X-ray spectrometry applied for characterization of bricks of Brazilian historical sites
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X-Ray Spectrometry
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This paper presents the results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of bricks
sampled from historical places in Pernambuco, a state in the northeastern
region of Brazil. In this study, twenty bricks found in historical sites were analyzed.
Two bricks made in the 17th century, presumably used as ballast in
ships coming from Holland, five locally manufactured bricks: one from 18th
century, three from 19th century, and one from 20th century, and thirteen
bricks collected from a recent Archeological investigation of Alto da Sé, in the
town of Olinda. Qualitative determination of the chemical elements present in
the samples was undertaken using a self-assembled portable XRF system based
on a compact X-ray tube and a thermoelectrically cooled Si-PIN photodiode
system, both commercially available. X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried
out to assess the crystalline mineral phases present in the bricks. The results
showed that quartz (SiO2) is the major mineral content in all bricks. Although
less expressive in the XRD patterns, mineral phases of illite, kaolinite, anorthite,
and rutile are also identified. The trace element distribution patterns of
the bricks, determined by the XRF technique, is dominated by Fe and, in
decreasing order, by K, Ti, Ca, Mn, Zr, Rb, Sr, Cr, and Y with slight differences
among them. Analyses of the chemical compositional features of the bricks,
evaluated by principal component analysis of the XRF datasets, allowed the
samples to be grouped into five clusters with similar chemical composition.
These cluster groups were able to identify both age and manufacturing sites.
Dutch bricks prepared with different geological clays compositions were
defined.
Como referenciar
ASFORA, VIVIANE K.; BUENO, CARMEN C.; BARROS, VINICIUS M. de; KHOURY, HELEN; VAN GRIEKEN, RENE. X-ray spectrometry applied for characterization of bricks of Brazilian historical sites. X-Ray Spectrometry, v. 50, n. 1, p. 45-52, 2021. DOI: 10.1002/xrs.3194. Disponível em: http://200.136.52.105/handle/123456789/31660. Acesso em: 24 Mar 2026.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.