Lixiviation of rare earth elements in tropical soils amended with phosphogypsum
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International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
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In Brazil, the main producers of phosphate fertilisers are responsible
for the production of approximately 12 million tons of phosphogypsum
(PG) per year. This phosphogypsum has been used for many
years in agriculture as a soil amendment. For its safe long-term
application, it is necessary to characterise the impurities present in
phosphogypsum and to study the leaching or dissemination of such
impurities to waters or other ecosystem compartments. This paper
aims to evaluate the availability of Rare Earth Elements (REEs): La, Ce,
Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb and Lu. The technique used for the determination of
the elements of interest in the soil, soil mixed with PG, PG and
leachate was the instrumental neutron activation analysis. For this
purpose, an experiment was carried out, in which columns filled with
sandy and clay Brazilian typical soils mixed with phosphogypsum
were percolated with water, to achieve a mild extraction of these
elements. The results showed that the ƩREE in PG was in the order of
7,600 mg kg−1 while in the leachate, the sum was in the order of 100
μg L−1 results obtained for the available fraction obtained was below
1%, giving evidence that although the REEs are present in the PG in
higher concentrations, they are not available to the water. It can be
concluded that the addition of PG to the soils does not contribute to
a significant enhancement of the REEs in water.
Como referenciar
SAUEIA, CATIA H.R.; NISTI, MARCELO B.; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da; OLIVEIRA, JONATHAN P. de; MAZZILLI, BARBARA P. Lixiviation of rare earth elements in tropical soils amended with phosphogypsum. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 100, n. 6, p. 675-685, 2020. DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1638918. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31074. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.