FABIO JULIANO DA SILVA LOPES

FABIO JULIANO DA SILVA LOPES

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LIDAR first campaign in the industrial sites of Volta Redonda-RJ and Lorena-SP, Brazil
2021 - CARVALHO, SILVANIA A.; LOPES, FABIO J.S.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; MENEGATTI, CARLOS R.; CATALANI, FERNANDO; TODERO, CARLOS J.; RIBEIRO, FABIO de J.; ALMEIDA, ROGERIO M. de; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
Air pollution is recognized as a risk factor for health. The emission of toxic gases and particulates, specially with diameter size smaller than 10 μm, into the atmosphere by industries is correlated with increasing respiratory problems, mortality and cancer in some urban areas. Additionally the aerosol particles play an important role in the Earth’s radiation budget and the understanding of their properties is important to address their effects on the climate and weather conditions. In this study we will present some results of aerosol vertical distribution retrieved using a mobile lidar system and the lidar system on board of the CALIPSO satellite platform. The synergetic use of these platforms helped to understand the impact of the aerosol suspended in the atmosphere in terms of its optical properties in two different sites between two main metropolitan areas of Brazil, which are São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In order to obtain a statistical characterization of the aerosol optical properties, level 2-version 4 data from CALIPSO were employed to retrieve the AOD and Lidar ratio values at 532 nm for Volta Redonda and Lorena sites. Lorena campaign was performed during a very dry period in the 2014 Southern hemisphere winter, where it detected the vertical distribution profile with several layers detached from the aerosol boundary layer (ABL) on 26th of June 2014. Volta Redonda-RJ campaign performed from the beginning of November until mid of December of 2018 provided detection of aerosol layers detached from ABL on 4th of December of 2018. We will present a brief description of the experimental apparatus, the data taking, the methodology and the main results which open up the possibility to investigate emission of toxic gases and particulates at this region which has high contribution to local atmospheric pollution due to the Presidente Dutra highway (BR 116), the Companhia Siderúgica Nacional (CSN) and other metallurgical and cement factories.
Assessing spatial variation of PBL height and aerosol layer aloft in São Paulo Megacity using simultaneously two lidar during winter 2019
2022 - MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; OLIVEIRA, AMAURI P. de; CODATO, GEORGIA; SANCHEZ, MACIEL P.; TITO, JANET V.; SILVA, LEONARDO A.H. e; SILVEIRA, LUCAS C. da; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
This work presents the use of two elastic lidar systems to assess the horizontal variation of the PBL height (PBLH) and aerosol layer aloft in the São Paulo Megacity. These two lidars performed simultaneous measurements 10.7 km apart in a highly urbanized and relatively flat area of São Paulo for two winter months of 2019. The results showed that the PBLH differences display diurnal variation that depends on the PBL during daytime growth phases. Cloud and sea breeze effects control most of PBLH variation. In the absence of cloud and sea breeze, the maximum difference (~300 m) occurs in the rapid development stage and is due to topographic effects. When the PBL approaches its maximum daily value, it tends to level off with respect to the topography. In addition, it was presented a method that combines elastic lidar (to detect an aerosol layer) and satellite data (to classify such a layer from Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Aerosol Index (AI) information) for the detection of biomass burning events. This methodology demonstrated that the variations caused by Biomass Burning in AOD and AI enable both the detection of aerosol plumes originating from biomass burning and the identification of their origin.
COVID-19 outbreak and air quality
2021 - MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S.; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
This work compares variations in the concentrations and air quality indexes of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO2, during the COVID-19 outbreak in São Paulo Municipality. Such comparisons considered the period of physical distancing (autumn) and the three first months of economic activities’ resumption (winter). The concentrations and indexes observed in 2020 were compared with their correspondent values measured in the three preceding years. Also, from a supervised machine learning algorithm, the correspondent 2020 expected values were predicted and used in these comparisons. In order to analyze the influence of meteorological conditions, the seasons studied were characterized using remote sensing and surface data. The pollutants predominantly emitted by the vehicle fleet (CO and NO2) had reductions in their concentrations, with values always below the predictions and good air quality indexes. However, the pollutants whose concentration is less dependent on automotive emissions (PM10 and PM2.5) had high proximity to the predictions during the autumn and lower values during some periods in winter. This reduction was not enough to avoid days with a moderate air quality index. The approximation of the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO to the prediction, from the second-half August 2020, indicates the influence of activities’ resumption in air quality.
Evaluation of atmospheric aerosols in the metropolitan area of São Paulo simulated by the regional EURAD-IM model on high-resolution
2021 - DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; FRANKE, PHILIPP; LANGE, ANNE C.; FRIESE, ELMAR; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; REIS, JEAN S. dos; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; SILVA, CLAUDIO M.S. e; ELBERN, HENDRIK; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.
We present a high-resolution air quality study over São Paulo, Brazil with the EURopean Air Pollution Dispersion - Inverse Model (EURAD-IM) used for the first time over South America simulating detailed features of aerosols. Modeled data are evaluated with observational surface data and a Lidar. Two case studies in 2016 with distinct meteorological conditions and pollution plume features show transport (i) from central South America, associated to biomass burning activities, (ii) from the rural part of the state of São Paulo, (iii) between the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (MASP) either through the Paraíba Valley or via the ocean, connecting Brazil's two largest cities, (iv) from the port-city Santos to MASP and also from MASP to the city Campinas, and vice versa. A Pearson coefficient of 0.7 was found for PM10 at MASP CENTER and EURAD-IM simulations vary within the observational standard deviation, with a Mean Percentual Error (MPE) of 10%. The model's vertical distributions of aerosol layers agree with the Lidar profiles that show either characteristics of long-range transported biomass burning plumes, or of local pollution. The distinct transport patterns that agree with satellite Aerosol Optical Death and fire spot images as well as with the ground-based observations within the standard deviations, allows us exploring patterns of air pollution in a detailed manner and to understand the complex interactions between local to long-range transport sources.
Exploring the twilight zone
2020 - SILVA, JONATAN da; MORAIS, FERNANDO G.; FRANCO, MARCO A.; LOPES, FABIO J.S.; ARRUDA, GREGORI de A.; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C.; CORREIA, ALEXANDRE; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
This study shows a set of analysis of measurements from ground-based and satellite instruments to characterize the twilight zone (TLZ) between clouds and aerosols in São Paulo, Brazil. In the vicinity of clouds turbulence measurements showed an intense upward movement of aerosol layers, while sunphotometer results showed an increase in aerosol optical depth, and lidar measurements showed an increase in the backscatter vertical profile signal.