ALEXANDRE GIMENEZ ALVAREZ

ALEXANDRE GIMENEZ ALVAREZ

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Image quality analysis of an industrial instant non-scanning tomography system with different collimators
2019 - VELO, A.F.; ALVAREZ, A.G.; HAMADA, M.M.; MESQUITA, C.H.
An instant non-scanning tomography system is being developed at the IPEN. This type of tomography system, due to its configurations, provides a low spatial resolution; however, it presents a high temporal resolution as an advantage. In this sense, it has high applicability in industrial processes involving dynamic multiphase processes, like distillation columns. Thereby, to obtain the best conditions of image acquisition, this tomography system comprising different collimators was simulated with Monte Carlo using the MCNP4C.The image quality was evaluated with Matlab® 2013b analyzing the contrast to noise ratio (CNR), root mean square ratio (RMSE), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the spatial resolution by the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF(f)), to identify which collimator fits better to the tomography in development. It was simulated three situations; (i) with no collimator; (ii) ø 25x 50 mm2 cylindrical collimator with a septum of ø5.0 x 50 mm2; (iii) ø25 x 50 mm2 cylindrical collimator with a slit septum of 24 x 5.0 x 50 mm3. RMSE values for no collimator presented better results. CNR showed that no collimator and slit collimator reaches the same CNR values, but no collimator decreases more than the slit collimator as the number of iteration rises. The hole collimator reaches a higher CNR value, however decreases more than the others. The spatial resolution with no collimator and slit collimator were around 31.9 mm, and for the hole collimator was around 20 mm.
Gallium-67 citrate used as a tracer of acetone production routes
2019 - MESQUITA, C.H. de; CALVO, W.A.P.; AOKI, P.E.; SILVA, V.C. da; HARAGUCHI, M.I.; VELO, A.F.; ALVAREZ, A.G.; HAMADA, M.M.
In this work the pathway of the chemical product and the kinetics parameters were evaluated in a laboratory plant settled, using 0.4 GBq (10 mL) of 67Ga citrate as radiotracer and 18 NaI(Tl) radiation detectors. The AnaComp program was used to estimate the kinetic para ameters of the acetone production. The yield of the acetone production was estimated by the percentage ratio between the areas under the curve (AUC) of the curve profiles of the final product compartment divided by the concentration found inside the chemical reactor whose result was 87% yield during the first 30 minutes of reaction.
Evaluation of iterative algorithms for tomography image reconstruction
2019 - VELO, A.F.; ALVAREZ, A.G.; HAMADA, M.M.; MESQUITA, C.H.
The greatest impact of the tomography technology currently occurs in medicine. The success is due to the fact that human body presents standardized dimensions with well-established composition. These conditions are not found in industrial objects. In industry, there is a great deal of interest in using the tomography in order to know the inner part of (i) manufactured industrial objects or (ii) the machines and their means of production. In these cases, the purpose of the tomography is: (a) to control the quality of the final product and (b) to optimize the production, contributing to the pilot phase of the projects and analyzing the quality of the means of production. This scan system is a non-destructive, efficient and fast method for providing sec-tional images of industrial objects and it is able to show the dynamic processes and the dispersion of the ma-terials structures within these objects. In this context, it is important that the reconstructed image may present a great spatial resolution with a satisfactory temporal resolution. Thus, the algorithm to reconstruct the imag-es has to meet these requirements. This work consists in the analysis of three different iterative algorithm methods, namely the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLEM), the Maximum Likelihood Trans-mitted Method (MLTR) and the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Method (SIRT. The analyses in-volved the measurement of the contrast to noise ratio (CNR), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF),in order to know which algorithm fits the conditions to optimize the system better. The algorithms and the image quality analyses were performed by Matlab® 2013b.
A third generation tomography system with fifteen detectors simulated by Monte Carlo method
2019 - VELO, A.F.; ALVAREZ, A.G.; CARVALHO, D.V..S.; FERNANDEZ, V.; SOMESSARI, S.; SPRENGER, F.F.; HAMADA, M.M.; MESQUITA, C.H.
This paper describes the Monte Carlo simulation, using MCNP4C, of a multichannel third generation tomography system containing a two radioactive sources 192I (316.5 – 468 KeV) and 137Cs (662 KeV), and a set of fifteen NaI(Tl) detectors, with dimensions of 1 inch diameter and 2 inches thick, in fan beam geometry, positioned diametrically opposite. Each detector moves 10 steps of 0,24o, totalizing 150 virtual detectors per projection, and then the system rotate 2 degrees. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the viability of this configuration. For this, a multiphase phantom containing polymethyl methacralate (PMMA ((  1.19 g/cm3)), iron (  7.874 g/cm3), aluminum (  2.6989 g/cm3) and air (  1.20479E-03 g/cm3) was simulated. The simulated number of histories was 1.1E+09 per projection and the tally used were the F8, which gives the pulse height of each detector. The data obtained by the simulation was used to reconstruct the simulated phantom using the statistical iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method Technique (ML-EM) algorithm. Each detector provides a gamma spectrum of the sources, and a pulse height analyzer (PHA) of 10% on the 316.5 KeV and 662 KeV photopeaks was performed. This technique provides two reconstructed images of the simulated phantom. The reconstructed images provided high spatial resolution, and it is supposed that the temporal resolution (spending time for one complete revolution) is about 2.5 hours.
Gallium-67 citrate used as a tracer of acetone production routes
2017 - MESQUITA, CARLOS H. de; CALVO, WILSON A.P.; AOKI, PEDRO E.; SILVA, VALDIR C. da; HARAGUCHI, MARCIO I.; VELO, ALEXANDRE F.; ALVAREZ, ALEXANDRE G.; PAIXAO, LETICIA B.; HAMADA, MARGARIDA M.
In this work the pathway of the chemical product and the kinetics parameters were evaluated in a laboratory plant settled, using 40 GBq of 67Ga citrate as radiotracer and 18 NaI(Tl) radiation detectors. The AnaComp program was used to estimate the kinetic parameters of the acetone production. The yield of the acetone production was estimated by the percentage ratio between the areas under the curve (AUC) of the curve profiles of the final product compartment divided by the concentration found inside the chemical reactor whose result was 87% yield during the first 30 minutes of reaction.
Reconstructed image quality analysis of an industrial instant non-scanning tomography system with different types of collimators by the Monte Carlo Simulation
2017 - VELO, ALEXANDRE F.; CARVALHO, DIEGO V.; ALVAREZ, ALEXANDRE G.; HAMADA, MARGARIDA M.; MESQUITA, CARLOS H.
The greatest impact of the tomography technology application currently occurs in medicine. The great success of medical tomography is due to the human body presents reasonably standardized dimensions with wellestablished chemical composition. Generally, these favorable conditions are not found in large industrial objects. In the industry there is much interest in using the information of the tomograph in order to know the interior of: (i) manufactured industrial objects or (ii) machines and their means of production. In these cases, the purpose of the tomograph is to: (a) control the quality of the final product and (b) optimize production, contributing to the pilot phase of the projects and analyzing the quality of the means of production. In different industrial processes, e. g. in chemical reactors and distillation columns, the phenomena related to multiphase processes are usually fast, requiring high temporal resolution of the computed tomography (CT) data acquisition. In this context, Instant non-scanning tomograph and fifth generation tomograph meets these requirements. An instant nonscanning tomography system is being developed at the IPEN/CNEN. In this work, in order to optimize the system, this tomograph comprised different collimators was simulated, with Monte Carlo method using the MCNP4C. The image quality was evaluated with Matlab® 2013b, by analysis of the following parameters: contrast to noise (CNR), root mean square ratio (RMSE), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the spatial resolution by the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF(f)), to analyze which collimator fits better to the instant nonscanning tomography. It was simulated three situations; (i) with no collimator; (ii) ?25 mm x 50 mm cylindrical collimator with a septum of ø5.0 mm x 50 mm; (iii) ø25mm x 50 mm cylindrical collimator with a slit septum of 24 mm x 5.0 mm x 50 mm.
Evaluation of iterative algorithms for tomograhy image reconstruction – a study using a third generation insdutrial tomography system
2017 - VELO, ALEXANDRE F.; CARVALHO, DIEGO V.; ALVAREZ, ALEXANDRE G.; HAMADA, MARGARIDA M.; MESQUITA, CARLOS H.
The greatest impact of the tomography technology currently occurs in medicine. The success is due to the human body presents standardized dimensions with well-established composition. These conditions are not found in industrial objects. In industry, there is much interest in using the tomography in order to know the inner of (i) the manufactured industrial objects or (ii) the machines and their means of production. In these cases, the purpose of the tomography is to (a) control the quality of the final product and (b) to optimize production, contributing to the pilot phase of the projects and analyzing the quality of the means of production. This scan system is a non-destructive, efficient and fast method for providing sectional images of industrial objects and is able to show the dynamic processes and the dispersion of the materials structures within these objects. In this context, it is important that the reconstructed image presents a great spatial resolution with a satisfactory temporal resolution. Thus the algorithm to reconstruct the images has to meet these requirements. This work consists in the analysis of three different iterative algorithm methods, such Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLEM), Maximum Likelihood Transmitted Method (MLTR) and Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Method (SIRT. The analysis consists on measurement of the contrast to noise ratio (CNR), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), to know which algorithm fits better the conditions in order to optimize system. The algorithms and the image quality analysis were performed by the Matlab® 2013b.
A third generation tomography system with fifteen detectors and a gamma-ray source in fan beam geometry simulated by Monte Carlo Method
2017 - VELO, A.F.; ALVAREZ, A.G.; CARVALHO, D.V.S.; FERNANDEZ, V.; SOMESSARI, S.; SPRENGER, F.F.; HAMADA, M.M.; MESQUITA, C.H.
This paper describes the Monte Carlo simulation, using MCNP4C, of a multichannel third generation tomography system containing a two radioactive sources, 192I (316.5 – 468 KeV) and 137Cs (662 KeV), and a set of fifteen NaI(Tl) detectors, with dimensions of 1 inch diameter and 2 inches thick, in fan beam geometry, positioned diametrically opposite. Each detector moves 10 steps of 0,24o, totalizing 150 virtual detectors per projection, and then the system rotate 2 degrees. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the viability of this configuration. For this, a multiphase phantom containing polymethyl methacralate (PMMA ((  1.19 g/cm3)), iron ( 7.874 g/cm3), aluminum (  2.6989 g/cm3) and air (  1.20479E-03 g/cm3) was simulated. The simulated number of histories was 1.1E+09 per projection and the tally used were the F8, which gives the pulse height of each detector. The data obtained by the simulation was used to reconstruct the simulated phantom using the statistical iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method Technique (ML-EM) algorithm. Each detector provides a gamma spectrum of the sources, and a pulse height analyzer (PHA) of 10% on the 316.5 KeV and 662 KeV photopeaks was performed. This technique provides two reconstructed images of the simulated phantom. The reconstructed images provided high spatial resolution, and it is supposed that the temporal resolution (spending time for one complete revolution) is about 2.5 hours.