Time-resolved synchrotron light source X-ray detection with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
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Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) represent the state-of-the-art in timing measurements and will instrument future timing detectors at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments. While conceived as a sensor for charged particles, the intrinsic gain of LGADs makes it possible to detect low energy X-rays with good energy resolution and excellent timing (tens of picoseconds). Using the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at SLAC, several LGADs designs were characterized with energies from 5 to 35 keV. The SSRL provides 10 ps pulsed X-ray bunches separated by 2.1 ns intervals, and with an energy dispersion (ΔE/E) of 1 × 10-4. LGADs fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) with different thicknesses ranging from 20 µm to 50 µm and different gain layer designs were read out a two stage fast amplification circuit and digitized with a high bandwidth, high sampling rate oscilloscope. PIN devices from HPK were characterized as well. A systematic and detailed characterization of the devices’ energy linearity, resolution and timing resolution as a function of X-ray energy was performed for different biasing voltages at room temperature.
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SAITO, G.T.; LEITE, M.; MAZZA, S.M.; ZHAO, Y.; KIRKES, T.; YOHO, N.; YERDEA, D.; NAGEL, N.; OTT, J.; NIZAM, M.; MORALLES, M.; SADROZINSKI, H.F.-W.; SEIDEN, A.; SCHUMM, B.; MCKINNEY-MARTINEZ, F.; GIACOMINI, G.; CHEN, W. Time-resolved synchrotron light source X-ray detection with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, v. 1064, p. 1-4, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2024.169454. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/48725. Acesso em: 30 Dec 2025.
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