Cross neutralization of coral snake venoms by commercial Australian snake antivenoms
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Clinical Toxicology
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Context: Although rare, coral snake envenomation is a serious health threat in Brazil, because of the
highly neurotoxic venom and the scarcely available antivenom. The major bottleneck for antivenom
production is the low availability of venom. Furthermore, the available serum is not effective against
all coral snake species found in Brazil. An alternative to circumvent the lack of venom for serum production
and the restricted protection of the actually available antivenom would be of great value. We
compared the Brazilian coral snake and mono and polyvalent Australian antivenoms in terms of
reactivity and protection.
Methods: The immunoreactivity of venoms from 9 coral snakes species were assayed by ELISA and
western blot using the Brazilian Micrurus and the Australian pentavalent as well as monovalent anti-
Notechis, Oxyuranus and Pseudechis antivenoms. Neutralization assays were performed in mice, using 3
LD50 of the venoms, incubated for 30 minutes with 100 lL of antivenom/animal.
Discussion: All the venoms reacted against the autologous and heterologous antivenoms.
Nevertheless, the neutralization assays showed that the coral snake antivenom was only effective
against M. corallinus, M. frontalis, M. fulvius, M. nigrocinctus and M. pyrrhocryptus venoms. On the other
hand, the Australian pentavalent antivenom neutralized all venoms except the one from M. spixii. A
combination of anti-Oxyuranus and Pseudechis monovalent sera, extended the protection to M. altirostris
and, partially, to M. ibiboboca. By adding Notechis antivenom to this mixture, we obtained full protection
against M. ibiboboca and partial neutralization against M. lemniscatus venoms.
Conclusions: Our findings confirm the limited effectiveness of the Brazilian coral snake antivenom and
indicate that antivenoms made from Australian snakes venoms are an effective alternative for coral
snake bites in South America and also in the United States were coral snake antivenom production has
been discontinued.
Como referenciar
RAMOS, HENRIQUE R.; VASSAO, RUTH C.; ROODT, ADOLFO R. de; SILVA, ED CARLOS S. e; MIRTSCHIN, PETER; HO, PAULO L.; SPENCER, PATRICK J. Cross neutralization of coral snake venoms by commercial Australian snake antivenoms. Clinical Toxicology, p. 33-39, 2017. DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1222615. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/26911. Acesso em: 27 Mar 2026.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.