Electrochemical deposition of N-doped ZnO film and its superior potential to inactivate microorganisms
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International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
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Nitrogen-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) is a semiconductor with enhanced photocatalytic properties, which makes it a promising material for antimicrobial applications. In this study, the photoelectrocatalytic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albican on ZnO:N films was investigated. The films were prepared by electrochemical deposition with different doping concentrations (20, 40, 60 cm3 min−1). X-ray diffraction patterns showed that pure ZnO and ZnO:N films displayed a crystalline wurtzite structure. Scanning electron micrograph revealed a hexagonal nanorod morphology for samples. The substitutional doping that occurred in ZnO favored the formation of oxygen vacancies, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The nitrogen doping caused a decrease in the values of the band gap energy (Ebg) from 3.17 to 3.12 eV. Photoelectrochemical studies showed higher photocurrent density for ZnO:N compared to ZnO films, reaching 60 µA cm−2 at 0.70 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The chronopotentiometry curves showed that all films present n-type semiconductor behavior and flat band potentials suitable for generating reactive oxygen species capable of inactivating microorganisms. Under irradiation, all ZnO:N films inhibited S. aureus. Also, ZnO:N-40 film showed complete inhibitory effects on E. coli and C. albicans. These results highlight the potential of nitrogen-doped ZnO films for antimicrobial applications.
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SILVA, M.K.; RAMOS, C.M.V.P.; LIMA, A.E.B.; SILVA, R.M.P.; FIGUEREDO, G.S. de; ANTUNES, R.A.; ALVES, W.; JUNIOR LUZ, G.E.; SANTOS, R.S. Electrochemical deposition of N-doped ZnO film and its superior potential to inactivate microorganisms. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, v. 22, n. 14, p. 13983-13998, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-025-06555-6. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/49415. Acesso em: 20 Mar 2026.
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