CAIO SILVESTRE DE CARVALHO CORREIA

CAIO SILVESTRE DE CARVALHO CORREIA

Página do item completo

Resultados de Busca

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 52

Sensitivity of Amazon Carbon Balance to climate and human-driven changes in Amazon
2019 - GATTI, LUCIANA V.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; BASSO, LUANA S.; MILLER, JOHN B.; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C.; TEJADA, GRACIELA; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; GLOOR, MANUEL; PETERS, WOUTER; VON RANDOW, CELSO; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; IPIA, ALBER; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; ARAI, EGIDIO
Amazon is the major tropical land region, with critical processes, such as the carbon cycle, not yet fully understood. Only very few long-term greenhouse gas measurements is available in the tropics. The Amazon accounts for 50% of Earth’s tropical rainforests hosting the largest carbon pool in vegetation and soils (~200 PgC). The net carbon exchange between tropical land and the atmosphere is critically important because the stability of carbon in forests and soils can be disrupted in short time-scales. The main processes releasing C to the atmosphere are deforestation, fires and changes in growing conditions due to increased temperatures and droughts. Such changes may thus cause feedbacks on global climate. In the last 40 years, Amazon mean temperature increased by 1.1ºC. The length of the dry season is also increasing. We observed a reduction of 50.5mm in the annual mean precipitation during this same 40 years period. Precipitation reduction occurred mainly in the dry season, exacerbating vegetation water stress with consequences for the carbon balance. To understand the consequences of climate and human-driven changes on the C budget of Amazonia, we put in place the first program with regional representativeness, from 2010 onwards, aiming to quantify greenhouse gases based on extensive collection of vertical profiles of CO2 and CO. Regular vertical profiles from the ground up to 4.5 km height were performed at four sites along the main air-stream over the Amazon. Here we will report what these new data tell us about the greenhouse gas balance and its controls during the 2010-2017. Along this period we performed 513 vertical profiles over four strategic regions that represent fluxes over the entire Amazon region. The observed variability of carbon fluxes during these 8 years is correlated with climate variability (Temperature, precipitation, GRACE) and human-driven changes (Biomass Burning). The correlations were performed inside each influenced area for each studied site. It was observed a persistent C source from the Amazon (natural plus anthropogenic sources) to the atmosphere. Amazon was a consistent source of 0.4 ± 0.2 PgC/year on average considering the Amazon area of 7.2 million km2. Fire emission is the main source of carbon to the atmosphere, which is not compensate by the C removal from old-growth Amazon forest.
Land use and cover change and CO2 atmospheric measurements in the Amazon forests
2019 - TEJADA, GRACIELA; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; BASSO, LUANA S.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; IPIA, ALBER; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C.; ARAI, EGIDIO; GLOOR, EMANUEL U.; MILLER, JOHN B.; VON RANDOW, CELSO
In the last years, global CO2 concentrations have reach levels never seen before reaching more than 400 ppm. Among the main causes of these emissions are the burning of fossil fuels and the land use and cover change (LUCC) related emissions. In the Amazon region, the main CO2 emissions are related to deforestation. Multitemporal LUCC datasets have been restrict to Brazil, but now has been released a pan-Amazon dataset for all the countries sharing the Amazon, opening the possibility of studying the Amazon forests as a whole. On the other hand, the lower-troposphere greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring program “Carbam project”, has been collecting biweekly GHGs vertical profiles in four sites of the Amazon since 2010, filling a very important gap in regional GHGs measurements. Our purpose is to understand the relationships between regional LUCC and CO2 aircraft measurements in the Amazon. Here we present the relationships between annual LUCC data from 2010 to 2017 in the Amazon forest and in each mean influence area of Carbam sites comparing them with mean annual CO2 fluxes. Considering the whole Amazon forests and the mean annual CO2 fluxes, the years with more forest loss and agriculture increase are 2010 and 2016, showing relation with CO2 fluxes. On the other hand, 2011 and 2017 also have deforestation (less than 2010 and 2016), but the CO2 fluxes are lower, showing that droughts could also influence the CO2 concentrations. Looking at each influence area, total carbon flux of Alta Floresta and Rio Branco have the same tendency as the forest loss from 2013 to 2017, but no in 2010 and 2012. In Tabantinga, Tefé and Santarem there is no a direct relationship between the carbon fluxes and the forest loss. To understand better the relationships at each site, we have to consider the years of measurements. Also, the temporal scale, carbon fluxes are measure biweekly and the LUCC data is annual. Looking at the potentialities and limitations of this relationship, it will be possible to improve the methodology to better understand the interaction of human activities and CO2 emissions on the carbon balance.
Increasing of carbon emission from biomass burning due to the temperature rising and precipitation reduction in the Amazon
2019 - CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; BASSO, LUANA S.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; MARANI, LUCIANO; TEJADA, GRACIELA; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C.; ARAI, EGIDIO; GLOOR, MANUEL; MILLER, JOHN B.; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.
Recent droughts have increased the magnitude and frequency of the forest fires in the Amazon (Aragão et al. 2018). As a consequence, the Amazon has become a Carbon source due to the rising of the Carbon emission from biomass burned in the El Niño events. Faced with climate change and the likely acceleration of temperature in tropical regions, we hypothesize that Amazon will become a Carbon source even in non-droughts years, due to the increase of forest fires. Therefore, we compared 7 years of atmospheric profiles of CO2 obtained from aircraft overfly at four sites of the Amazon, since 2010, with temperature, precipitation, and fire counts (FC). Carbon emission from fires was obtained by the ratio of CO/CO2 and differs by site and year. The FC and climatic variables were extracted from quarterly influence areas by site and weighted by the amount of trajectories within a cell of one degree resolution. The fire emissions released by the Amazon is about 0.38 ± 0.086 Pg.C.yr-1, which represent roughly 17% of the annual global fires emissions (Werf et al. 2017). However, there are markedly divergences in the Fire emissions across Amazon. For instance, the emission from the Eastern is 400% higher and account of an average 60% more FC than observed in the Western. FC were positively and significantly correlated with Carbon from fires at all sites (ρ = 0.55-0.83, α = 0.05, p-value<0.001), being higher in the Southeastern of Amazon (Alta Floresta and Santarém sites), and lower in the Northwest of Amazon (Tefé site and Rio Branco Sites). This discrepancy may occur due to the Southeastern of Amazon be located inside the “Arc of deforestation” where the dynamic of the Land-Use Land-Cover Change is more pronounced. We also found a strong relationship between FC and temperature and precipitation (r² adj = 0.44-0.67, p-value<0.001). Temperature is positively correlated with FC and explains circa of 90% of their variability in the linear model (r² partial = 0.4-0.59, α = 0.05, p-value<0.001). It means that an increase of one degree (1°C) in the Amazon represents an increase of about 13600 fire counts; and the reduction of 100 mm precipitation means an increase of 315 in the fire counts. In the balance of the Fire emissions, it would add 1.27 Pg Pg.C.yr-1 at each degree celsius of increase and 0.2 Pg.C.yr-1 at each 100 mm of precipitation reduction.
Understanding the seasonality and interannual variability of Amazon CH4 budget and climate feedbacks based on atmospheric data from vertical profiles measurements
2019 - BASSO, LUANA S.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; TEJADA, GRACIELA; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C.; IPIA, ALBER; ARAI, EGIDIO; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; GLOOR, MANUEL; MILLER, JOHN B.
Currently tropical land regions, like Amazon, are still poorly observed with large-scale integrating in-situ observations although they host some of the largest wetlands/seasonally flooded areas on the globe. The role of these regions in the global CH4 balance and the climate feedbacks have remained uncertain. To help this situation we have started a lower-troposphere greenhouse gas-monitoring program over tropical South America consisting of regular vertical profile greenhouse gas and carbon monoxide (CO) observations at four sites along the main airstream since 2010. Vertical profiles are sampled using light aircraft, high-precision greenhouse gas and carbon monoxide analysis of flask air, fortnightly between 2010 to 2017. Over the full period the Amazon (total area of around 7.2 million km2) was a source of CH4, of approximately 46 ± 6 Tg/year, which represent 8% of the global CH4 flux to the atmosphere. CH4 emissions from different parts of the basin vary markedly. There are comparably high emissions from the eastern part of the basin exhibiting strong variability, with particularly high CH4 fluxes in the early part of the wet season (January to March). A second period of high emissions occurs during the dry season. The cause of the high emissions is unclear. In contrast to the eastern Amazon site a clear seasonality was observed at the other three sites located further downwind along the main sir-stream, with the largest emissions occurring at the beginning of the wet season (January to March). In addition, these data show an interannual variability in emissions magnitude, so we discuss how these data can be correlate to temperature, precipitation, terrestrial water storage anomalies (from GRACE) and Fire counts (human-driven changes) that could be influencing this variability. Using a CO/CH4 emission ratio calculated in this study we find a biomass burning contribution varying between 10 and 23% of the total flux at each site. Also, we discuss what the data tell us about possible ongoing feedbacks to possible changes in temperature, precipitation and biomass burning and indicating what variables can be contributing to CH4 emissions from Amazon.
Variação Interanual do Balanço de Gases de Efeito Estufa na Bacia Amazônica e seus controles em um mundo sob aquecimento e mudanças climáticas
2019 - GATTI, LUCIANA V.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS; ARAGAO, LUIZ; MILLER, JOHN; BASSO, LUANA; MARANI, LUCIANO; TEJADA, GRACIELA; CASSOL, HENRIQUE; CORREIA, CAIO; IPIA, ALBER; ANDERSON, LIANA; RANDOW, CELSO V.; GLOOR, MANUEL; PETERS, WOUTER; LOPES, RAIANE; SANTOS, RICARDO; CRISPIM, STEPHANE
Ao longo dos últimos 40-‐50 anos a Amazônia vem sofrendo muitas alterações devido ao desmatamento, queima da biomassa, mudança do uso da terra, expansão urbana, malha viária, construção de hidrelétricas, exploração de mineração, petróleo e gás, etc. Esta alteração na Floresta Amazônica vem promovendo o aumento da temperatura nesta região acima do esperado e intensificação da estação seca. Estas alterações, além das alterações climáticas vem causando impacto no Balanço de Carbono da Bacia Amazônica.
CO2 atmospheric measurements and land use and cover change in the Brazilian Amazon
2019 - TEJADA, GRACIELA; GATTI, LUCIANA; BASSO, LUANA; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; CASSOL, HENRIQUE; CORREIA, CAIO S.C.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para análise de isótopos de carbono em amostras de ar da Amazônia
2019 - NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; RIBEIRO, MAISA M.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CORREIA, CAIO S.C.
Medidas de óxido nitroso sobre a Bacia Amazônica com o uso de aviões de pequeno porte
2019 - CORREIA, CAIO S.C.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; RIBEIRO, MAISA M.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.
Understanding the relationships between local deforestation and CO2 atmospheric measurements in the Brazilian Amazon
2019 - TEJADA, GRACIELA; GATTI, LUCIANA; BASSO, LUANA; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CORREIA, CAIO; DOMINGUES, LUCAS; CRISPIM, STEPHANE; NEVES, RAIANE; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.; ARAI, EGIDIO; GLOOR, MANUEL; MILLER, JOHN B.; VON RANDOW, CELSO
Amazon forests play a fundamental role in the global carbon balance as a carbon sink, but temperature elevations and frequents extreme events as droughts and floods could make the forests a source of CO2. Local atmospheric measurements of greenhouse gases are needed to better understand how forest will respond to climate change. The lower-troposphere greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring program over Brazilian Amazon Basin, has been collecting biweekly GHGs vertical profiles in four sites since 2010. We aim to understand the relationships between local deforestation and CO2 aircraft measurements in the Brazilian Amazon. We calculated annual deforestation (using the Amazon Deforestation Calculation Program - PRODES), land use and cover change data (using the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE) and fire data (using the Fire Monitoring System) in each annual influence area at the four flight measurement sites of the Brazilian Amazon from 2010-2017 (and also in the mean influence area of all years by sites). We found that when we see total deforestation, it has a relationship with global CO2 emissions in the Brazilian Amazon biome. Fire has a strong relationship in the drought years, mostly in 2012. Looking at each site, we found specific correlations with deforestation, fire and land use. The biggest challenge was to compare spatial analyzes of land use change and fire with punctual data of airplane GHGs measurements. This study will contribute in our understanding of anthropogenic activities over the Amazon forest in a changing climate.
A first Amazon CH4 budget and its controls based on atmospheric data from vertical profiles measurements
2019 - BASSO, LUANA S.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; TEJADA, GRACIELA; CORREIA, CAIO S.C.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; ARAI, EGIDIO; MILLER, JOHN B.; GLOOR, MANUEL; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; ARAGAO, LUIZ E.O.C.
The role of tropical regions in the global CH4 balance remained uncertain, due these regions have until recently been poorly observed with large-scale integrating in-situ observations. To contribute in understanding the CH4 balance in tropical regions, we have started a lower-troposphere greenhouse gas-monitoring program over Brazilian Amazon Basin consisting of regular vertical profile greenhouse gas observations at four sites. Samples are collected regularly each 2 weeks, using light aircraft. We will present an analysis of these data and what they tell us about the Amazon CH4 cycle and its contribution to global CH4 concentration. We estimate fluxes upwind of the sites from the profile data using a column budgeting approach (Miller et al., 2007). Over the full period (2010-2017) the Amazon Basin was a source of CH4, but with regional variations. There are comparably high and highly variable emissions from the eastern part of the basin exhibiting strong variability, with particularly high CH4 fluxes in two different periods of the year (beginning of the wet season and in the dry season). In contrast to this, a clear seasonality was observed at the other three sites, with the largest emissions occurring at the beginning of the wet season (January to March). Emissions from biomass burning contribute with a small part of the total flux at each site. We will finally discuss what is the influence from precipitation and temperature in the Amazon CH4 emissions.