Air pollution assessment using tree barks as biomonitors
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2017
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60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS
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Tree barks are considered to be a promising indicator of air pollution monitoring,
because of its accumulation of aerosol particles, simplicity of arboreal species identification
and its wide geographical distribution. In this study, barks from Sibipiruna
(Caesalpinia peltophoroides) and Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) tree species were collected
in different sites in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) and from two
small cities considered as control sites located far from MRSP. The bark samples
collected were cleaned and ground for the element analyses. Neutron activation
analysis (NAA) was applied for the determination of As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs,
Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, V and Zn and graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry (GF AAS) for Cd, Cu and Pb determinations. Results obtained for
samples collected in different sampling sites in the MRSP presented wide variability
due to the different pollutants levels that each tree was exposed to. In general, barks
from trees located close to high vehicular traffic presented high As, Cd, Pb, Sb and
Zn concentrations. The principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to identify
sources associated with tree bark element concentrations and according to PCA,
80.97% of the results variance could be explained by four components. The possible
origins of these elements were soil resuspension plus vehicular emission, industry,
marine aerosols and the tree bark structure itself. The calculated enrichment factors
indicated that all the elements originated from anthropic sources, with the exception
of Cs. In addition, the enrichment of the elements in tree barks was higher in the
MRSP than that from enrichment of barks collected from control sampling sites, indicating
that the different levels of vehicular traffic may influence the enrichment of
the elements. Despite the different pollution levels, the PCA indicated that there are
no significant differences between MRSP and control sites with regards to emission
characteristics, probably due to the control sites being located in urban areas. The
analytical control of the results was checked by analyzing certified reference materials
and the results indicated that NAA and GF AAS provided reliable data for element
concentrations with standardized differences, |Z score| < 2.
Como referenciar
SANTOS, E.C.; SAIKI, M. Air pollution assessment using tree barks as biomonitors. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 27-27. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28721. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.