-1 e 1,2 a 682,5 μg g-1), considerada livre de atividades antrópicas em comparação aos pellets de mangue altamente impactado (2,2 a 2.132 ng g-1 e 0,5 a 339,5 μg g-1). A provável origem dos pellets pode estar associada à região portuária e os elevados níveis de elementos traço à sorção de contaminantes durante o trajeto percorrido até seu encalhe. Quanto aos sedimentos estuarinos, a abundância estimada variou de 6.150 a 93.050 microplásticos kg-1 e foi inversamente proporcional ao tamanho das malhas granulométricas. Sua distribuição foi maior nos pontos com presença de favelas de palafitas, sendo as prováveis fontes de microplásticos no sistema estuarino estudado. Os organismos analisados M. galloprovincialis e P. perna tiveram frequência relativa de microplásticos em 69,1% e 100%, respectivamente. A ingestão destes organismos equivale a 153 e 760 microplásticos em uma refeição (~1 kg), respectivamente. Nos três estudos realizados, a proporção entre fragmentos e linhas/fibras foi semelhante e o tipo polimérico polietileno foi predominante nas amostras de microplásticos analisadas, estas cujos níveis de desagaste e oxidação foram bastante elevados. O presente estudo verificou ocorrência generalizada de microplásticos nas amostras analisadas, apresentando potenciais riscos e impactos ao ambiente e à saúde humana. Além disso, dados inéditos sobre composição, características e distribuição de microplásticos foram apresentados neste trabalho, podendo ser utilizados para futuros projetos e programas de avaliação e monitoramento ambiental e segurança alimentar.
Microplastics in rivers and coastal waters of the province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador
2021 - CAPPARELLI, MARIANA V.; MOLINERO, JON; MOULATLET, GABRIEL M.; BARRADO, MIREN; PRADO-ALCIVAR, SANTIAGO; CABRERA, MARCELA; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA; NACATO, CAROLINA; PINOS-VELEZ, VERONICA; CIPRIANI-AVILA, ISABEL
This study represents the first assessment of microplastic (MP) contamination in the coastal area of the Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador. MPs were quantified in 14 coastal waters in beaches with different urbanization level and in 10 rivers. The most abundant MP types were transparent fibres, brown fragments, grey fragments, transparent fragments, and black fragments, which together represented 84% of the total count. Coastal waters presented significantly higher quantities of MP than rivers. No difference in microplastic abundance was detected between beaches with higher and lower urban occupation, nor between beaches facing North or West. Our results indicate that MP contamination is widespread, and most likely transported from multiple sources. Our results can serve as a baseline for future MP monitoring in the area.
Preliminary assessment of plastic litter and microplastic contamination in freshwater depositional areas: the case study of Puerto Misahualli, Ecuadorian Amazonia
2021 - LUCAS-SOLIS, OSCAR; MOULATLET, GABRIEL M.; GUAMANGALLO, JENIFFER; YACELGA, NAOMI; VILLEGAS, LIPSI; GALARZA, EMILY; ROSERO, BRYAN; ZURITA, BRYAN; SABANDO, LIZETH; CABRERA, MARCELA; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; CAPPARELLI, MARIANA V.
We quantify plastic litter (PL, > 2 cm) and microplastics (MP, < 5 mm) from the sediments of a beach formed at a riverine depositional area, at the upper Amazon River basin, Ecuador. In the collection area (4400 m2), the PL density was 0.045 items m−2, where low-density polyethylene bags were the prevalent PL. The beach was classified as “very clean” (Clean Coast Index (CCI) of 1.3 items m−2). Regarding MP, in 55 sampling stations, average MP concentrations ranged from 0 to 2200 items kg−1 of dry sediment (0.5–2 mm), and 0–4200 items kg−1 of dry sediment (2–5 mm). Blue fibers were the prevalent MP. Our results represent the first report to show the ubiquitous presence of PL and MP for the area. The monitoring and management of plastic disposal in freshwater beaches are necessary, as here we report a small part of an undocumented issue.