Comparing traditional and toxin-oriented approaches towards antivenom production against Bitis arietans snake venom
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Toxins
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Accidents with snakes are responsible for about 32,000 deaths annually in sub-Saharan
Africa, caused mostly by snakes from the genus Bitis, in particular Bitis arietans. B. arietans venom is
composed of a complex mixture of toxins, mainly metalloproteases, serine proteases, phospholipases,
lectins, and disintegrins. In this work, we compared two approaches to anti-B. arietans antivenom
production: immunization with crude snake venom (“traditional approach”) and immunization
with selected key toxins isolated from the snake venom (“toxin oriented” approach). Fractions
from B. arietans venom were isolated by size exclusion chromatography. Crude venom and samples
containing serine proteases or metalloproteases were selected for the immunization of BALB/c mice.
Anti-B. arietans and anti-serine proteases plasmas showed a similar recognition profile and higher
titers and affinity than the anti-metalloproteases plasma. Cross-recognition of other Bitis venoms
was observed, but with low intensity. Although the plasma of all experimental groups inhibited the
enzymatic activity of B. arietans venom in vitro, in vivo protection was not achieved. Our results have
shown limitations in both approaches considered. Based on this, we proposed a model of polyclonal,
species-specific, monovalent antivenoms that could be used as a base to produce customizable
polyvalent sera for use in sub-Saharan Africa.
Como referenciar
GUIDOLIN, FELIPE R.; GODOI, KEMILY S. de; MEGALE, ANGELA A.A.; SILVA, CRISTIANE C.F. da; KODAMA, ROBERTO T.; CAJADO-CARVALHO, DANIELA; IWAI, LEO K.; SPENCER, PATRICK J.; PORTARO, FERNANDA C.V.; SILVA, WILMAR D. da. Comparing traditional and toxin-oriented approaches towards antivenom production against Bitis arietans snake venom. Toxins, v. 15, n. 9, p. 1-20, 10.3390/toxins15090584. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/34387. Acesso em: 20 Mar 2026.
Esta referência é gerada automaticamente de acordo com as normas do estilo IPEN/SP (ABNT NBR 6023) e recomenda-se uma verificação final e ajustes caso necessário.