CAIO SILVESTRE DE CARVALHO CORREIA

CAIO SILVESTRE DE CARVALHO CORREIA

Página do item completo

Resultados de Busca

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Greenhouse gases
2017 - BORGES, V.F.; GATTI, L.V.; DOMINGUES, L.G.; CORREIA, C.S.C.; BASSO, L.S.; SANTOS, R.S.; COSTA, W.R.; CRISPIM, S.P.; MARANI, L.; PENHA, T.L.B.; PAULA, A.L.S.; GLOOR, E.U.; MILLER, J.B.; KOFLER, J.
In Tropical areas, and specifically in the Atlantic Ocean, there are not enough measures on greenhouse gases (GHG), and Amazon Basin represent around 50% of the world's rainforest [1]. Understand the characteristic GHG concentrations in Tropical Global range on Atlantic Ocean is an important task for many studies to determine GHG balances. The motivation of this study was understanding better the typical background for Amazon Basin from the air masses that arrived on North and Northeast Brazilian coast, come from the Atlantic Ocean in the period 2006 to 2016. We started to collect air samples on the Brazilian coast: Arembepe/BA (ABP: 12º45’46.79”S; 38º10’08.39”W – from 2006 to 2010, 15 meters above sea-level), Salinopolis/PA (SAL: 00º36’15.03”S; 47º22’25.02”W – from 2010 to 2017, 10 m a.s.l.), Natal/RN (NAT: 05º29’22.05”S; 35º15’39.64”W 15 m a.s.l – since 2010 to December 2015, then the site moved to 05º47’42.77”S; 35º11’07.10”W, 87 m a.s.l.), Camocim/CE (CAM: 02º51’47.00”S; 40º51’36.70”W – since 2014, 21.5 m a.s.l.), and in December 2016 it was started a special place at Itarema/CE (ITA: 02º55’57.11”S; 39º50’38.49”W, 96.5 m a.s.l.), where the inlet was installed in the top of a 100 m tower in the beach. In each site, the air samples, with variable height were collected weekly by using a pair of glass flasks (2.5L) and a portable sampler. The air samples were analysed on the Greenhouse Gas Laboratory (LaGEE) at IPEN (until April 2015) and later at INPE/CCST. It was quantified the respective gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and carbon monoxide (CO). Results showed that each site presents seasonality when compared to Ascension Island (ASC: 07º96'67.00"S; 14º0'00.00"W, South Atlantic Ocean) and Ragged Point Barbados (RPB: 13º16'50.00"N, 59º43'20.00"W, North Atlantic Ocean) global stations. Simulations of backward trajectories by HYSPLIT model (using 240 hours) [2], allowed observing how each study site is influenced by global circulation and process like Intertropical Convergence Zone [3]. Between Jan-May, the ITCZ is below SAL and CAM latitude, influencing the air masses that arrived at sites in this period. At SAL and CAM the air masses came from both North and South Atlantic Ocean, depending on time of the year, and at NAT and ABP the air masses came from only South Atlantic Ocean. The GHG concentrations showed seasonality and sometimes periods with high concentrations. Overall, all Brazilian coast sites, showed the same increase on the GHG concentrations than global mean.
Long term nitrous oxide measurements over amazon basin using small aircraft
2017 - CORREIA, C.S.C.; GATTI, L.V.; DOMINGUES, L.G.; SANTOS, R.S.; COSTA, W.R.; CRISPIM, S.P.; BORGES, V.F.; MARANI, L.; GLOOR, E.U.; MILLER, J.B.
The Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is the third most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth (WMO, 2016). Globally, the main sources are nitrification and denitrification promoted by microorganisms and it can be natural (~60%) or anthropogenic (~40%) (IPCC, 2007). Approximately two thirds of soil emissions are provided from tropical areas and ~20% of this are from rainforests ecosystems as the region we have studied (Van Haren et al., 2005; Melillo et al. 2001). In Brazil 87% of N2O anthropogenic emissions are from agricultural activities. In this study, natural air was sampled in glass flasks using small aircraft over four sites in the brazilian Amazon Basin in order to have a great quadrant to better understand the whole area: Alta Floresta (ALF; 8.80ºS, 56.75ºW), Rio Branco (RBA; 9.38ºS, 67.62ºW), Santarém (SAN; 2.86ºS, 54.95ºW) and Tabatinga (TAB; 5.96ºS, 70.06ºW), ALF, RBA and TAB sites started in 2010 and we still perform sampling in these sites, the last one changed to Tefé (TEF; 3.39°S, 65.6°W) in 2013 due to technical problems. The measurements in SAN started in 2000 and the quantification was done by NOAA until 2003, after this year the analysis started to being done by our laboratory. The mixing ratios in all the studied stations have presented an increase along the years, varying from ~316ppm in 2000 in to ~330ppm in the present days, i.e. a mean growth rate of ~0.82ppm yr-1, which is consistent with global data where the growth rate for the past 10 years is around 0.89 ppm yr-1(WMO, 2016).
Amazon basin and brazilian coast SF6 study in a 15 years time series
2017 - SANTOS, R.S.; GATTI, L.V.; DOMINGUES, L.G.; CORREIA, C.S.C.; AQUINO, A.R.; BASSO, L.S.; BORGES, V.F.; COSTA, W.R.; CRISPIM, S.P.; MARANI, L.; GLOOR, E.U.; MILLER, J.B.; PETERS, W.
The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is known as a potent Long Lived Greenhouse Gases and it is a synthetic gas with a millennia lifetime, about 3200 years, and has a Global Warm Potential 23000 time higher than the Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Levin et al. (2010)1 showed that SF6 emissions decreased after 1995, most likely because of emissions reductions in developed countries, but then increased after 1998. It is produced by the chemical industry, mainly as an electrical insulator in power distribution equipment2. Due its very long lifetime, SF6 emissions are accumulating in the atmosphere. Its global mole fraction increased nearly linearly in recent decades and in 2014 is about twice the level observed in the mid-1990s3. Its concentration was 4.2 parts per trillion (ppt) in 1998 (TAR) and has continued to increase linearly over the past decade, implying that emissions are approximately constant. Because of these characteristics, the SF6 has been as an essentially inert tracer to study atmospheric and oceanic transport processes3. The Amazon Basin is an ecosystem that has a growing interest by researchers around the world because of its role at the Climate Change. The emissions of SF6 in the Amazon Basin are considered non existents and, a time series of 15 years has the potential to show the behaviour of this gas in a large area. Until now, our mainly interest in SF6 concentrations is to use this gas as a transport tracer to calculate the BKG to Amazon and determinate the CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes over the Amazon Basin. SF6 atmospheric measurements were started with vertical profiles using small aircrafts, since 2000 in Santarém (SAN; 2.86ºS; 54.95ºW), 2009 in Rio Branco (RBA; 9.38ºS, 67.62ºW), 2010 in Alta Floresta (ALF; 8.80ºS, 56.75ºW)and Tabatinga (TAB; 5.96ºS, 70.06ºW), all these sites located in Brazilian Amazon Basin. Since 2010, we started flasks measurements at two sites located at the Brazilian Atlantic coast: in Salinópolis (SAL; 0.60°S, 47.37°W) and in Natal (NAT; 5.48°S, 35.26°W) and later in 2014 at Camocim (CAM; 2.86°S, 40.08°W) and in 2016 at Itarema in a 100m tower (ITA; 2.93°S, 39.84°W). This work will present analyse of 15 years SF6 measurements at the Amazon Basin and Brazilian coast show the trends, comparing the years and the behaviour among the sites regions which is expect to change mainly by the differences of the air masses origin.
Carbon monoxide measurements as a biomass burning tracer at the amazon basin
2017 - DOMINGUES, L.G.; GATTI, L.V.; GLOOR, M.; MILLER, J.; AQUINO, A.R.; MARANI, L.; CORREA, C.S.C.; BORGES, V.F.; SANTOS, R.S.; CRISPIM, S.P.; SANCHES, A.; COSTA, W.R. da
The tropical rainforests have an amount of carbon stored into its plants and soil comparable to half of the amount of atmospheric carbon contained at the atmosphere before the start of industrialization at the 18th century. Among the tropical regions, the Amazon forest covers the largest area and also hosts the largest carbon pool (~200 PgC), corresponding for 50% of its biome globally (1) . Considering the capability of rapid release and the amount of storage carbon, there are surprisingly few studies of emission ratios (2) and, in order to elucidate the actual contribution and the carbon emission from biomass burning in the Amazon Basin, measurements of carbon monoxide are an important tool. We will report results of a pan-Amazon low troposphere program used small airplanes, in 7 study sites from 2000 to 2016. The aircraft measurement program was started in 2000 with monthly/biweekly vertical profile sampling at SAN (2.86S 54.95W). From December 2004 to December 2007 we performed vertical profiles at MAN (Dec 2004 / Dec 2007). In 2010, a new step in our program was started. We added three more aircraft sites: TAB (5.96S 70.06W), RBA (9.38S 67.62W) and ALF (8.80S 56.75W). In 2013 TAB site was moved to TEF (3.39S 65.6W) and we add two more aircraft sites with vertical profiles from 300m to 7300 m, at Salinópolis (SAH 0.60S; 47,37W) near the Atlantic coast and RBH at the same place then RBA, in the western Amazon. The Amazon Basin biomass burning carbon emissions have been determined by applying a mass balance technique to carbon monoxide (CO) measured from vertical profiles in sites over the Amazon Basin, which is compared with carbon dioxide (CO2) emission when it is a clear biomass-burning plume in the vertical profile (3). We will present these CO results that is related to biomass burning and compare the carbon monoxide emissions with those from carbon dioxide, resulting in a ratio of carbon biomass burning emission which we will analyse with respect to climate, deforestation and number of fire hot spots.