IZABEL DA SILVA ANDRADE

IZABEL DA SILVA ANDRADE

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Spatial-temporal analysis of NO2 in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
2021 - ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; CORREA, THAIS; MACEDO, FERNANDA de M; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Nowadays, several methods of monitoring air pollutants exist, however few allow a large spatial and temporal coverage. Sentinel-5P is a satellite dedicated to atmospheric monitoring with a high spatial-temporal resolution, offering a large data of miscellaneous chemical species. Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), emitted by anthropogenic activities into the atmosphere - in large urban centers their main emitting source is vehicles - need particular attention, , in addition to being primary pollutants, they are precursors for formation of other chemical species due to photochemical reactions, mainly tropospheric ozone. These photochemical interactions of NOX stimulate to reduce its lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, these pollutants are used as air quality indexes. The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) has more than 30 cities, being an important economic center for the state of São Paulo. The MRSP has highways with high circulation of light and heavy vehicles, industries and also a high population density. Such factors make this region a favorable area for a satellite study. Thus, the present work uses Sentinel-5P NO2 L2 data in order to analyze the evolution of concentrations throughout 2019.
Methane determination in São Paulo coastal regions using the Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique
2021 - CORREA, THAIS; MACEDO, FERNANDA M.; ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; ANDRADE, IZABEL S.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; SILVA, JONATAN; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Methane is one of the main greenhouse gases due to its high radiation absorption capacity. The increase in methane emissions from anthropogenic sources causes concern in the entire scientific community due to the aggregated uncertainties, generating several works focused on the identification and quantification of generating sources. This work aims to quantify methane in two distinct regions, the first study region is in Cubatão city, located in the São Paulo coast. It is an important petrochemical complex with high industrial activities and environmental impact, presenting 25 large companies in the chemical sector, distributed in an area of 143 Km2. Another region observed is Intanhaém, on the coast of the state of São Paulo. This region doesn´t present industrial activity and has a low population index. The technique used to detect methane in the atmosphere was Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), which consists on analysis of atmospheric components, in a small cavity that has a laser and high reflectivity mirrors of 99.999%, allowing the signal travel for kilometers inside the cavity, in a short time, increasing the sensitivity of detection of compounds in the sample.
Preliminary study of greenhouse gases in the Santos Basin
2021 - ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; MACEDO, FERNANDA de M.; CORREA, THAIS; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
The production of oil and gas onshore and offshore are associated with significant emissions of greenhouse gases, as the entire production chain of oil exploration is a potential source of emission of these gases, especially CH4, which is in almost all stages of the process However, few data is available on emissions from oil exploration platforms in Brazil, despite the increase in oil production on the Brazilian coast since 2008 with the implementation of the Pre-Salt program, which aims to explore oil in the pre-salt layer. Between the explored areas is the Santos Basin which occupies about 350,000 km2 and is located in the southeast region of the Brazilian continental margin, approximately 290 km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro and encompasses the coastlines of the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo , Paraná and Santa Catarina, with boundaries to the north with the Campos Basin by the Alto de Cabo Frio and to the south by the Pelotas Basin by the Florianópolis Platform. Better understanding the ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Santos Basin region, specifically in the coastal area of São Paulo, a temporal analysis was performed using data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument, which provides data on active burning and from Sentinel-5P (Sentinel 5 Precursor satellite) which brings information from several chemical species, such as NO2 and CH4.
Methane detection in the lower troposphere related to the burning of biomass and leakage in a petrochemical pole, using Raman lidar technique
2021 - MACEDO, FERNANDA de M.; CORREA, THAIS; ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; GUARDANI, ROBERTO; VESELOVSKII, IGOR; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of pollutants to the atmosphere, which is difficult to monitor and control. These sources are present in different sites, especially in regions that are growing in size and economic activity. In this study, we present the results of the capability to detect methane profiles at low troposphere combining data retrieval correlations between a rotacional/vibracional Raman lidar (RVRL) and a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). The measurements were made at two different sites, metropolitan area of São Paulo (MSP) and industrial area of Cubatão (IC). The lidar is based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser with a 20 Hz repetition rate, operating on the 355 nm wavelength elastic channel, the 353 nm and 396 nm wavelength inelastic channels. A measurement protocol was established, considering acquisition time for signal accumulation, climatic conditions and data above and below the planetary boundary layer. The idea was to establish specific measurement procedures for situations related to product leakage in the oil process and natural events, such as biomass burning. With over 150 hours of data acquisition, the results pointed the possibility of analyzing data from distances up to 1500 m with an initial resolution of 7.5 m which was extended to 100 - 300 m after data smoothing for obtaining final results. The concentration was calculated from the ratio between the methane Raman backscatter signal and the nitrogen signal, at 396 nm and 353 nm, respectively. The temporal variation of methane concentrations was correlated with CRDS data, in order to obtain a first degree calibration.