IZABEL DA SILVA ANDRADE

IZABEL DA SILVA ANDRADE

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Inversion of methane TROPOMI data applied to Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
2024 - ANDRADE, IZABEL S.; MENDES, ALEX C.P.; VARON, DANIEL; ANDRADE, MARIA F.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Despite having numerous sources of methane emissions, the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), has a deficit in data related to emissions, especially in the identification of greenhouse gas sources in this region. Thus, the use of satellite data becomes a powerful tool to obtain estimates of methane emissions. The Sentinel 5-P satellite provides daily data on methane, so the application of an inverse method of these data makes it possible to estimate methane emissions from MRSP. We use Integrated Methane Inversion (IMI), this tool makes an inversion process that utilizes a highly sophisticated research-grade algorithm performing a straightforward inversion with a grid and default prior emission estimates. Inversions were performed, in the months of August, September, and October, due to the years of 2019, 2020, and 2021. This work presents the preliminary results of this study, which proved that IMI is a promising tool to obtain emission data of the MRSP.
Pollutant levels in São Paulo’s Metropolitan Region and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
2024 - MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
In this work, we demonstrate how the variation in vehicular traffic due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resumption of activities affected the concentrations of some pollutants (CO, NO2, PM2.5, andvPM10) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. For this purpose, we estimate the convective boundary layer (CBL) height from lidar measurements and radiosonde retrievals and calculate the ventilation coefficient, an essential parameter to evaluate the air pollutants’ dispersion level. In addition, it was observed the variation of some meteorological variables (air surface temperature, humidity, and rainfall rate) to identify the occurrence of conditions that can favor pollutant dispersion. Finally, based on the time series of the pollutants previously mentioned, we created an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to identify what will be the concentration of thesepollutants in normal conditions (no pandemic period). The results demonstrated that during the pandemic period, there was no significant change in the meteorological variables studied. However, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of pollutants whose main source is vehicular traffic (CO and NO2) and a significant increase with the resumption of activities, with the pre-pandemic level having already been reached within a few weeks. The findings here shown indicate that integrating remote sensing tools, surface data, and artificial intelligence techniques significantly enhances understanding of pollutant dynamics. Properly trained ANN algorithms offer the potential for applying this methodology in other regions.
Spatial-temporal analysis of NO2 in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
2021 - ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; CORREA, THAIS; MACEDO, FERNANDA de M; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Nowadays, several methods of monitoring air pollutants exist, however few allow a large spatial and temporal coverage. Sentinel-5P is a satellite dedicated to atmospheric monitoring with a high spatial-temporal resolution, offering a large data of miscellaneous chemical species. Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), emitted by anthropogenic activities into the atmosphere - in large urban centers their main emitting source is vehicles - need particular attention, , in addition to being primary pollutants, they are precursors for formation of other chemical species due to photochemical reactions, mainly tropospheric ozone. These photochemical interactions of NOX stimulate to reduce its lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, these pollutants are used as air quality indexes. The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) has more than 30 cities, being an important economic center for the state of São Paulo. The MRSP has highways with high circulation of light and heavy vehicles, industries and also a high population density. Such factors make this region a favorable area for a satellite study. Thus, the present work uses Sentinel-5P NO2 L2 data in order to analyze the evolution of concentrations throughout 2019.
Methane determination in São Paulo coastal regions using the Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique
2021 - CORREA, THAIS; MACEDO, FERNANDA M.; ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; ANDRADE, IZABEL S.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; SILVA, JONATAN; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Methane is one of the main greenhouse gases due to its high radiation absorption capacity. The increase in methane emissions from anthropogenic sources causes concern in the entire scientific community due to the aggregated uncertainties, generating several works focused on the identification and quantification of generating sources. This work aims to quantify methane in two distinct regions, the first study region is in Cubatão city, located in the São Paulo coast. It is an important petrochemical complex with high industrial activities and environmental impact, presenting 25 large companies in the chemical sector, distributed in an area of 143 Km2. Another region observed is Intanhaém, on the coast of the state of São Paulo. This region doesn´t present industrial activity and has a low population index. The technique used to detect methane in the atmosphere was Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), which consists on analysis of atmospheric components, in a small cavity that has a laser and high reflectivity mirrors of 99.999%, allowing the signal travel for kilometers inside the cavity, in a short time, increasing the sensitivity of detection of compounds in the sample.
Preliminary study of greenhouse gases in the Santos Basin
2021 - ARAUJO, ELAINE C.; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; MACEDO, FERNANDA de M.; CORREA, THAIS; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
The production of oil and gas onshore and offshore are associated with significant emissions of greenhouse gases, as the entire production chain of oil exploration is a potential source of emission of these gases, especially CH4, which is in almost all stages of the process However, few data is available on emissions from oil exploration platforms in Brazil, despite the increase in oil production on the Brazilian coast since 2008 with the implementation of the Pre-Salt program, which aims to explore oil in the pre-salt layer. Between the explored areas is the Santos Basin which occupies about 350,000 km2 and is located in the southeast region of the Brazilian continental margin, approximately 290 km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro and encompasses the coastlines of the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo , Paraná and Santa Catarina, with boundaries to the north with the Campos Basin by the Alto de Cabo Frio and to the south by the Pelotas Basin by the Florianópolis Platform. Better understanding the ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Santos Basin region, specifically in the coastal area of São Paulo, a temporal analysis was performed using data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument, which provides data on active burning and from Sentinel-5P (Sentinel 5 Precursor satellite) which brings information from several chemical species, such as NO2 and CH4.
Analysis of the dispersion of aerosol in Cubatão-SP using remote sensing techniques
2019 - ANDRADE, I. da S.; LANDULFO, E.; ARAUJO, E.C.; MENDONCA, F. de M.; SALANI, M.H.G. de A.; CORREA, T.; MARQUES, M.T.; COSTA, R.F. da; GUARDANI, R.
Aerosls are emitted by a several sources, these can be antropogenic – emitted by human activities - or natural.Their sudies are an important, because its impacts on the dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere are huge. The study area have one of the most important industrial complex in the state of Sao Paulo. In the past the city of Cubatão was known as “death valey”, due to the environmental problems caused by the high levels of pollutants that was emitted by the industries. Following this event, regulatory laws on atmospheric emissions were developed, both at the state and federal levels. Today, although Cubatão has lower levels of pollution and controlled industrial emissions, but it is possible to observe overcoming air quality standards. Based on the presented context, the present work aims to conduct a study of the dispersion of aerosols in the region of Cubatão-SP using several techniques, such as: remote sensing (elastic lidar and wind lidar), satellite data, air quality information and also simulations of air masses using a model.
Implementation of CH4 (methane) Raman lidar detection system from anthropic sources
2019 - LANDULFO, EDUARDO; MACEDO, FERNANDA M.; CORREA, THAIS; ARAUJO, ELAINE; ANDRADE, IZABEL; ARLEQUES, ANTONIO G.; MIRANDA, JULIANA T. de M.; SILVA, JONATAN da; GUARDANI, ROBERTO
Fugitive emissions, defined as unintended or irregular leaks of gases and vapors, are an important source of air pollution that is difficult to monitor and control. Within industrial facilities such as oil and gas processing plants, fugitive methane emissions can be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In Brazil, as in other countries, there are specific regions with high concentration of industrial activities, and showing high population density. These sites, including megacities like São Paulo, are growing in size and economic activity. At the same time, there is a remarkable growth in concerns about the environmental issues associated with these activities. In a constantly changing world, with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), among them methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mitigation of atmospheric emission these gases to contain global warming, is of key concern, gas data suggest that fugitive emissions accounted for more than 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions over the past 5 years. Optical remote sensing techniques as lidar can attend the need for real time and trustable information on fugitive emissions. These techniques are non-intrusive, of relative simple construction, thus demanding less maintenance, and are able to provide data from distant locations with a high spatial resolution, typically up to 20 km from the measuring local, and 3 to 4 m long segments. Besides, information on different pollutants can be obtained simultaneously by adequate optical arrangements and data treatment methods. The technique can supply adequate information at lower costs and less effort than other techniques. The Cavity Ringdown Laser Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique was adopted because it is widely used in the detection of gas samples that absorb light at specific wavelengths and also for their ability to detect mole fractions up to the parts per trillion level. The correlation of the data between the techniques of real-time detection becomes interesting, since practical operations, fast and with a high level of sensitivity and precision are made. The mixing ratio of CH4 can be observed within the planetary boundary layer. The measured methane profiles correlate with the acquisitions made with the CRDS, however, an additional contribution of control data in which the Raman lines detect with high sensitivity.