Use of ionizing radiation for the inhibition and removal of cyanotoxins in the water

Abstract

Cyanobacteria blooms have been observed in the aquatic systems in different continents, frequently with the production of cyanotoxins that negatively alter water potability. This work provides a small review of the state of the art of the use of advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of cyanobacteria and their toxins. It is divided into 3 major sections: the first part focuses on cyanobacteria and the mechanisms of production related to the environmental conditions. The second part we exposed the guidance values of the evaluation in drinking water for the control of cyanotoxins worldwide, and Brazil regulations. In the third and last part, we present some studies about the use of the advanced oxidation processes for the inhibition and degradation of cyanotoxins, focuses on ionizing radiation: gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. In conclusion, the ionizing radiation is an efficient and economically viable alternative on the remediation of areas contaminated by cyanobacteria blooms and their toxins, mainly in the reservoirs destined to the water treatment and supply. As well, some suggestions are provided for additional studies about the use of this technology for the treatment of drinking water.