PEDRO ARTHUR AUGUSTO DE CASTRO

PEDRO ARTHUR AUGUSTO DE CASTRO

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Biomolecular profile of tobacco users by infrared spectroscopy and machine learning approaches
2024 - NOGUEIRA, MARCELO S.; COSTA, NATALIA C.Q.; BAROUDI, KUSAI; FERREIRA, MARIA C. de M.S.C.; SILVA, SARA M.S.D. da; LEAL, LEONARDO B.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; PERALTA, FELIPE; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; CARVALHO, LUIS F. das C. e S. de
Objectives: Our study validates the preliminary steps needed to introduce FT-IR spectroscopy as a point-of-care diagnostic tool, particularly for patients at high risk for cancer. Materials and methods: FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine molecular changes and classify saliva samples of control, smoker, and occasional smoker groups. Results: Correctly classified instances were 72.7% for the control group, 65.5% for occasional smokers and 75% for smokers. Sample differences were observed in the peaks at 1076cm-1, 1403cm-1 symmetric CH3 modes of protein methyl groups and δsCH3 of collagen, 1451cm-1 asymmetrical CH3 bending modes of the protein methyl groups, 1547cm-1 of protein band, amide II, peptide and proteins amide II, and 1646cm-1 amide I, C5 methylated cytosine, C==O bond, C==C stretching uracil and NH2 guanine. Conclusion: Our research demonstrates the potential of FT-IR spectroscopy in detecting subtle molecular changes in saliva, which can be correlated with smoking habits. This non-invasive technique could be instrumental in the early detection and monitoring of oral and systemic diseases, especially those related to tobacco use. Future research should focus on refining the classification algorithms and expanding the sample size to further improve the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of this technique.
Assessment of bone dose response using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
2022 - CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; DIAS, DERLY A.; DEL-VALLE, MATHEUS; VELOSO, MARCELO N.; SOMESSARI, ELIZABETH S.R.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
The health care application of ionizing radiation has expanded worldwide during the last several decades. While the health impacts of ionizing radiation improved patient care, inaccurate handling of radiation technology is more prone to potential health risks. Therefore, the present study characterizes the bone dose response using bovine femurs from a slaughterhouse. The gamma irradiation was designed into low-doses (0.002, 0.004 and 0.007 kGy) and high-doses (1, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50 and 60 kGy), all samples received independent doses. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy and PLS-DA allows the detection of differences in the control group and the ionizing dose, as well as distinguishing between high and low radiation doses. In this way, our findings contribute to future studies of the dose response to track ionizing radiation effects on biological systems.
The impact of scan number and its preprocessing in micro-FTIR imaging when applying machine learning for breast cancer subtypes classification
2021 - DEL-VALLE, MATHEUS; SANTOS, MOISES O. dos; SANTOS, SOFIA N. dos; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; BERNARDES, EMERSON S.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
The breast cancer molecular subtype is an important classification to outline the prognostic. Gold-standard assessing using immunohistochemistry adds subjectivity due to interlaboratory and interobserver variations. In order to increase the diagnosis confidence, other techniques need to be examined, where the FTIR spectroscopy imaging allied with machine learning techniques may provide additional and quantitative information regarding the molecular composition. However, the impact of co-added scans acquisition parameter into machine learning classifications still needs better evaluation. In this study, FTIR images of Luminal B and HER2 subtypes were acquired varying the scan number and preprocessing techniques. It was demonstrated a spectral quality improvement when the scan number was increased, decreasing the standard deviation and outliers. Six machine learning models were used to classify the subtypes: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting. Best mean accuracy of 0.995 was achieved by Extreme Gradient Boosting model. It was found that all models achieved similar high accuracies with groups b256_064 (256 background and 064 scans), b256_128 and b128_128. Besides assessing the performance of different models, the b256_064 was established as the optimal group due to the minimum acquisition time. Therefore, this work indicates b256_064 for breast cancer subtype classification and also as a basis for other studies using machine learning for cancer evaluation.
Assessment of the preventive effects of Nd:YAG laser associated with fluoride on enamel caries using optical coherence tomography and FTIR spectroscopy
2021 - DIAS-MORAES, MARCIA C.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; PEREIRA, DAISA L.; ANA, PATRICIA A.; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
Objective This in vitro study characterized and monitored, by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the effects of the association of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF-gel) and Nd:YAG (neodymiun:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser, as sequencial treatments, in the prevention of incipient enamel caries lesions. Methods 120 human enamel samples were randomized into 3 groups (n = 40): APF-gel (1.23% F-, 4 min.); Laser+APF (Nd:YAG laser irradiation—0.6W, 84.9J/cm2, 10Hz, followed by APF-gel); and APF+Laser (APF-gel followed by laser irradiation). The samples were subjected to a 15-day pH-cycling, evaluated by OCT (quantification of optical attenuation coefficient–OAC) and FTIR (analysis of carbonate and phosphate content) before treatments, after treatments, and on the 5th, 10th and 15th days of pH-cycling. The statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Results The Optical Attenuation Coefficient (OAC) assessed by OCT increases with the progression of demineralization, and the Laser+APF presented the highest values of OAC in 10th and 15th days of pH-cycling. Nd:YAG decreased the carbonate content after treatment regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, while APF-gel did not interfere in the composition of enamel. The carbonate content was also changed in the first 5 days of the pH-cycling in all groups. Conclusion Nd:YAG laser irradiation before or after the application of APF-gel did not influence the appearance of incipient caries lesions, showing no synergistic effect. Regardless of the application order of the APF-gel, laser irradiation reduces the carbonate content of the enamel, which also changes during the demineralization process. However, irradiation before the application of APF-gel increased the speed of progression of the lesions, which positively impacts public health as it can prevent caries disease, even in high risk individuals. OCT and FTIR are suitable for assessing this effect.
Human dental enamel evaluation after radiotherapy simulation and laminates debonding with Er,Cr:YSGG using SEM and EDS
2019 - RABELO, THAIS F.; ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; ZANINI, NATHALIA; JUVINO, AMANDA C.; DEL-VALLE, MATHEUS; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; SANTOS, MOISES O.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
The pursuit of perfection makes younger people undergo aesthetic procedures without formal indication. However, young patients may be susceptible to a disease such as head and neck cancer which treatment can compromise the adhesion of these indirect mate-rials. Here, we present an analyze, of the gamma radiation effects on crystallographic morphology of human dental enamel after laminate veneer debonding with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Thus, human dental enamel samples were prepared and randomized into 2 groups (n=10): Laser Irradiation (L) and Gamma + Laser Irradiation (GL) group. Scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed before bonding and after debonding using Er,Cr:YSGG. Only Gamma + Laser Irradia-tion group received a cumulative dose of 70 Gy gamma radiation used in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. SEM images showed that both GL and L groups presented altered morphology. EDS showed an decrease in Ca and P intensities after laser debonding of laminates veneers in both group. Therefore, a proper laser facet removal protocol should be established for healthy patients and patients who have been exposed to radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
Monitoring the progress and healing status of burn wounds using infrared spectroscopy
2020 - CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; LIMA, CASSIO A.; MORAIS, MYCHEL R.P.T.; ZORN, TELMA M.T.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
Burns are one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and the most costly traumatic injuries. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in wound healing is required to accelerate tissue recovery and reduce the health economic impact. However, the standard techniques used to evaluate the biological events associated to wound repair are laborious, time-consuming, and/or require multiple assays/staining. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to monitor the progress and healing status of burn wounds. Burn injuries were induced on Wistar rats by water vapor exposure and biopsied for further histopathological and spectroscopic evaluation at four time-points (3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Spectral data were preprocessed and compared by principal component analysis. Pairwise comparison of post-burn groups to each other revealed that metabolic activity induced by thermal injury decreases as the healing progresses. Higher amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids were evidenced on days 3 and 7 compared to healthy skin and reduced amounts of these molecular structural units on days 14 and 21 postburn. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine the healing status of a wound based on the biochemical information retained by spectral signatures in each phase of healing. Our findings demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy can monitor the biological events triggered by burn trauma as well as to detect the wound status including full recovery based on the spectral changes associated to the biochemical events in each phase.
Multimodal evaluation of ultra-short laser pulses treatment for skin burn injuries
2017 - SANTOS, MOISES O. dos; LATRIVE, ANNE; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; ROSSI, WAGNER de; ZORN, TELMA M.T.; SAMAD, RICARDO E.; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z.; CESAR, CARLOS L.; VIEIRA JUNIOR, NILSON D.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
Thousands of people die every year from burn injuries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of high intensity femtosecond lasers as an auxiliary treatment of skin burns. We used an in vivo animal model and monitored the healing process using 4 different imaging modalities: histology, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 3 dorsal areas of 20 anesthetized Wistar rats were burned by water vapor exposure and subsequently treated either by classical surgical debridement, by laser ablation, or left without treatment. Skin burn tissues were noninvasively characterized by OCT images and biopsied for further histopathology analysis, SHG imaging and FTIR spectroscopy at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after burn. The laser protocol was found as efficient as the classical treatment for promoting the healing process. The study concludes to the validation of femtosecond ultra-short pulses laser treatment for skinburns, with the advantage of minimizing operatory trauma.
FTIR spectroscopy revealing the effects of laser and ionizing radiation on biological hard tissues
2015 - ZEZELL, DENISE M.; BENETTI, CAROLINA; VELOSO, MARCELO N.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; ANA, PATRICIA A.