Evaluation of micronuclei, cytomorphometric and cytologic changes of the oral mucosa in hookah and cigarette smokers
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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
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Objective. To analyze the effect of hookah and cigarettes on the oral mucosa of smokers through the use of exfoliative cytology.
Study Design. Smear samples were collected by exfoliative cytology from the tongue of 33 hookah smokers, 22 cigarette smokers,
and 30 non-smokers. The selected analyses include micronuclei (MN), metanuclear anomalies, epithelial maturation, and cytomorphology (nuclear area [NA], cytoplasmic area [CA], and NA/CA ratio).
Results. The largest differences observed for MN and metanuclear anomalies were between cigarette smokers and the control
group (notably 1 MN P = .04; total cells with MN P = .039; total MN P = .042; karyorrhexis and binucleation, P = .0001). The hookah group, compared with the control group, showed the greatest differences for karyolysis (P = .0023), binucleation (P = .0003),
and broken egg (P = .008). Significant differences were found between the smokers and the control groups regarding changes in
the superficial cell without nucleus, perinuclear halo, vacuolization, color change, mucus, and keratohyalin granules. There was
a significant increase in the NA and NA/CA ratio in the smoker groups.
Conclusion. This study showed that a combined analysis of exfoliative cytology associated with other diagnostic methods is a useful tool for studying oral carcinogenesis. Hookah and cigarettes showed similar effects in terms of displaying substantial cytogenetic and cytotoxic damage.
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INOSTROZA, ELVIRA A.S.; BRESSANE, ADRIANO; SCHWARMEIER, LIGIA A.T.; LACERDA, ESTER B.; ANJOS, KARINE R. dos; SANTOS, THAMIRES S.P. dos; CAVALCANTI, DESIREE R.; NASCIMENTO, FABIO D.; ALMEIDA, JANETE D.; ALVES, MONICA G.O. Evaluation of micronuclei, cytomorphometric and cytologic changes of the oral mucosa in hookah and cigarette smokers. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, v. 137, n. 6, p. 640-650, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.009. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/48094. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.