Soft Systems Methodology as an approach to the safety management of nuclear facilities

Abstract

This manuscript presents an account of the Sociotechnical Systems Safety Analysis Group’s (GASSST) application of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to a complex safety issue at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute in São Paulo, Brazil (IPEN-CNEN/SP). Drawing from both theoretical foundations, based on the documentation produced by Peter Checkland and other researchers, and practical experiences, the study explores the SSM approach in addressing challenges that involved technical and human factors. The principal results include the identification of key stakeholder perspectives, the development of a rich picture to capture the complexity of the problem, and the initiation of potential solutions. However, the full application of SSM was curtailed due to proactive interventions by the facility staff, which resolved the initial problem before all SSM steps could be completed. The process was further interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic-induced hiatus, during which facility staff were absent for 1 year and 10 months. The study concludes that timely application of SSM and the expertise of facilitators are critical for navigating complex safety issues effectively. This experience underscores the need for experienced practitioners and a more prompt application of SSM to fully leverage its potential in addressing organizational challenges. GASSST's reflections and documented experiences contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on SSM's practical relevance in similar contexts.