Long-term safety and governance of nuclear energy in climate emergency cities
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2023
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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER, 2nd
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The advance of urbanisation and climate change are the greatest challenges facing humanity in the coming decades.
Today 55% of the human population lives in cities and it is estimated that 6.4 billion people will live in an urban
environment by 2050. The inevitable consequences of global climate change can result in hard-to-measure losses and
damages that include loss of life and livelihoods, degradation of physical structures, territories and agricultural land, and
impairment of cultural heritage, social and cultural identity, cultural heritage, and biodiversity. Adaptation efforts are not
sufficient to adequately reduce the risks associated with current and future climate impacts, and even with effective
adaptation, losses and damages will not be averted. In regions that are most vulnerable to climate change, the ecological,
socio-economic and physical systems are losing resilience, with human vulnerability increasing in susceptible regions such
as densely populated coastal regions, with real risk of forced displacement and direct or indirect impacts on hundreds of
millions of people and key infrastructure. Given the relevance of nuclear energy in achieving climate change goals as
low-carbon energy and its potential to contribute in net zero transitions, the study investigates the association between the
impacts of climate change and the risks posed by nuclear installations in coastal locations. The first commercial nuclear
power plants began operating in the 1950s, and today nuclear power accounts for about 10 percent of all electricity
worldwide, making it the world's second largest source of low-carbon energy (26 percent of the total by 2020), with more
than 50 countries using nuclear power and about 420 nuclear power reactors in operation around the world, in 182 different
locations, of which a good part are coastal. We identified 82 locations that correspond to the conditions. The 5 countries with
the greatest number of vulnerable locations are China (18), Japan (16), United States (9), Republic of Korea (6), and the
United Kingdom (5). These locations also include four megacities, with populations of over ten million people: Shenzhen e
Dalian (China), Karachi (Pakistan) e Surat (India). Since the coastal locations with nuclear power reactors that are vulnerable
to sea level rise concentrate millions of inhabitants, it is critical that climate resilient energy systems are designed that
consider the anticipated impact of climate change, both for slow onset events and climate extremes, with a focus on the
safety of people and the environment surrounding these nuclear facilities.
Como referenciar
CARVALHO, AMANDA R. de; RODRIGUES, ELAINE A.; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. de; CARVALHO, BEATRIZ R. de; BUSTILLOS, JOSE O.W.V. Long-term safety and governance of nuclear energy in climate emergency cities. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER, 2nd, October 9-13, 2023, Vienna, Austria. Proceedings... Disponível em: https://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/47969. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.