Gamma radiation cured polyester resin for restoration of cultural heritage wood

Abstract

In the process of restoring and conserving cultural heritage artifacts and documents, a wide range of coatings based on resins and adhesives are used, including natural products and various types of synthetic polymers. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of polyester-based resins with polymeric monomers cured by gamma radiation without a catalyst. These resins are typically used to impregnate wooden artifacts that have been compromised by insect damage and cannot be consolidated using other methods. Gamma radiation has been effectively used to treat cultural heritage objects, such as rare books, sacred or museum images, and canvas paintings. It is used for insect control, disinfection of harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, and for creating new materials for restoration. For this study, formulations of polyester resin, methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA), and styrene (SM) were prepared with different concentrations and combinations. In the absence of catalysts, these formulations were exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 50 kGy and a rate of 1 kGy/h. After curing, they were analyzed using gel fraction, thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Optical microscopy (MO). The results show that polyester-based resins were successfully cured by gamma radiation without catalysts or chemicals. This process provides a form of long-lasting protection against fungi, bacteria, and insects, as well as protection against moisture exchange with the environment. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in the conservation and preservation of wooden artworks, being capable of providing support, stability, and quality to the object.