SERGIO IBARRA-ESPINOSA
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Artigo IPEN-doc 29051 Changes in a bottom-up vehicular emissions inventory and its impact on air pollution during COVID-19 Lockdown in São Paulo, Brazil2022 - IBARRA-ESPINOSA, SERGIO; REHBEIN, AMANDA; FREITAS, EDMILSON D. de; MARTINS, LEILA; ANDRADE, MARIA de F.; LANDULFO, EDUARDODue to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many cities implemented strict lockdown to stop the spread of this new disease. Consequently, it was reported lower levels of air pollution due to less human activity outdoors. The changes were registered using surface monitoring stations or satellite observations. However, modeling those environmental changes has remained a challenge because of our limitations in the emissions estimation and also, for the numerical modeling itself. In this study, the vehicular emissions were estimated for March 2020 in the megacity of São Paulo using the Vehicular Emissions INventory model (VEIN). The emissions estimation showed an increment of VOC/NO2 downtown, due to the decrease in circulation of urban transportation and light vehicles. Then, a set of Weather Research and Forecasting models with chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations were performed with different chemical mechanisms and initial conditions. The modeled diurnal cycles represent the variations observed in March 2020 for the periods pre-lockdown, transition, and lockdown. However, it is imperative to include other sources than vehicular to have a local and comprehensive emissions inventory.Artigo IPEN-doc 28655 Effects of evaporative emissions control measurements on ozone concentrations in Brazil2022 - IBARRA-ESPINOSA, SERGIO; FREITAS, EDMILSON D. de; ANDRADE, MARIA de F.; LANDULFO, EDUARDOIn this work, the possible benefits obtained due to the implementation of evaporative emissions control measures, originating from vehicle fueling processes, on ozone concentrations are verified. The measures studied are: (1) control at the moment when the tank trucks supply the fuel to the gas stations (Stage 1); (2) control at the moment when the vehicles are refueled at the gas stations, through a device installed in the pumps (Stage 2); (3) same as the previous control, but through a device installed in the vehicles (ORVR). The effects of these procedures were analyzed using numerical modeling with the VEIN and WRF/Chem models for a base case in 2018 and different emission scenarios, both in 2018 and 2031. The results obtained for 2018 show that the implementation of Stages 1 and 2 would reduce HCNM emissions by 47.96%, with a consequent reduction of 19.9% in the average concentrations of tropospheric ozone. For 2031, the greatest reductions in ozone concentrations were obtained with the scenario without ORVR, and with Stage 1 and Stage 2 (64.65% reduction in HCNM emissions and 31.93% in ozone), followed by the scenario with ORVR and with Stage 1 and Stage 2 (64.39% reduction in HCNM emissions and 32.98% in ozone concentrations).