FABIO JULIANO DA SILVA LOPES

FABIO JULIANO DA SILVA LOPES

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Collaborative development of the Lidar Processing Pipeline (LPP) for retrievals of atmospheric aerosols and clouds
2023 - PALLOTTA, JUAN V.; CARVALHO, SILVANIA A. de; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE M.J.
Atmospheric lidars can simultaneously measure clouds and aerosols with high temporal and spatial resolution and hence help understand cloud–aerosol interactions, which are the source of major uncertainties in future climate projections. However, atmospheric lidars are typically custom-built, with significant differences between them. In this sense, lidar networks play a crucial role as they coordinate the efforts of different groups, provide guidelines for quality-assured routine measurements and opportunities for side-by-side instrument comparisons, and enforce algorithm validation, all aiming to homogenize the physical retrievals from heterogeneous instruments in a network. Here we provide a high-level overview of the Lidar Processing Pipeline (LPP), an ongoing, collaborative, and open-source coordinated effort in Latin America. The LPP is a collection of tools with the ultimate goal of handling all the steps of a typical analysis of lidar measurements. The modular and configurable framework is generic enough to be applicable to any lidar instrument. The first publicly released version of the LPP produces data files at levels 0 (raw and metadata), 1 (averaging and layer mask), and 2 (aerosol optical properties). We assess the performance of the LPP through quantitative and qualitative analyses of simulated and measured elastic lidar signals. For noiseless synthetic 532 nm elastic signals with a constant lidar ratio (LR), the root mean square error (RMSE) in aerosol extinction within the boundary layer is about 0.1 %. In contrast, retrievals of aerosol backscatter from noisy elastic signals with a variable LR have an RMSE of 11 %, mostly due to assuming a constant LR in the inversion. The application of the LPP for measurements in São Paulo, further constrained by co-located AERONET data, retrieved a lidar ratio of 69.9 ± 5.2 sr at 532 nm, in agreement with reported values for urban aerosols. Over the Amazon, analysis of a 6 km thick multi-layer cirrus found a cloud optical depth of about 0.46, also in agreement with previous studies. From this exercise, we identify the need for new features and discuss a roadmap to guide future development, accommodating the needs of our community.
First lidar campaign in the industrial sites of Volta Redonda-RJ and Lorena-SP, Brazil
2022 - LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; CARVALHO, SILVANIA A.; CATALANI, FERNANDO; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; ALMEIDA, ROGERIO M. de; RIBEIRO, FABIO de J.; FELLOWS, CARLOS E.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; MENEGATTI, CARLOS R.; PEIXOTO, CARLOS J.T.
We report on the first aerosol profiling campaign in the Paraíba valley, a hub connecting the region between the two largest Brazilian metropolitan areas, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo Sanitation Technology Company (CETESB) air quality and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data show homogeneous behavior of the atmosphere throughout the region. A more detailed description of the particulate material in the local atmosphere, including its temporal dependence, can be obtained by using ground-based lidars. Measurements were carried out with a backscatter lidar system in two industrial cities, Volta Redonda and Lorena. The aerosol backscatter profiles present several peaks at different altitudes, indicating the presence of aerosol in several atmospheric layers. In addition, The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) air-mass back-trajectories indicate a possible detection of long-range aerosol transported from biomass burning areas of South America. The present study emphasizes the importance of investigating and monitoring the emission of particulate matter at this important hub connection between two dense populated regions of Brazil.
Lidar observations in South America
2021 - LANDULFO, EDUARDO; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; ANDRIOLI, VANIA; PIMENTA, ALEXANDRE; WANG, CHI; XU, JIYAO; MARTINS, MARIA P.P.; BATISTA, PAULO; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; ZAMORANO, FELIX; QUEL, EDUARDO; PEREIRA, CLODOMYRA; WOLFRAM, ELIAN; CASASOLA, FACUNDO I.; ORTE, FACUNDO; SALVADOR, JACOBO O.; PALLOTTA, JUAN V.; OTERO, LIDIA A.; PRIETO, MARIA; RISTORI, PABLO R.; BRUSCA, SILVINA; ESTUPINAN, JOHN H.R.; BARRERA, ESTIVEN S.; ANTUNA-MARRERO, JUAN C.; FORNO, RICARDO; ANDRADE, MARCOS; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.; GUEDES, ANDERSON G.; SOUSA, CRISTINA T.; OLIVEIRA, DANIEL C.F. dos S.; DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; SILVA, MARCOS P.A. da; SANTOS, RENATA S. da S.
In Part II of this chapter, we intend to show the significant advances and results concerning aerosols’ tropospheric monitoring in South America. The tropospheric lidar monitoring is also supported by the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). It is concerned about aerosols originating from urban pollution, biomass burning, desert dust, sea spray, and other primary sources. Cloud studies and their impact on radiative transfer using tropospheric lidar measurements are also presented.
Lidar observations in South America
2021 - LANDULFO, EDUARDO; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C.; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; ANDRIOLI, VANIA; PIMENTA, ALEXANDRE; WANG, CHI; XU, JIYAO; MARTINS, MARIA P.P.; BATISTA, PAULO; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; ZAMORANO, FELIX; QUEL, EDUARDO; PEREIRA, CLODOMYRA; WOLFRAM, ELIAN; CASASOLA, FACUNDO I.; ORTE, FACUNDO; SALVADOR, JACOBO O.; PALLOTTA, JUAN V.; OTERO, LIDIA A.; PRIETO, MARIA; RISTORI, PABLO R.; BRUSCA, SILVINA; ESTUPINAN, JOHN H.R.; BARRERA, ESTIVEN S.; ANTUNA-MARRERO, JUAN C.; FORNO, RICARDO; ANDRADE, MARCOS; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.; GUEDES, ANDERSON G.; SOUSA, CRISTINA T.; OLIVEIRA, DANIEL C.F. dos S.; DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; SILVA, MARCOS P.A. da; SANTOS, RENATA S. da S.
South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. In Part I of this chapter, we will present an overview and significant results of lidar observations in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Part II will be dedicated to tropospheric observations.
Evaluation of atmospheric aerosols in the metropolitan area of São Paulo simulated by the regional EURAD-IM model on high-resolution
2021 - DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; FRANKE, PHILIPP; LANGE, ANNE C.; FRIESE, ELMAR; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; REIS, JEAN S. dos; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; SILVA, CLAUDIO M.S. e; ELBERN, HENDRIK; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.
We present a high-resolution air quality study over São Paulo, Brazil with the EURopean Air Pollution Dispersion - Inverse Model (EURAD-IM) used for the first time over South America simulating detailed features of aerosols. Modeled data are evaluated with observational surface data and a Lidar. Two case studies in 2016 with distinct meteorological conditions and pollution plume features show transport (i) from central South America, associated to biomass burning activities, (ii) from the rural part of the state of São Paulo, (iii) between the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (MASP) either through the Paraíba Valley or via the ocean, connecting Brazil's two largest cities, (iv) from the port-city Santos to MASP and also from MASP to the city Campinas, and vice versa. A Pearson coefficient of 0.7 was found for PM10 at MASP CENTER and EURAD-IM simulations vary within the observational standard deviation, with a Mean Percentual Error (MPE) of 10%. The model's vertical distributions of aerosol layers agree with the Lidar profiles that show either characteristics of long-range transported biomass burning plumes, or of local pollution. The distinct transport patterns that agree with satellite Aerosol Optical Death and fire spot images as well as with the ground-based observations within the standard deviations, allows us exploring patterns of air pollution in a detailed manner and to understand the complex interactions between local to long-range transport sources.
Aerosol properties in the atmosphere of Natal/Brazil measured by an AERONET Sun-photometer
2021 - OLIVEIRA, DANIEL C.F. dos S.; MONTILLA-ROSERO, ELENA; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; MORAIS, FERNANDO G.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.
We analyzed data measured by a Sun-photometer of the RIMA-AERONET network with the purpose to characterize the aerosol properties in the atmosphere over Natal, state capital of Rio Grande do Norte, at the coast of Northeast Brazil. Aerosol Optical Depth, Ångström Exponent, Volume Size Distribution, Single Scattering Albedo, Complex Refractive Index, Asymmetry Factor, and Precipitable Water were analyzed from August 2017 to March 2018. In addition, MODIS and CALIOP observations, local Lidar measurements, and modeled backward trajectories were analyzed in a case study on February 9, 2018, that consistently confirmed the identification of a persistent aerosol layer below 4 km agl. Aerosols present in the atmosphere of Natal showed monthly mean Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm below 0.15 (~ 75%), monthly means of the Ångström Exponent at 440–670 nm between 0.30 and 0.70 (~ 69%), bimodal Volume Size Distribution is dominantly coarse mode, Single Scattering Albedo at 440 nm is 0.80, Refractive Index - Real Part around 1.50, Refractive Index - Imaginary Part ranging from 0.01 to 0.04, and the Asymmetry Factor ranged from 0.73 to 0.80. The aerosol typing during the measurement period showed that atmospheric aerosol over Natal is mostly composed of mixed aerosol (58.10%), marine aerosol (34.80%), mineral dust (6.30%), and biomass burning aerosols (0.80%). Backward trajectories identified that 51% of the analyzed air masses over Natal originated from the African continent.
Exploring the twilight zone
2020 - SILVA, JONATAN da; MORAIS, FERNANDO G.; FRANCO, MARCO A.; LOPES, FABIO J.S.; ARRUDA, GREGORI de A.; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C.; CORREIA, ALEXANDRE; LANDULFO, EDUARDO
This study shows a set of analysis of measurements from ground-based and satellite instruments to characterize the twilight zone (TLZ) between clouds and aerosols in São Paulo, Brazil. In the vicinity of clouds turbulence measurements showed an intense upward movement of aerosol layers, while sunphotometer results showed an increase in aerosol optical depth, and lidar measurements showed an increase in the backscatter vertical profile signal.
Comparison among the atmospheric boundary layer height estimated from three different tracers
2020 - MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; ORTIZ-AMEZCUA, PABLO; CAZORLA, ALBERTO; OLIVEIRA, AMAURI P. de; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is the lowermost part of the troposphere. In this work, we analysed the combination of ABL height estimated continuously by three different remote sensing systems: a ceilometer, a Doppler lidar and a passive Microwave Radiometer, during a summer campaign, which was held in Granada from June to August 2016. This study demonstrates as the combined utilization of remote sensing systems, based on different tracers, can provide detailed information about the height of ABL and their sublayers.
Analyzing the atmospheric boundary layer using high-order moments obtained from multiwavelength lidar data
2019 - MOREIRA, GREGORI de A.; LOPES, FABIO J. da S.; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da; GOMES, ANTONIO A.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS
The lowest region of the troposphere is a turbulent layer known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and characterized by high daily variability due to the influence of surface forcings. This is the reason why detecting systems with high spatial and temporal resolution, such as lidar, have been widely applied for researching this region. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis on the use of lidar-backscattered signals at three wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm) to study the ABL by investigating the highorder moments, which give us information about the ABL height (derived by the variance method), aerosol layer movement (skewness) and mixing conditions (kurtosis) at several heights. Previous studies have shown that the 1064 nm wavelength, due to the predominance of particle signature in the total backscattered atmospheric signal and practically null presence of molecular signal (which can represent noise in high-order moments), provides an appropriate description of the turbulence field, and thus in this study it was considered a reference. We analyze two case studies that show us that the backscattered signal at 355 nm, even after applying some corrections, has a limited applicability for turbulence studies using the proposed methodology due to the strong contribution of the molecular signature to the total backscatter signal. This increases the noise associated with the high-order profiles and, consequently, generates misinformation. On the other hand, the information on the turbulence field derived from the backscattered signal at 532 nm is similar to that obtained at 1064 nm due to the appropriate attenuation of the noise, generated by molecular component of backscattered signal by the application of the corrections proposed.
First measurements of water vapor mixing ratio in São Paulo metropolitan area using a six channels Raman LIDAR
2013 - RODRIGUES, PATRICIA F.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; LOPES, FABIO J.S.; COSTA, RENATA F. da

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