NATHALIA ALMEIDA COSTA

NATHALIA ALMEIDA COSTA

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Phantom development and implementation for Gamma Knife® dosimetry
2020 - COSTA, NATHALIA A.; PATALLO, ILEANA S.; DIMITRIADIS, ALEX; SARAIVA, CRYSTIAN W.C.; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a procedure that primarily treats intracranial lesions to destroy tumour cells that are inaccessible surgically. Gamma Knife® is a stereotactic radiosurgery unit that can treat brain lesions using 60Co beams, non-invasively. Fields from Gamma Knife® helmets are considered small, therefore, in order to ensure accurate dosimetry, detectors for dose measurements have to be carefully chosen. The IAEA TRS 483 code of practice is a standardized guide for dosimetric procedures and indication of detectors for reference dosimetry of small fields used in radiotherapy beams. The objective of this work was to assess the implementation of the TRS 483 recommendations for Gamma Knife® dosimetry, using two micro-ionization chambers, Exradin A16 and PTW Pinpoint 3D 31016. An acrylic phantom with the same dimensions as those provided by Elekta, Gamma Knife’s manufacturer, was built as an alternative. The phantom was characterized for its implementation for Gamma Knife® dosimetry and to be used as part of an audit kit by a Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Brazil. Alanine pellets were used as reference detector. Dosimetry results for the acrylic phantom were compared with the ones obtained in phantoms specified by Elekta, which are made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Solid Water materials. TRS 483 recommended correction factors were used to calculate the absorbed dose to the water taking into consideration the phantom material. Absorbed dose measurements performed using the designed acrylic phantom showed results comparable to the ones obtained with commercially available phantoms. The new phantom is suitable for Gamma Knife reference and relative dosimetry. The results of this work aim to contribute to the implementation of the TRS 483, mainly in the area of Gamma Knife dosimetry and the use of small volume ionization chambers.
Tandem KAP meters calibration parameters by Monte Carlo Simulation using reference RQR radiation qualities
2016 - POTIENS JUNIOR, ADEMAR; COSTA, NATHALIA; CORREA, EDUARDO; SANTOS, LUCAS; VIVOLO, VITOR; POTIENS, MARIA da P.
The Kerma-area product quantity can be obtained by measurements carried out with a kerma-area product meter (KAP) with a plane-parallel transmission ionization chamber mounted on the X ray system. It is the integral of the air kerma over the area of the X ray beam in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis. This quantity has been important to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) all over the word. In this work the MCNP5 code was used to calculate the imparted energy in the air cavity of KAP meter and the spatial distribution of the air collision kerma in entrance plan of the KAP meter. From these data, the air kerma-area product (KAP) and the calibration coefficient for the KAP meter were calculated and compared with those obtained experimentally. The X-ray tube was easily modelled as well the complete tandem calibration set up was possible. The spectra of the diagnostic radiology RQR reference qualities measured were used as a source definition in the input card for the Monte Carlo simulation. The clinical KAP meter calibration coefficients were obtained experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulation. The differences between those values were about 2%, except for RQR 10 (5.45%). The uncertainties in Monte Carlo simulation were less than 0.5% in all cases and the FOM (Figure of Merit) was constant for a number of histories of 1 million.
Phantom development and implementation for Gamma Knife® dosimetry
2018 - COSTA, NATHALIA A.; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A.; PATALLO, ILEANA S.; DIMITRIADIS, ALEX
Desenvolvimento e implementação de um objeto simulador para dosimetria de equipamentos Gamma Knife®
2018 - COSTA, NATHALIA A.
A radiocirurgia estereotáxica é um procedimento que trata principalmente lesões intracranianas para destruir células tumorais inacessíveis cirurgicamente. O Gamma Knife® é uma unidade de radiocirurgia estereotáxica que trata lesões exclusivamente cerebrais com feixes de 60Co de forma não-invasiva. De forma a garantir a acurácia na entrega da dose, esse tipo de equipamento necessita de detectores adequados para determinar a dose a ser entregue com exatidão. O protocolo da IAEA, TRS 483, é um guia padronizado para procedimentos dosimétricos e indicação de detectores relativos à dosimetria de referência de campos pequenos usados em feixes de radioterapia. Este trabalho seguiu as recomendações do TRS 483 na dosimetria do Gamma Knife® e foram realizadas medições utilizando duas câmaras de ionização, Exradin A16 e PTW Pinpoint 3D 31016, a alanina como detector de referência e os objetos simuladores indicados pela Elekta, fabricante do Gamma Knife®, sendo um de ABS e outro de Solid Water®. Um objeto simulador de acrílico foi construído, com as mesmas dimensões dos indicados pela Elekta, e implementado na dosimetria de equipamentos Gamma Knife®. A calibração das câmaras de ionização utilizadas foi realizada em um laboratório padrão primário e o coeficiente de calibração obtido foi utilizado no cálculo da dose absorvida na água dessas câmaras. Os estudos e testes dosimétricos realizados com o objeto simulador construído demonstraram resultados próximos aos simuladores existentes. Todos os fatores de correção indicados pelo TRS 483 foram considerados para o cálculo da dose absorvida. Foi constatado que o novo objeto simulador pode ser utilizado na dosimetria de Gamma Knife® e também para calibração de câmaras de ionização de volume pequeno, garantindo uma configuração de dosimetria e calibração similares e proporcionando ao usuário uma calibração próxima à configuração da dosimetria clínica. O projeto e a execução do objeto simulador utilizado neste trabalho visa contribuir para o TRS 483, de forma que seja utilizado na aplicação da dosimetria de Gamma Knife® e na calibração de câmaras de ionização de volume pequeno.
Phantom positioning variation in the gamma knife® perfexion dosimetry
2016 - COSTA, N.A.; POTIENS, M.P.A.; SARAIVA, C.W.C.
The use of small volume ionization chamber has become required for the dosimetry of equipments that use small radiation fields such as the Gamma Knife® Perfexion (GKP) unit. In this work, a pinpoint ionization chamber was inserted into the dosimetry phantom and measurements were performed with the phantom in different positions, in order to verify if the change in the phantom positioning affects the dosimetry of the GKP. Four different phantom positions were performed. The variation in the result is within the range allowed for the dosimetry of a GKP equipment.
Development of a calibration methodology and tests of kerma area product meters
2014 - COSTA, N.; POTIENS, M.
Comparison of a KAP meter and a PDC behaviour using mathematical simulation in reference diagnostic radiology qualities
2014 - POTIENS JUNIOR, A.J.; COSTA, N.A.; SANTOS, L.R.; CORREA, E.L.; VIVOLO, V.; POTIENS, M.P.A.
Phantom positioning variation in the gamma knife perfexion dosimetry
2015 - COSTA, NATHALIA A.; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A.; SARAIVA, CRYSTIAN
Preliminary tests of a kerma-area product (KAP) meter to be used as a monitor chamber in a conventional diagnostic X ray system
2015 - CORREA, EDUARDO; MEDEIROS, REGINA; POTIENS, MARIA da P.; VIVOLO, VITOR; COSTA, NATHALIA; MURATA, CAMILA; KIKUTI, CRISTINA
Calibration methodology application of kerma area products meters in situ: Preliminary results
2014 - COSTA, N.A.; POTIENS, M.P.A.