Simulation of radiation attenuation in polymer matrix composite with epoxy resin, reinforced with carbon fiber and dispersion of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles

Abstract

The aim of this study was to simulate gamma radiation attenuation using a polymer matrix composite of an epoxy (DGEBA) resin that was reinforced with carbon fiber cloth fabric and then dispersed with bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles. The quantitative methodology was used for this simulation with the software Topas MC (version 3.7). The mass ratios of the bismuth (III) oxide nanoparticles in the composite were approximately 0.163, 0.244, 0.325 and 0.407. The photon energy in the simulation was 100 keV, typical X-ray energy in Medical Imaging (Diagnostic Radiography). The mass ratio of 0.407 and the polymer matrix composite at a thickness of 2.29 mm provided 89.03% attenuation of the photon energy. However, for the lead plate, a thickness of 0.34 mm was necessary for similar attenuation. Nonetheless, the fabrication process of a composite plate is easier than that of a lead plate. In conclusion, a composite of an epoxy polymer matrix, with bismuth (III) oxide dispersion, reinforced with carbon fiber, is an excellent option as compared to a lead plate. The composite plate can attenuate photon energy and does not present an acute or chronic danger to the environment or to health. Also, it is non-carcinogenic, and does not cause reproductive toxicity, both clear advantages over lead. Finally, it should be noted that other applications of the composite would be production of an X-ray shield and aerospace industries, among others.