ANDRE RICARDO MACHI

ANDRE RICARDO MACHI

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Sterilizing of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) irradiated in pupa stage
2021 - ARTHUR, P.B.; VILLAVICENCIO, A.L.C.H.; HARDER, M.N.C.; MACHI, A.R.; LEANDRO, R.S.R.; ARTHUR, V.
The use of irradiation process in stored grain may be the solution for the losses caused in these products by insects, as it does not induce resistance in the insects and leaves no toxic residue, and is considered an efficient and safe method of control of insects. The aim of the experiment was to determine the sterilizing dose of ionizing radiation from cobalt-60 to Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in peanuts irradiated in pupa stage. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture - CENA / USP., Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Peanuts samples infested with pupae of A. diaperinus were utilized in the experiment that consisted of 8 treatments with 5 repetitions. Each repetition consisted of 20 pupae a total of 100 individuals per treatment. Were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 Gy, in a source of cobalt-60, Gammacell-220 type, with a rate dose of 381Gy / h. The experiment was conducted in a controlled temperature of 25 ± 5 ° C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. After of irradiation process was evaluated of the number of emerged adult insects in each repetition in the treatments. The results showed that the sterilizing dose in F1 generation was 125 Gy and the pupa lethal dose 150 Gy. The dose of 150 Gy of gamma radiation can be used as phytosanitary treatment to control of immature stages of A. diaperinus infested peanuts.
Disinfestation of mangoes haden infested by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae) with gamma radiation
2021 - ARTHUR, P.B.; MACHI, A.R.; LEANDRO, R.S.R.; HARDER, L.N.C.; HARDER, M.N.C.; ARTHUR, V.
The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was an infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae 5 and 8 days to infestation, after the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity. Waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and adult stage. By the results obtained we can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5 and 8 days were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments.
Ionizing radiation and the influence of package to control of Sitophilus oryzae in rice
2017 - MACHI, ANDRE R.; HARDER, MARCIA N.C.; ARTHUR, PAULA B.; FRANCO, SUELY S.H.; ARTHUR, VALTER
Objective: This study aimed to use the gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 to control of Sitophilus oryzae in package with previously infested rice and artificial reinfestation. Material and Methods: In the research, 3 types of sample were used: 2 commercial rice packages and 1 in crystal sugar packages. The samples were irradiated with a dose of 1.0kGy to promote disinfestations under a dose rate of 0.560 Gy/h. After 60 days were counted the number of live and dead insects in each package. Results: We concluded that the package containing holes for gases exchange from inside to outside of the package showed easily penetration of insects, while the two packages without holes prevented the reinfestation of insects. Conclusion: The dose of 1.0 kGy was sufficient to do the disinfestations of rice.
Disinfestation of mangoes haden infested by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae), with gamma radiation
2019 - ARTHUR, PAULA B.; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, R.S.R.; ARTHUR, VALTER
The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was a infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae and before 5 – 8 days to infestation, the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity, posteriorly waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and posteriorly in adult stage. By the results obtained our can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5-8 days after infestation were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments.
Propagation of mango seedlings of the cultivar “Tommy” by grafts irradiated
2019 - FRANCO, SUELY S.H.; FRANCO, JOSE G.; FERRARI, LUIZ; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; ARTHUR, PAULA B.; ARTHUR, VALTER
Due to difficulties of vegetative propagating of any pants, many tests were performed with ionizing radiation aiming the modification of the characteristics of the plants for obtaining of the improved genotypes and of smaller size. Rootstock “Espada” cultivar, were used to obtain mango seedlings of “Tommy” cultivar. The cuttings were irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation: 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 Gy, in a source of Cobalt-60 type Gammacell-220, installed in the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, CENA-USP. After irradiation, was performed the grafting type cleft graft. Was made the first evaluation of height of the plants from the budding grafting after 24 months. Data were subjected by statistic program (SAS) and the means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). From the results obtained can be concluded that the doses of 2.5 Gy stimulated growth of the plants and the lethal dose was 10.0 Gy because don’t have development of plants.
Sterilizing of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) irradiated in pupa stage
2019 - ARTHUR, PAULA B.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H.; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; ARTHUR, VALTER
Worldwide the loss of stored grain is a problem of economic order of importance, in view of the concern of the increased supply of food for a world population increasingly expanding. Associated with this fact, there is the problem of nutritional deficiency due to lack of protein, especially for the less privileged populations in the resources of a country. This lack could be met by adequate supply of grain produced, requiring for it, a system that provides optimum grain storage conditions in securing the quality until the time of consumption. The use of radiation in stored grain can solve the problem of the losses in these products, as it does not induce resistance of insects and leaves no toxic residue to the consumer, and is considered an effective and safe method. The aim of the experiment was to determine the sterilizing dose of ionizing radiation from cobalt-60 to Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in peanuts irradiated in pupa stage. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture - CENA / USP., Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Peanuts samples infested with pupae of A. diaperinus were utilized in the experiment that consisted of 8 treatments with 5 repetitions. Each repetition consisted of 20 pupae a total of 100 individuals per treatment. Were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 Gy, in a source of cobalt-60, Gammacell-220 type, with a rate dose of 381Gy / h. The experiment was conducted in a room with temperatures of 25 ± 5 ° C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. After of irradiation process was evaluated of the number of emerged adult insects in each repetition in the treatments. The results show that the sterilizing dose in F1 generation was 125 Gy and the pupa lethal dose 150 Gy. The dose of 150 Gy of gamma radiation can be used as phytosanitary treatment to control of immature stages of A. diaperinus infested peanuts.
Efeitos da radiação ionizante nas fases do ciclo evolutivo de Aedes aegypti L. visando o seu controle através da técnica do inseto estéril
2019 - MACHI, ANDRE R.
Aedes aegypti L. é um dos principais insetos causadores de doenças no mundo, sendo assim, é importante trabalhos envolvendo o seu manejo. O objetivo do projeto foi avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama do Cobalto-60 nas fases do ciclo evolutivo de A. aegypti, visando a aplicação da TIE. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Ambiente do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP) em Piracicaba- SP. A criação do A. aegypti foi mantida nas instalações do laboratório, sob condições de 25±2°C, UR 50-70% e fotofase de 12 horas. A irradiação de todas as fases do ciclo foi realizada em uma fonte de Cobalto-60 tipo Gammacell-220, instalada no CENA/USP, nas seguintes doses: 0 (controle) até 70 Gy sob uma taxa de dose de 0,356 kGy/hora. Quando ovos foram irradiados, avaliou-se viabilidade contando o número médio de larvas L4, pupas e adultos fêmeas e machos emergidos. Foi também avaliado a porcentagem de eclosão em larvas L1 da geração F1. Para larvas irradiadas, avaliaram-se a o número médio de larvas L4, pupas, adultos fêmeas e machos emergidos, porcentagem de eclosão em larvas L1 e larvas L4 F1. Das pupas irradiadas, avaliaram-se a média de eclosão de larvas F1, de larvas L4 F1, porcentagem de pupas F1 e média de adultos machos e fêmeas F1. Em adultos irradiados, avaliaram-se a média de eclosão de larvas F1, larvas L4 F1, pupas F1 e adultos machos e fêmeas F1. Avaliaram-se parâmetros de competitividade e longevidade de machos F1. Os resultados mostraram que as doses esterilizantes para as fases irradiadas: ovo, larva e pupa foram de 15 Gy, 20 Gy e 60 Gy, respectivamente. Já para adultos da geração F,1 as doses de 45 Gy e 50 Gy para macho e fêmea. Para a fase adulta, doses de 40 Gy e 45 Gy foram esterilizantes para machos e fêmeas. No teste de competitividade, a proporção de 10 machos estéreis: 1 macho não irradiado: 1 fêmea não irradiada causou 92,2% de ovos inviáveis, na dose de 50 Gy. A longevidade dos machos foi reduzida em pupas e adultos irradiados com a dose de 40 Gy.
Gamma radiation sterilization dose of adult males in Asian tiger mosquito pupae
2019 - MACHI, ANDRE R.; MAYNE, RAQUEL R.; GAVA, MARCIO A.; ARTHUR, PAULA B.; ARTHUR, VALTER
The pathogen-carrying tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has spread from theWestern Pacific and Southeast Asia to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, North and South America, and the Caribbean. This species of mosquito transmits arboviral infections, such as yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, zika, and several encephalitides. The objective of this research was to provide a radiation dose inducing sterilization in adult male Ae. albopictus in the pupal stage. A cobalt-60 source of gamma radiation at a dose rate of 381 Gy/h was used. The pupae were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Gy. Each treatment had a total of five replications using 60 pupae. After irradiation, the different phases of Ae. albopictus development (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) in the F1 generation were observed daily. Parameters such as viability, fertility, longevity, and mortality were recorded. The results from these studies showed that a dose of 60 Gy was necessary to sterilize 100% of the male Ae. albopictus pupae.
Efficacy of irradiated glyphosate against Brachiaria plantaginea L.
2018 - MACHI, ANDRE R.; FERRARI, LUIZ S.; ARTHUR, VALTER
Glyphosate irradiated with cobalt-60 type Gammacell 220 at different rates was sprayed on seedlings of Brachiaria plantaginea L., a common weed, grown in pots (one seedling with 3-4 leaves in each pot), at different concentrations equivalent to 1 L h-1 or 3 L h-1. Each sample containing 40 ml of the product (glyphosate) taken to a source of Cobalt-60 type Gammacell 220, under a dose rate of 0.312 kGy/hour in doses of: T0, control (water instead of glyphosate); T1, glyphosate at 1.0 L h-1; T2, glyphosate at 3.0 L h-1; T3, glyphosate irradiated at 250 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; T4, glyphosate irradiated at 500 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; T5, glyphosate irradiated at 750 Gy at 1.0 L h-1; and T6, glyphosate irradiated at 1000 Gy at 1.0 L h-1. The effects were assessed in terms of the extent of injury, where scale of 0% (no visible injury) to 100% (plant dead), number of tillers, weed survival and dry biomass produced by the plants. The most effective treatment was glyphosate irradiated at 250 Gy h-1 and applied at 1.0 L h-1. It is important to know that gamma radiation in glyphosate herbicide can be used without antagonistic interactions without cause resistance.
Control of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) by gamma radiation
2018 - ARTHUR, PAULA B.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.; MACHI, ANDRÉ R.; ROSSI, RODRIGO S.; ARTHUR, VALTER
The aim of the experiment was to determine the sterilizing dose from ionizing radiation by cobalt-60 to Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in peanuts. The study was conducted in the laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture - CENA / USP at Piracicaba, SP - Brazil. Peanuts samples infested with adults of A. diaperinus with 8 treatments and 5 repetitions were used. Each repetition consisted of 20 adults, a total of 100 individuals per treatment. The samples were irradiated in doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 Gy, in a source of cobalt-60, Gammacell-220 type, with a rate dose of 381Gy / h. The experiment was conducted in a room with a relative of 25 ± 5 ° C temperatures and humidity of 70 ± 5%. After 50 days of irradiation process was evaluated of the number of emerged insects in each treatment. The results show that the sterilizing doses in F1 and F2 generations respectively were: 150 Gy and 125 Gy. The dose of 150 Gy of gamma radiation can be used in both generations as phytosanitary treatment to control of A. diaperinus infested peanuts.

ANDRE RICARDO MACHI

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