Unraveling the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein long-term effect on neuro-PASC
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Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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The persistence or emergence of long-term symptoms following resolution
of primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is referred to as long COVID or post-acute
sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). PASC predominantly affects the cardiovascular,
neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and immune systems.
Among these, the central nervous system (CNS) is significantly impacted, leading
to a spectrum of symptoms, including fatigue, headaches, brain fog, cognitive
impairment, anosmia, hypogeusia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and peripheral
neuropathy (neuro-PASC). However, the risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms
responsible for neuro-PASC remain unclear. This review hypothesis discusses the
leading hypotheses regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in
long COVID/PASC, focusing on neuro-PASC. We propose vascular dysfunction
mediated by activation of astrocytes and pericytes followed by blood–brain barrier
(BBB) disruption as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological
manifestations. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of spike protein at the
blood–brain interface. Finally, we explore the potential pathogenic mechanisms
initiated by the interaction between the spike protein and cellular receptors at
the brain endothelial and tissue levels.
Como referenciar
MENEZES, FILIPE; PALMEIRA, JULYS da F.; OLIVEIRA, JULIANA dos S.; ARGANARAZ, GUSTAVO A.; SOARES, CARLOS R.J.; NOBREGA, OTAVIO T.; RIBEIRO, BERGMANN M.; ARGANARAZ, ENRIQUE R. Unraveling the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein long-term effect on neuro-PASC. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, v. 18, p. 1-17, 2024. DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1481963. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/49010. Acesso em: 20 Mar 2026.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.