AND, OR, and XNOR optical logic gates via pixel-wise modulation with spatial light modulators and 4f system

Abstract

We present a simple optical setup based on two cascaded reflective phase-only spatial light modulators in a 4f configuration to perform basic logic operations in parallel. By adjusting polarization states and encoding binary input patterns as phase masks, we implemented three logic gates (AND, OR, and XNOR) with results consistent with the expected truth tables. The modulation relies on polarizing components to allow pixel-wise control across the entire image. Experimental results show good agreement with the target amplitude distributions and expected results.