Capítulos

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/8934

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Processo de irradiação em resíduos agroindustriais
2025 - BARROS, JOÃO P. A. de A.
O mundo enfrenta desafios significativos na gestão das vastas quantidades de matérias-primas geradas pela agricultura, aquicultura, silvicultura e pecuária, com estimativas de perdas de até 50 % ao longo das diversas etapas, desde a colheita até o consumo. Esses resíduos agroindustriais, devido à sua composição e degradabilidade mais lenta, frequentemente resultam em acumulação e impactos ambientais adversos. No entanto, eles também contêm concentrações consideráveis de compostos bioativos valiosos, sugerindo um potencial significativo para serem reincorporados em novas aplicações. A radiação ionizante emergiu como uma técnica promissora para o reaproveitamento de resíduos, destacando-se entre os métodos disponíveis devido à sua característica de tecnologia limpa, que não gera resíduos adicionais nem aumenta a temperatura durante o processamento, ao contrário dos métodos convencionais. Essa abordagem oferece uma nova perspectiva para o gerenciamento de resíduos, visando não apenas a redução do desperdício, mas também a criação de produtos de alto valor agregado com menor impacto ambiental. Desta forma, esse capítulo aborda as pesquisas mais recentes sobre o uso da energia nuclear como uma solução inovadora e viável para o reaproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais. Ela examina os efeitos positivos e negativos dessa tecnologia na preservação nutricional e na disponibilidade de compostos bioativos, além de abordar a aceitação dessa tecnologia e a disseminação das informações sobre seus benefícios em alimentos e resíduos.
Postos de combustíveis na geração de áreas contaminadas em zonas urbanas e seus impactos na sustentabilidade
2024 - AQUINO, WAGNER F.; AQUINO, SIMONE
O comércio varejista de combustível é essencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas em diversos segmentos da sociedade. Em contrapartida, essas atividades são as de maior frequência na geração de áreas contaminadas, conforme o cadastro da Companhia Ambiental do estado de São Paulo (CETESB), devido aos vazamentos nos sistemas de tanques subterrâneos e linhas de abastecimento e às práticas inadequadas de descarte irregular nas redes subterrâneas dos resíduos gerados e efluentes, com agravante de estarem instaladas em zonas urbanas com grande densidade demográfica e diferentes ocupações e serviços na circunvizinhança. Em função da proximidade dessas fontes de contaminação com moradores do entorno é fundamental o repasse de conhecimento pelos órgãos ambientais de fiscalização e controle aos interessados sobre os primeiros sinais de possíveis vazamentos ou contaminações para minimização dos possíveis danos materiais ou ao meio ambiente. Na ocorrência deste tipo de impacto ambiental, são estabelecidos riscos à saúde da população residente pela presença de compostos contaminantes de alta toxicidade e periculosidade, bem como grandes transtornos às outras atividades próximas pelas ações necessárias de intervenção para saneamento da contaminação subterrânea, o que afeta o equilíbrio, o bem estar social e a sustentabilidade da área impactada e que pode até demandar a interdição total do local impactado conforme a gravidade do quadro verificado.
A scientometric analysis of biomonitoring with plants
2025 - STEM, NAIR; BRIET, RAFAEL N.; MOREIRA, EDSON G.
This work is focused on the biomonitoring of trace element atmospheric pollutants using Tillandsias, mosses, and lichens. A scientometric analysis was conducted by using two databases: Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in the selection of 249 records. Passive biomonitoring was dominant (~52%), while active monitoring represented ~36%. A comparison of the usage of moss, Tillandsia, and lichen was performed, showing successful cases. Main characterization techniques included ICP-MS/OES, INAA, and AAS. Urban (35%) and industrial (38.4%) environments were the most studied. Despite some limitations, biomonitoring is a powerful, low-cost tool and a Nature-based Solution, especially suitable for low-income regions. Russia and Romania stand out in adoption in the period of this research (2020 – 2025), but the Americas and Africa show a lack of incentives, highlighting the need for greater global support.
Traditional disinfection methods and acceptance by conservators of gamma radiation treatments
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; VIEIRA, A.C.D.; BRITO, S.G. de
Traditional african wood artefact preservation by ionizing radiation
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; NAGAI, M.L.E.; VIEIRA, A.C.D.
Modern art disingection and restoration
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; NAGAI, M.L.E.; VIEIRA, A.C.D.
Mass decontamination and oversizes object treatments using gamma radiation processing in Brazil
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; NAGAI, M.L.E.; VIEIRA, A.C. D.
Disinfection of paper materials in Brazil
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; NAGAI, M.L.E.; VIEIRA, A.C.D.
Disinfection of a Wax Moulage Collection using gamma radiation
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; NAGAI, M.L.E.; VIEIRA, A.C.D.
Application of gamma radiation for the decontamination of exsiccatae
2025 - VASQUEZ, P.A.S.; LIMA, L.M.P.R.; SANTOS, P.S.; ARAGAKI, S.; BIACHINI, R.S.; VITALI, V.M.V.; CRUSIUS, I.H.S.; KAMEYAMA, C.; ROSSI, L.; CORDEIRO, I.
Strategies to reduce air pollution through sustainable energy practices in households, the urban economy, and mobility
2025 - RODRIGUES, PATRICIA F.; COSTA, RENATA F. da
This chapter explores strategies to reduce air pollution through sustainable energy practices, urban design, and mobility solutions, aimed at creating environmentally friendly and economically sustainable cities. At the household level, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy for electricity, cooking, and heating is essential, along with effective waste management and energy-efficient building designs. At the urban level, the “five-minute city” design is emphasized, promoting access to essential services within a short walk or bike ride, reducing reliance on private vehicles, and encouraging active transport. This chapter also underscores the role of urban green spaces in lowering pollution, enhancing public health, and mitigating the urban heat island effect. Finally, improvements in urban mobility—efficient public transport, infrastructure for walking and cycling, and fleet electrification—further support these goals. By adopting an integrated approach, cities can significantly improve air quality, foster economic sustainability, and enhance overall livability.
Review and prospects of geotextiles
2024 - BEZERRA, INDIRA Q.M.; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L.
With the increase of global environmental changes and intensive anthropogenic activities, it is extremely important to maintain and improve soil function. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. Different structures and forms of geotextiles are available to geotechnical engineers. Geotextiles in the form of woven and nonwoven structures are mostly used in various geo-engineering applications. This article focus on how the use of geotextiles have grown during the last decades and the importance of a particular material to be base of geotextiles, babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng, Arecaceae) that is a palm with socioeconomic and ecologic importance found in humid tropical areas in Brazil.
OCT in prosthodontics
2023 - MORAES, PAULO N.L. de; MORAIS, MARCIA C.D. de; ZEZELL, DENISE M.
Prosthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that aims to recover lost dental elements, through fixed or removable prosthetic elements, installed on osseointegrated implants and/or remaining teeth or roots. The interface between prosthetic elements and tissues of the oral cavity (hard tissues, such as bone and teeth, or soft tissues, such as gingiva and mucous membranes), as well as between different prosthetic surfaces (implants and abutments, crowns, cores, resins and cements) has always been a critical factor for the success of the treatment, with long-term maintenance of function and aesthetics. The analysis of these interfaces is routinely performed through clinical examination and with the use of radiographs, but the accuracy of this analysis is relative. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown to be suitable for the analysis of these interfaces and also the integrity of different types of prosthesis, due to its micrometric resolution, and for being a real-time and non-invasive technique, preserving the integrity of the evaluated structures, being able to clinically assess them over time.
OCT in cariology
2023 - ZEZELL, DENISE M.; ANA, PATRICIA A.
This chapter will review one of the main aspects of OCT applications in dentistry, which is the caries processes and wear. The changes in the mineral content during demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues alter the optical properties of enamel and dentin, such as refractive index, increase in scattering and changes in light polarization, which allows the quantification of demineralization degree by OCT, resulting in the possibility of quantitatively monitoring lesion progress or remineralization with better spatial resolution than the conventional radiographic imaging methods. The use of optical clearing agents on the surface of enamel and dentin can reduce the scattering and reflection of the surfaces, reaching deeper optical penetration, which improves the quality, contrast and sensitivity of OCT images. Clinical studies showed the possibility of evaluating the presence of subsurface lesions in different sites, as well as quantifying their severity, but the development of new probes that can image posterior interproximal regions and devices that allow the positioning of the probes in a standardized way are still in progress.
Polymeric Nanogels and Nanoparticles in Medical Applications
2024 - KADLUBOWSKI, SLAWOMIR; LIMA, CAROLINE S.A. de; FERREIRA, ARYEL H.
Nanogels and polymeric nanoparticles have been intensively studied for diverse applications due to their unique and tuneable properties. Nanogels are hydrogelsdthree-dimensional network of polymer chains with water filling the spaces between themdin nanometer size, which allows them to penetrate biological barriers and be of high interest for several medical applications. Polymeric nanoparticles are differentiated from nanogels by the swelling property. While nanogels have high capacity of water absorption that may lead to size changes, polymeric nanoparticles are mostly a solid mass. Both, nanogels and nanoparticles may be obtained from synthetic and natural polymers though different synthesis processes. The radiation-induced intramolecular crosslinking was proposed as a great alternative, eliminating the need of toxic crosslinking agents and providing a final sterile material. In this review, we intended to present a focused discussion on the radiation-induced synthesis technologies, the most frequent used polymers to obtain nanogels and nanoparticles, and their biomedical applications showcasing their potential to revolutionize healthcare.
O antropoceno e o direito ambiental
2023 - SODRE, MARCELO G.; RODRIGUES, ELAINE A.
Fungal nanobionics
2023 - THIPE, VELAPHI C.; BATISTA, JORGE G.S.; LEBRE, DANIEL T.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B.; KATTI, KATTESH V.
Fungi have proven to be one of the most beneficial microorganisms that have contributed and continue to play a pivotal role in human civilization. The nexus between mycology and nanotechnology provides a cornucopia of metabolites that can be utilized in nanotechnology to usher in a separate branch of study—"Myconanobiotechnology.” This is achieved by fungal nanobionics, which centers fungi as nanofactories for the large-scale industrial production of nanoparticles for the development of new next-generation products with industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and consumer application prospects in a wide range of sectors that stem from pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and energy, thus envisaging a completely different paradigm in relation to revolutionizing technologies. In this chapter, we cover a plethora of the biogenic-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles intracellularly and extracellularly with an in-depth understanding of the principles that govern fungal nanobionics. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth knowledge of the most recent advances in mycoinnovations that utilize fungal nanobionics in the ubiquitous role they play in a myriad of applications stemming from disinfectants, food packaging material additives, biosensors, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, electronics, composites, agricultural products (effective antimicrobial agents in nanofertilizers and nanopesticides), and most recently in energy through renewable, sustainable biofuel production.
Aplicação terapêutica das células-tronco na medicina veterinária
2023 - SANTOS, ENRICO J.C.
Os constantes avanços clínicos e laboratoriais na área da medicina veterinária vêm propiciando aos animais uma maior longevidade. O aumento da expectativa de vida tende a resultar em uma maior incidência de patologias, assim como o surgimento de novas doenças até o momento não existentes ou de baixa frequência. Atualmente, a manutenção da qualidade de vida dos animais na terceira idade é um dos principais desafios no âmbito da medicina veterinária. Perante o presente quadro, constantes estudos científicos básicos, préclínicos e clínicos vêm sendo desenvolvidos tendo por meta a implementação de tratamentos inovadores para enfermidades nas quais as terapias convencionais têm se mostrado insuficientes ou ineficazes. Dentre estes, um dos que têm se mostrado mais promissores é a terapia celular com células-tronco, a qual pode ser definida como arte de se administrar células vivas ao corpo de um receptor objetivando o tratamento de uma condição médica específica.
Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Biologically Relevant Compounds
2024 - BATISTA, JORGE G. dos S.; RODRIGUES, MURILO A.V.; FREITAS, LUCAS F. de; FONSECA, ANA C.M.; RODRIGUES, ADRIANA de S.; CRUZ, CASSIA P.C. da; THIPE, VELAPHI C.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B.
Copper-based nanomaterials have emerged as a new platform in various scientific domains due to their unique physicochemical, biological, and compatibility properties. This review explores the multifaceted applications of copper nanomaterials in the areas of biosensing, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and environmental remediation. The innovative role of copper nanomaterials in biosensors and their exceptional sensitivity and specificity in detecting biomolecules are discussed. Moreover, the potential applications of copper-based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems, highlighting the controlled and targeted release of therapeutic agents’ approaches are explored. In the domain of cancer theragnostic, copper nanomaterials exhibit promising results thus offering practical tools for early diagnosis and advanced treatment modalities. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles are explored, emphasizing their importance in combating microbial threats and promoting a new era in antimicrobial research. Copper-based nanomaterials could have a significant role in environmental and bioremediation applications. The strong catalytic activity of copper nanoparticles makes them ideal candidates for environmental remediation. In summary, this comprehensive review consolidates the latest advances in copper nanomaterials research, providing valuable information for scientists and researchers involved in diverse fields to promote the development of new applications and technologies.
Mulheres no âmbito nuclear impulsionando a integração latino-americana
2024 - DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L.; GERVASONI, JUANA L.
A energia nuclear é utilizada para a geração de energia elétrica, a produção de radioisótopos, a dessalinização de água do mar e para a produção de hidrogênio. As técnicas nucleares e isotópicas contribuem para a preservação dos recursos hídricos e do solo e para controlar as pragas, garantir a inocuidade dos alimentos e maior segurança alimentar, bem como melhorar a produção e sanidade pecuárias. A organização de mulheres no âmbito nuclear (Women in nuclear-WiN) tem como uma das suas funções dar a conhecer ao público os benefícios que a aplicação da energia nuclear pode trazer em todas as possíveis aplicações. Essa ação vai contribuir para superar restrições de aquela parte do público que é reticente sobre o uso dessa tecnologia e contribuir à integração latinoamericana. Também, são apresentados cruzamentos de dados do número de publicações relacionadas, que ajudam analisar objetivamente s tendência de essa integração.

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