Sustainable development in São Paulo's Green Belt Biosphere Reserve
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Introduction: The Green Belt Biosphere Reserve, with 2.33 million hectares and its internal
urban area with 220 thousand hectares, is configured as a water security territory and
expresses a direct relationship between urban development and areas that ensure well-being
and ecosystem services for 12% of Brazil's population. With seventy-eight municipalities that
fully or partially integrate the GBBR, the socioeconomic differences and the different contexts
of urbanization and governance reflect on territorial management at the local level and impact
the environmental and regional sustainable development agendas.
Objective: Based on a survey of environmental policies and correlations between economic
and socio-environmental indicators on a municipal scale for the entire study area, this article
assesses the level of development of the main environmental public policies and identifies the
relationship between these policies and socio-environmental indicators.
Originality: Although the Green Belt Biosphere Reserve is an area recognized by the United
Nations (UN), the management of its territory depends on municipal actions that comprise it.
Little attention has been paid to environmental management, especially in terms of public
environmental policies and a broad and ongoing understanding of the conservation of this
area.
Results: The analysis shows that the different municipalities in the GBBR have different levels
of implementation regarding Environmental Agenda. When considering the Municipal Plans
for Urban Afforestation, Adaptation to Climate Change, Atlantic Forest and Solid Waste, only Guarujá, Mogi das Cruzes, Santos and São Paulo have these four policies in preparation or
completed, while for 33.3% (n=25) of the municipalities, none of these agendas was
developed, and a positive correlation was identified between the HDI and the largest number
of implemented policies.
Contribution: Large and medium-sized cities in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, present studies
addressing ecological patterns and processes, however, they do not address specific
questions on the environmental sector itself, which this paper aimed at providing.
Conclusion: As the Green Belt accounts for 72% of the volume of drinking water in all of São
Paulo, the disparities between the municipal indicators analyzed reinforce the need to adopt
the GBBR as a platform for adequate governance to integrate policies at different scales for
sustainable regional development. Systemic efforts are needed, especially at the municipal
scale, in order to carry out adequate environmental management of the GBBR territory.
Como referenciar
FERREIRA, MAURICIO L.; DALMAS, FABRICIO B.; SANTANNA, MARYLY; RODRIGUES, ELAINE A.; SODRE, MARCELO G. Sustainable development in São Paulo's Green Belt Biosphere Reserve: between the void of municipal environmental policies and the ecosystem management of the territory. Revista de Gestao Ambiental e Sustentabilidade, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1-37, 2023. DOI: 10.5585/2023.22940. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/34351. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.