FERNANDO JOSÉ COSTA BARATÉLA
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Artigo IPEN-doc 23149 Fabrication of electrospun HPGL scaffolds via glycidyl methacrylate cross-linker: Morphology, mechanical and biological properties2017 - BARATELA, FERNANDO J.C.; HIGA, OLGA Z.; PASSOS, ESDRAS D. dos; QUEIROZ, ALVARO A.A. deElectrospinning is a suitable method to produce scaffolds composed of nanoscale to microscale fibers, which are comparable to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPGL) is a highly biocompatible polyether polyol potentially useful for the design of fibrous scaffolds mimicking the ECM architecture. However, scaffolds developed from HPGL have poor mechanical properties and morphological stability in the aqueous environments required for tissue engineering applications. This work reports the production of stable electrospun HPGL scaffolds (EHPGLS) using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as cross-linker to enhance the water stability and mechanical property of electrospun HPGL The diameter and morphology of the produced EHPGLS were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that electrical fields in the range of 0.2 kV.cm(-1) to 1.0 kV.cm(-1) decrease the average fiber diameter of EHPGLS. The increase in porosity of EHPGLS with GMA concentration indicates the in situ formation of a heterogeneous structure resultant from the phase separation during crosslinking of HPGL by GMA. EHPGLS containing 20% (w/w) GMA concentration possessed highest tensile strength (295.4 +/- 1132 kPa), which is approximately 58 times higher than that of non-crosslinked EHPGLS (5.1 +/- 2.12 kPa). The MTS cell viability results showed that the EHPGLS have no significant cytotoxicity effect on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the cultured BALB/3T3 fibroblasts cells were able to keep contact each other's, thus forming a homogeneous monolayer on the internal surface of the EHPGLS.Resumo IPEN-doc 23765 Mechanical and biological properties of bio-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration2016 - HIGA, O.Z.; CARNEIRO, T.M.; QUEIROZ, A.A. de; BARATELA, F.J.; SILVA, F.M. daGreen polymers derived from vegetable oils are promising materials for production of scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their low cost, availability and biodegradability. Unsaturated vegetable oils could be precisely engineered at a molecular level into renewable polymeric scaffolds in a way similar to some polymers derived from petroleum-based monomers. The reactivity of the unsaturated bonds of the triglycerides is what allows vegetable oil to be used in oil based polymers. Herein we report the first preparation of scaffolds for tissue engineering based on semi-interpenetrating networks from soybean oil. Materials and Methods: Initially, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was synthesized by the Prileshjew’s reaction. A solution of soybean oil (284 mM) and glacial formic acid (304 mM) was heated at a 50°C. Sulfuric acid (5 mM) was added into the solution. Then, H2O2 solution (1,032 mM) was added slowly from a dropping funnel and reacted at 50 °C for 7 h. The molar ratio of soybean oil: formic acid: hydrogen peroxide was 1:3:9. The crude product was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until a pH of 7.0 was obtained. The oil phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and then filtered. Finally, the residual water was removed using a rotary evaporator at 50°C under vacuum. The epoxidation degree (ED) of ESO was calculated from the 1H-NMR. An ED of 75 % was obtained. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was prepared after reaction between ESO and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). About 60 mM of ESO were placed in a 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser. Hydroquinone was used as a free radical inhibitor. The molar ratio of ESO: HEMA was 10:1. The reaction temperature under nitrogen atmosphere and time was 120 °C and 7 h, respectively. The reactional mixture was cooled to room temperature (25 oC) and diluted with hexane before purifying by thoroughly washing with distilled water. The final step was dehydration with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated using an evaporator. The number of HEMA groups/molecule of the resulting product was determined from the 1H-NMR spectrum. A mixture of AESO and 1 wt% of benzoyl peroxide was heated at 70°C for 20 min in a closed container before casting into a glass mold. Then, the mixture was cured at 90°C for 20 min in a thermal oven and at 90°C for 30 min in a vacuum oven sequentially. After washed thoroughly with distilled water the obtained membranes were lyophylized. Results and Discussion: Membrane surface and cross-section morphologies of the bio-based scaffolds were visualized by using SEM. As shown in this series of images, all the membranes have asymmetric structure consisting of a thin fine porous selective layer and much thicker porous sub-structure. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the bio-based scaffolds were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Tg of PHEMA was 94°C while the Tg of the scaffold were in the range of –9 to 50°C. This may be due to the flexible and relatively short chains of the triglyceride in the produced bio-based scaffold contributed to the lower Tg. The Tg also depended on the number of HEMA groups. It was observed that more HEMA groups caused more crosslinking and produced a higher Tg. The biocompatibility evaluation of the biobased scaffolds provides encouraging indications for long-term safety. In fact, in the cytotoxicity study, the material extracts did not induce toxic effects on the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, showing high cell viability of the synthesized bio-based scaffolds. The values of Young modulus (250 kPa) along with the calculated molecular weight between crosslinks for swollen bio-based scaffolds were determined. As expected, the E value increased with increasing HEMA concentration in AESO due to the increased crosslinking density. However, the E values obtained for the bio-based scaffolds were comparable to human skin. Conclusions: The results obtained in this work indicate that the bio-based scaffolds could be a good candidate for the biomedical applications, such as wound dressing and scaffolds for tissue engineering. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG and FINEP.Artigo IPEN-doc 22404 Redes epoxi/amina alifáticas com perspectivas para aplicações cardiovasculares. Propriedade biológicas in vitro2016 - GARCIA, FILIBERTO G.; VICENTE, THIAGO A.; QUEIROZ, ALVARO A.A. de; HIGA, OLGA Z.; BARATELA, FERNANDO J.C.Dissertação IPEN-doc 21745 Estudo das propriedades biocompatíveis de arcabouços poliméricos derivados de óleos vegetais para aplicação na engenharia de tecidos2015 - BARATELA, FERNANDO J.C.A engenharia de tecidos e a medicina regenerativa possuem como objetivo principal o restabelecimento morfológico/funcional de tecidos e órgãos lesionados com a utilização de células, matrizes celulares e células tronco, controlando as respostas imunológicas/bioquímicas promovidas pelo organismo. Adicionalmente, a ciência dos materiais busca desenvolver biomateriais biocompatíveis que não promovam reações imunológicas indesejadas e proporcionem o reestabelecimento das funções do tecido/órgão. Polímeros de origem natural destacam-se como biomateriais por assemelharem-se a macromoléculas biológicas, similaridade com a matriz extracelular, menor possibilidade de estimulação de inflamação crônica e baixa ou ausência de toxicidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver matrizes macromoleculares originadas do óleo de soja epoxidado (OSE), analisando a relação estrutura química/atividade biológica das matrizes macromoleculares para uso como biomaterial na engenharia de tecidos. A síntese do OSE foi efetuada pela rota oleoquímica, cuja eficiência foi determinada por espectroscopia de infravermelho e o rendimento da reação de 85% determinado por ressonância magnética nuclear de prótons. A partir da análise por calorimetria exploratória diferencial, detectou-se uma diminuição da temperatura de transição vítrea do polímero do óleo de soja (POSE) em relação ao OSE, sugerindo aumento do crescimento das cadeias poliméricas do POSE. Através da análise termogravimétrica, foi possível definir o perfil de degradação do OSE, com degradação em duas etapas, e do POSE, que degrada em apenas uma etapa e demonstra maior estabilidade térmica do POSE pelo aumento das interações moleculares. A reticulação e a hidrofilicidade do POSE foram promovidas com a adição de metacrilato de 2-hidroxietila (HEMA) à formulação por enxertia do monômero pela irradiação gama. Os resultados obtidos identificaram aumento da estabilidade mecânica, da gelificação e da absorção de água com o aumento do conteúdo de HEMA. Por fim, o grau de cristalinidade estimado para esses polímeros enxertados com HEMA de 27,5% foi definido através da difratometria de raios-X. A segunda etapa caracterizou-se pelo (i) desenvolvimento de POSEs com a enxertia de HEMA nas proporções OSE/HEMA 90:10 e 65:35 com irradiação por raios gama nas doses de 50 e 100kGy, (ii) caracterização físico-química dos POSE-HEMA e (iii) análise biológica desses materiais. Através da espectroscopia de infravermelho, pode-se detectar as regiões epoxidadas do POSE, assim como o sucesso da enxertia do monômero HEMA em todas as concentrações e doses de radiação utilizadas. Através da calorimetria exploratória diferencial, calculou-se a energia de ativação (Ea) dos polímeros. A cristalinidade dos materiais foi definida por difratometria de raios-X, mostrando caráter amorfo do material, bem como um pequeno incremento na porcentagem da cristalinidade com o aumento da intensidade das doses de radiação durante a síntese e um decréscimo dessa cristalinidade com o aumento na concentração de HEMA. A análise da citotoxicidade das amostras mostrou a ausência de toxicidade dos POSE-HEMA, confirmando a eficiência das lavagens dos polímeros para retirada de resíduos do processamento. A análise da hemocompatibilidade mostrou ausência de adesão de plaquetas e os testes de crescimento celular nas matrizes foram positivos. Através dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, pôde-se concluir pelo potencial de utilização dos POSE-HEMA na engenharia de tecidos.Artigo IPEN-doc 22123 Effects of highly porous electrospun hyperbranched polyglycerol scaffolds on the adhesion and spreading fibroblasts in vitro2014 - BARATELA, FERNANDO J.C.; HIGA, OLGA Z.; PASSOS, ESDRAS D. dos; QUEIROZ, ALVARO A.A. de